europhit: retrofit step by step to nzeb practical examples ... · practical examples &...
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EuroPHit: Retrofit step by step to NZEB
Practical examples & certification of phased renovation
Simon Camal
Project Engineer, La Maison Passive
Renofase Meeting, Gent, 09/06/2015
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Summary
1. EuroPHit
2. Audit
3. Design
4. Reduce costs
5. Finance and certify
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La Maison Passive
French association promoting Passive house
• 400 members
• 200 professionals trained per year
• Organizer of french Passive House / NZEB Congress Passibat, 17-18/12/2015, Paris
Accredited Passive house / EnerPHit building certifier since 2009
• 40 000 m² certified / 200 projects
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1. EUROPHIT
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EPBD – National implementationNZEB – MS report
on progressEED – Entry into
force
EPBD – MS list of measures and instruments
RES Directive – Minimum levels of RES
EED – Assessment of national transposition
NZEB – MS report on progress
NZEB – All new public buildingsNZEB - MS report
on progress
EPBD – Applicationbetween 9/01/2013
and 9/07/2013EED – National
implementation
EPBD – MS updated list of measures and instruments
NZEB – All new/refurbished
buildings
2012
2013
2014 2017
2015 2018
2020
Here we are
EuroPHit project starts
EuroPHit project ends
2013
Strategic objectives
2016 20202014
The policy background
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High efficiency
Low efficiency
Reduce consumption!
EU’s 2020 objective:
All new/refurbished buildings asNZEBs (Nearly Zero Energy Buildings)
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Quality renovation...achieved with the Passive House principles
IF you do it, do it right
Secondary school retrofit in Baesweiler, Germany© Rongen Architects
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Building stock
NZEB
• motivation
• disturbance of inhabitants
• life cycle of existing components
• financing
• competence
All at once
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Building stock
step
by
• criteria and softare tool
• pilot projects
• suitable productsstep
Retrofit
• financing instruments
• dissemination
EnerPHit + RES
...Or step by step
EuroPHit
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1. Components step-by-step
What is step-by-step retrofit?
Building stock
Insulation Windows +Airthightness
Ventilation +RES
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2. Facades / Sides / parts step-by-step
What is step-by-step retrofit?
Building stock
North side South side +Windows +Airtightness
Rest + Ventilation +RES
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Criteria and certification scheme for retrofits aiming for the EnerPHit Standard of the course of years
Financing models and market incentive programmes tailored to step-by-step retrofits
Design concepts and sound guidelines for the development of suitable, high performance building components
Specific energy balance tools for gradual energy retrofits
Training materials and workshops focusing on the specific needs of step-by-step refurbishment
Building case studies showing the way towards an increasingly high quality, energy efficient building stock.
Key project outcomes
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Pilot projects
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PHPP Software
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2. AUDIT
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PHPP to model existing buildings ?
Recalibrated PHPP9 with monitoring data on existing office building• Timber frame, double glazing, extract only, n50 = 6,8 h-1
• Heat supply : 60% pellets, 40% gas
• PHPP heating consumption matches monitored levels (150 kWh/m².a, ± 10% monthly)
Observer Project Archipente, Rhone Alpes, FR. Data : 01/14-06/14
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Efficiency for comfort : windows
Passive House quality even with hotter winters ?Minimal Uw [W/(m².K)] for winter comfort, average minimal temperature in winter
-> Comfort is not the only key, have a look at the winter energy balance !
© La Maison Passive
Climate Data: CRU, NASA SSE
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Winter energy efficiency : windows
Minimal Uw [W/(m².K)] for positive energy balance on windows
g = 55%
22% of the solar horizontal
irradiation reach windows
© La Maison Passive
Climate Data: CRU, NASA SSE
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Efficiency for comfort : walls
Passive House quality even with hotter winters ?
Yes ! But comfort must be completed by an economical assessmentMinimal U-value [W/(m².K)] in walls for winter comfort
© La Maison Passive
Climate Data: CRU, NASA SSE
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Economical efficiency : components
Is it worth to retrofit a wall already insulated?
Example : Prefab concrete panels 1978
• 8 cm mineral wool insulation
• U = 0,47 W/(m².K)
Example : Concrete form wall 1973
• 10 cm interior insulation with mineral wool
• U = 0,35 W/(m².K)
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• Existing: 8 cm mineral wool insulation, U = 0,47 W/(m².K)
• Investment ETICS: 90-150 €/m² wall according U-value, Render : 35€/m²
• Direct electric heaters, 15 c€/kWh, investment period 20 years, residual value on extra 10 years
Is it worth to retrofit a wall already insulated?
