ewaste in india

8/3/2019 Ewaste in India

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International Conference on Eco Industrial Parks

E-Waste Management in India

Ulrike Killguss,

GTZ, Indo-German Environment Programme

7th July 2009


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Overview

01 Challenges and Current Practices

02 GTZ Initiatives in e-Waste Management

03 Establishing an e-Waste Management System

04 Building Blocks of the Management System

05 E-Waste and Industrial Parks A Case Study06 The Way Ahead


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Challenges and Current Practices


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Electronics industry is the fastest growing manufacturingindustry today

E-waste is one of the fastest growing waste streamsworldwide (rapid growth and obsolescence, shortinnovation cycles)

Rapidly increasing e-waste volumes (domestic andimports)

Low recovery of materials due to rudimentary processes

(loss of resources) Low level of awareness of the hazards of incorrect

recycling and disposal

Little or no data and information on e-waste generation,imports and exports


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E-waste processing in India is highly complex and mostlymanaged by a very well networked informal sector

Release of toxics into air, water and soil

Health concerns to the workers involved directly in such

operations Loss of revenue to state as these recycling centres are

not covered under any regulation

Disproportionate sharing of profits between the actors ofthe recycling chain

Cherry-Picking - only valuable waste is recycled whileless valuable waste is dumped and causes pollution


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E-Trade Cycle in Delhi

Key Players

Domestic Manufacturer ImportsOfficial

Relativesor Friends

Exchangedwith vendorfor higher

configuration

Donated toinstitutions

Auctionedto Vendors

Vendor Lobby

Upgraded forResale

Scrap Dealer

After Use

Dismantler

PlasticExtractor

Electronic ItemExtractor

Metal Extractor

End User Landfill, Water Body, Air (Disposal)

Extractors/Recyclers

Consumer


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Dismantling of e-Waste


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Copper extraction using acids


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Burning of PCBs to extract copper


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Breaking cathode ray tubes (CRTs)


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Precious metal recovery


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Hazardous work environment


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E-Waste Management Approaches

Industrialized Countries Through (large) recycling companies

Capital intensive

Environmentally safe

Highly controlled Very expensive

Industrializing Countries

Mainly through informal sector Labour intensive

Often polluting, unsafe, unhealthy

Not very controlled

Self financed


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GTZ Initiatives in e-Waste Management


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Assessments / Studies / Concept Notes

E-waste Assessment Studies: National Level, Delhi,Bangalore and Kolkata (in progress)

Assessment of occupational health and safety of

informal e-waste recycling sector

Concept Paper on models / strategies for sustainablemanagement of e-waste in India


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Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Potential Annual e-Waste: 382,979 MT Imports: 50,000 MT Computers: 56,324 MT Mobiles: 1,655 MTTelevisions: 2,75,000 MT

e-Waste Processed:19,000 MT Computers: 12,000 MTTelevisions: 7,000 MT

Mobiles: negligible

Total e-Waste available for recycling: 144,143 MT Imports: 50,000 MT Computers: 24,000 MT Mobiles: 143 MT

Televisions: 70,000 MT

Source: MAIT-GTZ, 2007

Estimation of E-Waste in India

Of this, 95% is recycled by the informal sectorand only 5% by formal recyclers

MT = Metric Tons

Total e-waste generated in India in 2007 (Computers, Mobiles, Televisions, Imports)


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Capacity Building and Training

Profitable Environmental Management Training (PREMA)carried out with informal recyclers

Capacity Building of informal sector, association building andformalization of informal groups (safe recycling practices,support in obtaining government clearances, information onbasic human rights)

Linking of newly formalized groups (previous informal sector)to formal recyclers (collection, segregation and dismantling)

Highlight: Three groups have been formalised in Bangalore which aresetting up recycling facilities

One large fomalised associtation in Delhi is collectinge-waste and supplying a formal recyler


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Recycling in the Informal Sector

Collection

Segregation& Dismantling Recycling


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Model for E-Waste Management in India

Formal e-WasteRecycler

DismantlingCollection &Segregation Recycling

Formalised informal Sector


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Improved Recycling Capacity

Facilitation and technical support for setting up formal

recyclers units throughout the country Support to government in selection process for formal

recyclers

Highlight: E-Parisaraa

India first formal e-waste recycling facility (ISO 14001:2004certified)

Set up in collaboration with GTZ and EMPA

Safe methods of dismantling e-waste

Process of recycling involves non-incineration technology -

manual dismantling, segregation, shredding, crushing, pulverisingand density separation


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Stakeholder Engagement

Formation of national level working group on e-waste in2004

Formation of the E-Waste Agency (EWA) in Bangalore inMay 2005 (brings together industry, government andNGOs to work together on a sustainable e-wastemanagement strategy)

