Environmentally Sustainable Development

VI

Book of Abstracts - I[Environment]

Chief EditorIftikhar A. Raja

COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyAbbottabad (Pakistan)

Book of Abstracts Sixth International Conference onEnvironmentally Sustainable Development

ESDev – 201523-25 August 2015

Department of Environmental Sciences,CIIT-Abbottabad, Pakistan

Published by:COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyUniversity Road,AbbottabadPakistan

© 2015, COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyAbbottabad, Pakistan

No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission from the copyright owner.

ISBN: 978-969-487-022-9

Printed by:

Editorial Board

Chief Editor Dr. Iftikhar A. Raja

Editor Dr. Arshid Pervez

Associate Editors Dr. Qaisar MahmoodDr. Muhammad Irshad Dr. Maria Siddique Dr. Irum Shahzadi

Technical Editor Waqar Azim

Conference Patronage

Dr. S. M. Junaid Zaidi S.I.(Rector, CIIT)Dr. Khan Gul Jadoon (Director, CIIT, Abbottabad)

Organizing Committee Member

Iftikhar A Raja ChairmanArshid Pervez Secretary

Members M. Maroof ShahMuhmmad Irshad Qaisar MehmoodRaza AhmedZulfiqar A BhattiMohammad BilalTatheer Alam Naqvi Abdur Rehman Ayesha Baig Fazli Wahid Khalid Ahmad Maria SiddiqueM. Javed Iqbal Naseer Ahmad Rashid Nazir Sabaz Ali Khan Shamyla Nawazish Yasar Sajjad Irum Shahzadi Sajid Hussain Shah Bibi Saima Zeb Ummara Waheed Mian Basit Shah Adnan Ahmed Tahir

Kiramat Khan Khawaja Farooq Ahmed Farid Ullah Romana Khan Jamshaid HussainAbdul Nazir Akhtar Iqbal Bilal Ahmad Zafar Ismat Nawaz Malik Tahir Hayat Mazhar IqbalNaim RashidRafiq Ahmed Muhammad Shahzad Shahid Masood Shah Usman Irshad Wajiha Khan Nadia Riaz Ghazal Khurshid Habiba ZafarSadaqat

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

With the approval of competent authority for conduct of ESDev-2015 (23-25 August, 2015) in a befitting manner, following committees are notified.

Conference PatronageDr. S. M. Junaid Zaidi (Rector, CIIT)Dr. Khan Gul (Director, CIIT Abbottabad)

Sponsors/CollaboratorsHigher Education Commission, Islamabad, Pakistan (HEC)COMSATS Headquarter IslamabadNational Testing Service Norwegian University

II. International Advisory Committee Members

Abdel Malek AlgeriaB. K. Bala BangladeshM Saif-ul- Islam BangladeshZhaohui Lin ChinaWu Donglei ChinaD. Prinz GermanyFranz Nestmann GermanyP. K. Joshipura IndiaWidodo Brintowiyono IndonesiaCharls N Grant Jamaica WIHom B. Rijal JapanAhmad J.S. Abu-Safa JordanM Azmi Bostam MalaysiaR. B. Kayastha NepalI. Nyborg NorwayP. D. Jenssen NorwayJoseph Foronda Philippines

Yahia Alhamed Saudi ArabiaJoseph Foronda PhilippinesJong-In Han South KoreaN. Shanmuglingam Sri LankaMohamed Esham Sri LankaA. K. A. El Shobali SudanB. Mattiasson SwedenG.S. Virk SwedenJ. O. Drangert Sweden Ahmet Uludag TurkeyMary Hancock UKMiklas Scholz UKJohn W. Twidell UKMohammad Asif UKC. Frear USAP. T. Minh Thu Vietnam

III. National Program Committee

Haque Nawaz Bhatti UoA FaisalabadSyed Zafart Ilyas AIOU IslamabadIshtiaq A Qazi NUST, IslamabadAmir H Malik CIIT IslamabadGul Najam Jami UNDP IslamabadIrfan Hayee COMSATS Islamabad Muhammad Irfan IIU IslamabadMuhammad Hanif PMD IslamabadMuhammad Ashraf PCRWR IslamabadQazi Moinuddin Abro MU-ISTD, Sindh Arjumand Zaidi IST Karachi

Hafiz Rub Nawaz PCSIR, LRC, Karachi M. Ghaffar Doggar MoA, Punjab, Lahore Mahr Sahibzad Khan RMC/PMD LahoreRobina Farooq CIIT LahoreSohaib Asif Sipra REON LahoreMuhammad Farooq BZU Multan Zahid M Khan BZU Multan Saleem Raza Samo QUEST NawabshahZahoor A Swati UoA PeshawarMuddasi Israr UoB QuettaUzaira Rafique FHWU, RawalpindiMuhammad Shahid CIIT Vehari

We express our sincere appreciations to authors and co-authors for submitting and/or presenting their work at ESDev-2015. Lastly we are thankful to Chairman, Higher Education Commission, Rector, CIIT, Director, CIIT Abbottabad for their whole hearted support to make this conference a success.