Example ETICS on prefab concrete panels 1978 (thousands of buildings)
NP
V e
ner
gy
savi
ng
s[€
/m²]
R wall [m²K/W]
Gt [kKh/a]
Case Study Courcelles, FR
30 years
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Economical efficiency : components
Compare your building to the average figures of your country
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Initial airtightness
Is the initial airtightness relevant to the economic analysis ?
• Office in timber frame to be retrofitted
• Mechanical ventilation extract only
• Initial airtightness test : n50 = 6,8 h-1
Was it worth to do an initial blower-door test ?
• Yes, as a guidance for the airtightness design
• Yes, as it helped calibrating the PHPP
• Instead of a pessimistic n50 = 10 h-1,
- 17 kWh/(m².a) heating demand (PHPP)
+ 18 €/m² net present value (test cost: 2 €/m²)
Observer Project Archipente, Montbrison, FR
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3. DESIGN
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Decision Graph
yes
Can you invest in one-shot EnerPHit? (3 years)
no
yes
Can you invest in SBS EnerPHit? (5-10 years)
no
yes
Urgent retrofit priorities?
no
Low Eff1S/SBS
EnerPHitSBS
1:Efficiency2:RES
yes
Numerous retrofit priorities?
no
EnerPHit1S
Efficiency+RES
EnerPHitSBS
1: NPV
EnerPHitSBS
1: Easiest/ Cheapest
EnerPHitSBS
1: Urgent
yes
Synergy savings > Lost residual value?
no
yes
Can you invest now in PH and RES?
no
EnerPHitSBS
1: Savings
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Keep tenants inside
Noise
Privacy
Light
UseNo additional insulation on slabs
Absestos: define if in-situ is possible
Minimize cuts, holes and fixations
Minimize scaffolding duration / avoid scaffolding
Couple deep interventions inside dwellingseg Ventilation ductsand DHW plumbing
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Setting up an Overall Refurbishment Plan
Example on Case Study Courcelles, France
• Multifamily social housing
• 2 x 16 dwellings
• Prefab concrete panels
• Heating and DHW individual, direct electric
• Existing heating demand = 90 kWh/(m².a)
• Existing PE demand = 390 kWh/(m².a)
Solution ranking Action cost matrix
OverallRefurbishment
Plan
Upgrade existing plan
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Solution ranking
1. Define solutions with owner/investor
2. Rank these solutions (use PHPP9 Variants)
Centralised MVHR vs standard maintenance on existing extract unit (16 dwellings)
Present Value Energy savings (20a) = 57 €/m²TFA
select active variants >>
1-1:
Exi
stin
g
1: Existing
2: MVHR 85%
3: Windows
Uw=0.8
4: Walls U
= 0.12
Results Units 1 1 2 3 4
Heating demand kwh/(m²a) 91.7 91.7 67.8 44.5 26.2Heating load W/m² 38.9 38.9 30.1 21.0 14.5
Overall specific space cooling demand kwh/(m²a)
Cooling load W/m²
Overheating frequency % 1.1 1.1 0.8 2.0 3.3Primary Energy Consumption kwh/(m²a) 387.9 387.9 311.6 251.2 204.4
Input: comparison configuration 3
Description MVHR
Component type Ventilation system ('Ventilatio
Component
"Lower Efficiency" variant 7-Min Efficiency (RT-Ex)
Investment costs [€] 52000Annual maintenance costs [€/a] 800
"Higher Efficiency" variant 2-2: MVHR 85%
Investment costs [€] 137600Annual maintenance costs [€/a] 1600
Financial support (present value) [€]
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Solution ranking
Most Urgent Easiest/Cheapest Best NPV Highest Savings
Windows Windows Roofs Ventilation
Heating&DHW Walls Walls Windows
Walls Heating&DHW Ventilation Walls
Ventilation Roofs Heating&DHW Heating&DHW
Roofs Ventilation Windows Roofs
Slabs Slabs Slabs Slabs
1. Define solutions with owner/investor
2. Rank these solutions (use PHPP9 Variants)
3. Identify best candidates for first step
4. Check for incompatibilities
Result in this case: First step = Ventilation
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Action cost matrix
Lines: BeforeColumns: After
Windows Walls Ventilation Heating Total inducedcosts
Windows Intermediate fresh air openings, or combi unit
Walls If ducts in wallselse 0
Ventilation If combi unit window+MVHRelse 0
If ducts in wallselse 0
If combined system (eg HP on extract air)else 0
Heating Heating system oversized
Heating system oversized
Heating system oversized
Total incurredcosts
[€/dwelling], 20 year periodCost calcuation: Investment (Synergies) + Lost Residual Values – Energy savings
Which retrofit path?