Multi-Stakeholder Dialogues (industry, industryassociations, government and NGOs) as a commonplatform for discussion and consensus building forsustainable management systems, extended producer

responsibility and CSR


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Policy Advice

Support in drafting Guidelines for EnvironmentallySound Management of Electronic Waste (2008)

Support in draft legislation on Environmentally SoundManagement of Electronic Waste which was firstpresented to public for comments and has now beensubmitted to government for further action


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Establishing an e-Waste Management System


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Establishing the Management System

The various steps in providing a new direction to e-waste

management system in India include:

Conceptualising and defining the necessary building

blocks for a proper e-waste management model Creating a broad consensus amongst the various

stakeholders of e-waste management system about the

viability of the proposed EPR models Implementation of the EPR model

Legislation based on regular monitoring and evaluation

of the model

EPR = Extended Producer Responsibility


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Establishing the Management System

Objective: to evolve a sustainable solution for managing

e-waste in IndiaSuch a management system would provide:

A convenient collection and disposal system for large

and small consumers to return all their e-waste safely.

A mandatory system for all producers to care for theirproduct beyond its useful life.

A regulated system where all stakeholders have clearlydefined roles and responsibilities, adhering strictly toexisting environmental and social legislation.


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Building Blocks of the Management System


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Building Blocks

1. Legal Framework

Extended Producers Responsibility (EPR) All Stakeholder Participation and Coordination

Questions to be kept in mind:

What is the goal of the legislation? What is the scope of the legislation?

Who is responsible? (Allocating responsibilities)

How is the system financed? (if additional finances areneeded)

Setting collection and recycling targets

Monitoring and compliance


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Building Blocks

2. Secure Financing: What needs to be financed?

All e-waste is not profitable, some e-waste is not branded, inherentvalue depends on market prices, operational costs, componentsused in technology, legislation

Every step of the recycling chain, i.e. collection, transport,separation of fractions (manual or automatic) and material recovery,induces a cost or a profit

Creating awareness, controlling and running such a system alsohave a cost

Every component of the system needs to have itsfinancing secured


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Building Blocks

3. Awareness and Education

Awareness among all stakeholders is very critical for any changeto be effective and meet its desired objective

The Producers will also need to play their part in educating theconsumers regarding

the e-waste management system

product constituents handling precautions

responsibility of the producers in changed situation


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E-Waste and Industrial Parks- A Case Study


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Clean E-Waste Channel at ELCIA

ELCIA (Electronics City Industry Association) in Bangalore is home toseveral of the biggest electronic products brands as well as large

users, with over 150 member companies having around 60,000 staff.

Through support of GTZ and EMPA, ELCIA and its members,predominantly from the software sector, have taken a unilateral lead in

tackling the e-waste problem:

Awareness programs conducted in Electronics City (2006)Formulation of a ' Code of Conduct' for the companies in

Electronics City defining their commitment towards proper e-waste management (2007)

Creation of an e-waste collection centre inside the ElectronicsCity

The waste collected is then handled over to E-Parisaraa, anauthorized e-waste recycler


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The Way Ahead


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The Way Ahead

Present traditional system of e-waste collection in thetraditional sector should continue:

-Evolution of standards for recycling operations-Fiscal incentives to promote recycling

Extended producer responsibility (EPR)

-Buy back schemes / Fixed recycling prices-Flexible refund schemes / Definition of responsibilities

Prevention of hazardous substances in products

Ban imports of e-waste

Incentives for state-of-the-art facilities for recycling


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For More Information

Indo-European-e-Waste Initiative

http://www.ieewaste.org/

Indo-German-Swiss e-Waste Initiative

http://www.e-waste.in/

E-Waste Agency http://www.ewa.co.in/

E-Parisaraa (First formal e-Waste recycler in India)

http://www.ewasteindia.in/

E-Waste Info Guide

http://ewasteguide.info/

Electronics City Industrial Association (ELCIA)

http://www.elcia.in/ewaste
http://www.e-waste.in/http://www.ewa.co.in/http://www.ewasteindia.in/http://ewasteguide.info/http://ewasteguide.info/http://www.ewasteindia.in/http://www.ewa.co.in/http://www.e-waste.in/


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Short Video Clip


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Funnel Approach for E-Waste Estimation

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Potential Annual e-Waste Products at the end of active life which either getstacked inside warehouses/store rooms Products that are not sold by consumers because ofinappropriate resale value or are used for lower levelapplication

e-Waste ProcessedDisposed electronic products which are actuallyrecycled and would include the dismantled parts andcomponents of the electronic and electrical products

Total e-Waste available for recycling Products that have been exchanged/ sold by theirowners Large quantities of the Waste Electrical and ElectronicEquipment get refurbished, reused or relocated to

smaller towns or villages

ewaste in india

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