May God Almighty give us the ability and strength to serve the humanity and be kind to His creation.

Iftikhar A. RajaChairman

ESDev-2015

PREFACE

The fragile ecosystem of our planet is under attack on many fronts as a result of our desire to improve our living standard and better lifestyle through industrialization and infrastructure development while our struggle for food on the other hand. Both these ‘desire and struggle’ lead to unsustainable use of resources. The United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals ‘MDG’ set in 2005, for worldwide efforts to ensure environmental sustainability by 2015 are approaching. Now while the time has passed the ‘Millennium Declaration’ indicators show our failure to protect the environmental systems, a fundamental question dominates the global development agenda: what should now replace the ‘MDG’? It is clear that environmental issues such as deforestation, habitat and biodiversity loss, overuse of natural resources, air and water pollution, and global climate change all are linked to poverty, whether it is ‘fuel poverty or food’. Therefore, the post MGD agenda needs to tackle the relationship between poverty and environmental sustainability for long-lasting change. Not just our survival and wellbeing but of all living beings depends on agenda, how to conservation of our natural environment.

UNDP and UNEP Poverty-Environment Initiative ‘PEI’ programme is launched to support country-led efforts to mainstream poverty-environment linkages into national development and sub-national development planning, from policymaking to budgeting, implementation and monitoring.

COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, in line with United Nation ‘MDG’ took the initiative by launching a series International Conferences: “Environmentally Sustainable Development” (ESDev). Since 2005 the ESDev series of conference is held regularly alternate year. The first five conferences successfully addressed the vital issues revolving around “Environment and Sustainable Development”. Utilizing the same platform and in accordance the recommendation of ESDev-2005, the 6 th

International Conference, “Environmentally Sustainable Development” ESDev-2015 has been organized

The ESDev-2015 Conference has brought together hundreds of professionals from academia, industries, local enterprises and agencies to translate ideas, success stories, case studies, current trends, and technologies into solutions for environmental protection and enhancement. In this conference two topics – Drugs Development: Synthetic and Natural, and Advances in Civil and Environmental Engineering also included for special deliberation. Three separate Books of Abstracts have been published – BoA-I, contains over 225 abstracts related to environment, Book-II 100 abstracts covering articles on Drugs Development and Book-III holds 25 abstracts on

Advance in Civil and Environmental Engineering. Over 100 papers are presented in two parallel sessions and the remaining papers are displayed in poster form.

The number of themes and unequal distribution of the papers under these themes represents particularly the academic response to the call for papers. Issues of local concern and expertise are particularly well represented. Perhaps in future years it would be appropriate to encourage participation from a wider environmental perspective.

It is expected that the environmental issues and concern disscussed at ESDev-2015, among the stakeholders in an area of immense importance would result in specific actions, to craft suitable policies and to take the necessary action to protect and sustain the environment. Research and technical papers presented at ESDev-2015 will evoke interest and subsequent discussion and practical implementation not only by the delegates attending the conference, but also by others involved in environment related activities like research and teaching institutions, NGOs and individuals working in private and public sector.

Iftikhar Ahmed RajaChairman

ESDev-2015 ConferenceCOMSATS Institute of Information

Technology, Abbottabad Pakistan

CONTENTSA ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION pp.?

1 Spatial Extent Analysis of Fog and Haze Cover over Pakistan and India Using Medium Resolution Satellite DataBadar M. Ghauri

2 Greenhouse Gas Estimation from the Landfill Sites of Rawal Town Rawalpindi, PunjabBibi Almas and Sofia Khalid

3 Fluoride Contamination in Water, Air and Soil of Pakistan: A ReviewAnum Aslam and Sofia Khalid

4 Monitoring and Measurement of Formaldehyde Concentration Over Lahore and Islamabad Using Ground-Based and Satellite Observation Using Max-DoasWaqas Ahmed Khan, Dr. Faheem Khokhar and Ifraw Naveed

5 Harvests of the Future: Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Elevation and the Nutritional Security of Cotton Seed Oil (Gosypium hirsutum L)Fazia Ghaffar, Ikhtiar Khan and Abid Mehmood