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Action cost matrix: Example Courcelles
Windows• New triple glazing PVC window installed in the inner
insulation layer
• Investment = 8.8 k€/dwelling
• Energy savings (PHPP9) = 5.5 k€/dwelling
Walls• Airtightness: exterior concrete panel + sealing
• 200mm EPS glued on exterior panel, sealed air layer
• Investment = 6.3 k€/dwelling
• Energy savings = 4.7 k€/dwelling
Windows before Walls• Intermediate then final connection to walls
• Investment = 0.9 k€/dwelling
• Energy savings = 0.1 k€/dwelling
Walls before Windows• Intermediate then final connection to windows
• Investment = 2 k€/dwelling
• Energy savings = 0.1 k€/dwelling
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Action cost matrix
Lines: BeforeColumns: After
Windows Walls Ventilation Heating Total inducedcosts
Windows 8800-5500=3300
900-100=800
2000- 0 =2000
0 6100
Walls 2000-100=1900
6300-4700=1600
0 0 3500
Ventilation 0 0 9300-4300=5000
0 5000
Heating Heatingoversized =3000
Heatingoversized =3000
Heatingoversized =3000
10300-8000=2300
11300
Total incurredcosts
8200 5400 10000 2300
[€/dwelling], 20 year periodCost calcuation: Investment (Synergies) + Lost Residual Values – Energy savings
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Upgrade refurbishment plan
1. Build up a low-efficiency retrofit scenario (either national standard or low energy label)
2. Modify it to embed EnerPHit efficiency
3. Chose measures according to priorities defined with investors:
• Occupants comfort
• Building health
• Positive Net Present Value of single measures or group of measures
• Technical feasibility
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Setting up an overall refurbishment plan : Example
Base scenario, minimal energy efficiency as required by national standard• Investment required (6 year period) : 22 k€/dwelling
• Global cost on 20 years : 34 k€/dwelling
• Total energy bill (with white goods) : 1650 €/dwelling.a
• Scheduled measures : window replacement, new paint on walls, change electric heaters, replace sanitary facilities
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Setting up an overall refurbishment plan : Example
EnerPHit scenario• Investment required (6 year period) : 41 k€/dwelling
• Additional investment for EnerPHit : 19 k€/dwelling
• Global cost on 20 years : 48 k€/dwelling
• Total energy bill (with white goods) : 400 €/dwelling.a
• Scheduled measures : phB windows, MVHR, ETICS, Insulation roof, Air/Water heat pump for heating/DHW
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Setting up an overall refurbishment plan : Example
PHPP9 Variants• 85% reduction in heating demand
• 75% reduction of Primary Energy consumption
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Setting up an overall refurbishment plan : Example
• Calculation made with PHPP9, Variants and Comparison Sheet
• Additional EnerPHit investment balanced by energy savings on a 20 year period
• ! Energy savings can’t always be fully recovered by investors (here roughly 50%)
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3. REDUCE COSTS
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Airtightness
Is it always necessary to renew the existing render to get an airtight layer on walls ?
• Airtightness test after replacement of windows and doors, airtight membrane on roof : n50 = 0.7 h-1
• Why ? Relatively airtight concrete form wall with cement render
• Not the case with masonry !
Do we save money here ?• Avoid scraping and refill of existing render: - 30 €/m²
• Need to test bonding strength: + 5 €/m²
• Avoid dowels: ± 40 €/m²
Observer Project Sauvage, Lyon, FR
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Look for juicy steps
Step: ETICS + Garage slabs & roofs
-100 kWh/(m².a) heating demand
Investment EnerPHit = 190 €/m²TFA
Investment Minimal = 34 €/m²TFA
Energy savings = 177 €/m²TFA
Gain on total annual cost for heating (gas) after step:
-266 €/dwelling.a
Case Study Auby, FR
Economic viability
Total annual costs 11.31 2889 10.27 2623 1.04 266 €/a
Maximal economically viable additional investment costs 176.84 45172 €
Cost per kWh of saved final energy 6.0 Cent/kWh
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Find reproductible solutions
Ceiling + MVHR before Wall
Ceiling+MVHR (2015)Investment = 14 k€/dwellingTotal annual cost = + 97 €/aPrice saved energy = 8 c€/kWh
Walls+Eave (2018) Investment = 16 k€/dwellingTotal annual cost = - 247 €/aPrice saved energy = 6 c€/kWhΨeave = 0.05 W/mK
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Perimeter insulation
160x600 mm vertical perimeter insulation xps
Small houses B’= 5 m
Still 15°C below slab at end of winter
Heating demand reduced by 1 kWh/(m².a)
Depth more relevant than width
Temperature below slab [°C]
Average heat flow through slab [W/m²]
Wufi 2d
before after
before after
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Perimeter insulation
Is it worth?Heating demand reduction = - 1 kWh/(m².a)
Needed here to reach EnerPHit
Investment ~ 40 €/m²TFA
Negative Net Present Value, but…
Cheaper than insulate slabs from the inside!
Wufi 2d Observer Project Sauvage, Lyon, FR
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Total annual cost
Here EnerPHit can be reached without additional total cost
White certificates : - 3% to -10% investment in opaque components
Assessment on 20 years + Residual values on extra 10 years
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Couple interventions when ripe
Windows+Walls or Walls before Windows?
Windows+Walls:Take out window+shutter
= 190 €/window
Lost residual value
~ 100 €/window
Install new window+shutter
= 1250 €/window
Walls before Windows:Invest = 300 €/window
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Innovative window installation
Prefabricated window installation with
aerogel and cork• Thought for interior insulation of listed
buildings, step-by-step possible
• 745 €/m² (excl. VAT) installed
• Ψinstalled,lateral=0.06 W/(m.K)
• Ψinstalled,bottom=0.03 W/(m.K)
Tillieux Menuiseries, Reawin A+ Tip Tep
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Step-by-step window connection
Manufacturer competition (Component Award, 2015)• Change windows first
• Insulate walls 10 years after (exterior insulation)
• Half of solutions with windows staying in place
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Cascade ventilation
• Supply air in bedrooms (20 m3/h each), living room (60 m3/h)
• Transfer vent from living room to kitchen
• Cellar: 10 m3/h supply air to minimize duct length
• Extract (existing) in kitchen, bathroom and WC, total 120 m3/h / 0,5 h-1
Reuse existing extract ducts
• Total investment: 8.6 k€/dwelling
Expanded cascade ventilation?
• Can we delete the air inlet in the living room?
• Can we blow fresh air from the corridor?
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Cascade ventilation
Expanded cascade ventilation• Air quality would be too low here if no supply air in living room
• Works better if bedrooms have direct link to living room
SdbHall
Living Room
Cascade VentilationExpanded Cascade Ventilation
Air quality (CO2)
Re
lativ
e H
um
idity
(H2
O)
Tool: Univeristät Innsbruck
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Air/Water Heat Pump on extract air
A suitable solution for EnerPHit ?
• Outdoor unit 20 kW, Hydraulic modules with 150 L storage in cellars
• Outdoor air pre-heating via air/water heat exchanger
and variable flow from damper and small fan CO2-regulated
• Heating demand 20 kWh/(m².a)
• Primary energy demand 115 kWh/(m².a)
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Make ventilation cheaper
Atrea Duplex RS4
• 900 m3/h Air Handling Unit with 90% heat recovery, air heating and cooling
• suitable for decentralised ventilation of refurbished offices
• Average price 2000€/unit
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4. FINANCE AND CERTIFY
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What banks require
Creditworthiness more important than cash flow or Net Present Value
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Focus on initial consultation
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Finance commissioning
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Step-by-step certification
Release Late 2015
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Overall Refurbishment Plan
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Communication platform for consultancy and certification
Guidance for design, building and certification
User-friendly
Ensure energy efficiency
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Communication platform for consultancy and certification
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Primary EnergyRenewable
Consumption
RES Production
CLASSIC
≤ 60 kWh/(m².a)
PLUS
≥ 60 kWh/(m²grounda)
≤ 45 kWh/(m².a)
PREMIUM
≥ 120 kWh/(m²ground.a)
≤ 30 kWh/(m².a)
Certify NZEBs
Renewable Energy Sources will get the higher share in our energy mix in the next decades
PHPP9 proposes an assessment based on analysis of renewable potential
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Conclusion
Overall Refurbishment Plan• Upgrade existing plan with EnerPHit quality is possible: budget shifts towards envelope
• Identify intermediate states
• Check quality via certification process
Prove cost-efficiency• PHPP9 Variants and Comparison Worksheets
• Capital cost up to 90% of total cost for EnerPHit
Reduce costs• Reproductible solutions
• Cascade ventilation
• New products which make EnerPHit easier : window connection, window+ventilation
• Financial support for design, quality insurance and product development
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The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of theEuropean Union. Neither the EACI nor the European Commission are responsible for any use that may be made ofthe information contained therein.