6 Biodegradation of Toluene Using Bacteria Isolated from Petroleum Refinery Contaminated SoilMariam Mansoor and Imran Hashmi

7 Restaurant Waste Characteristics and Management in RawalpindiAsma Gul Qazi and Sofia Khalid

8 Optimization of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Peshawar Using Mathematical Modelling and GISMansoor A. Khan, Usman Jilani, Irshad Hussain, Ibad Khurram, Safi Ur Rehman, Huma Rehman

9 Bioleaching of Metals from Low Grade OresSadia Ilyas, Jae-chun Lee, Haq Nawaz Bhatti, Jeaong soo Sohn and Ayesha Riaz

10 Ecotoxicological evaluation of Arsenic using biochemical parameters of Euglena Gracilis as EndpointsSidra Tahira, Samrana Zahir, MK Daud, Waheed Murad, Noor Muhammad and Azizullah Azizullah

11 Biodegradation Of Chlorpyrifos In Sequencing Batch Reactor At Different Hydraulic Retention Times Saira Khalid, Imran Hashmi, Jong-In Han

12 Performance Evaluation of Phytoremediation Plant Installed at NustMaham Ayesha, Abeerha shahid, Owais mohidin and Imran Hashmi

13 Working Efficiency of Wastewater Treatment Facility in Hayatabad Industrial Estates, Peshawar, PakistanSaeed Rehman, Mohammad Nafees And Muhammad Adnan

14 Potential of Indirect Determination of Anions in Polluted Water Samples Using Flame Atomic Absorption SpectrophotometerAsmaa Bibi, Fozia Batool, Abida Malik, Sobia Noureen, Tasleem Akhtar and Muhammad Mustaqeem

15 Studies on Peanut (Arachis Hypogeae) Husk for Removal of Bromophenol Blue from Aqueous Solution Employing UV/Visible SpectrophotometerTaslim Akhtar, Fozia Batool, Shahid Iqbal and Ilyas Tariq

16 Use of Cotton Sticks Agri-Waste as Trickling Filter Biofilm Support Medium for Wastewater TreatmentMian M. Ahson Aslam1, Zahid Mahmood-Khan, Imran Ali, Hafiz Umar Farid, Muhammad Arsalan, Maqbool Ahmad

17 Maize Cob Trickling Filter (Mctf) Watewater Treatment System Performance Variation-II

Muhammad Arsalan, Zahid Mahmood Khan, Imran Ali, Hafiz Umar Farid, Mian M. AhsonAslam, Maqbool Ahmad

18 Use of Agricultural Waste-Gardenia Jasminoides Leaves for Removing Textile Dye-Amaranth from water in Cost Effective Manner Rabia Rehman and Farah Kanwal

19 Kinetic and Equilibrium Modeling for Biosorption of Lead (II) by Chemically Modified Cotton Leaves BiomassMuhammad Riaz, Raziya Nadeem, Rabia Riaz, A. R.A. Alias, Mehar-Un-Nisa

20 Low-Cost Pre-Treatment of Pharmaceutical WastewaterA. Abu-Safa, S. Abu-Salah, M. Mosa, and S. Gharaibeh

B GREEN TECHNOLOGY AND ALTERNATE ENERGY1 Assessment of Run-of-River Hydropower Potential of Kunhar River Using Geospatial

TechniquesMajid Khan and Arjumand Z. Zaidi

2 Dynamic Wind Flow Modelling – A Step Towards Green Energy in PakistanTanvir Ahmad, Nasir Ahmad and Yaseen Ahmad

3 Biogas: an energy options for 1000 acre agriculture farmMuhammad Ghaffar Doggar and *Iftikhar A Raja

4 Synthesis of Surface Engineered Magnetic Nano-Particles and Its Application for Removal of Cu (II) from Aqueous SolutionRaziya Nadeem, Nabia Fatima, Saba Jamil, Hazafa Zafar, Madiha Rafiq and Tahira Iqbal

5 A Simple Design And Instlation Of Biogas Plant in Kpk Pakistan Iftikhar A Raja and Shabir Wazir

6 Sustainable and Renewable Energy Applications for COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad CampusAdnan Amin and Iftikhar A Raja

7 Study of Nano-Structured Hydrophobic Silica Membrane for Separation of H2/CO2

Mixture Sajid H. Shah, Yoshimitsu Uemura, Suzana Yusup, Katsuki Kusakabe

8 Biogas Production: The Fundamental Processes,Shabir Wazir and Iftikhar A Raja

C ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING, MANAGEMENT AND POLICIES1 Assessment of Academic Research Utilization for National Development in the Field of

EnvironmentJagul Huma Lashari, Arabella Bhutto, Roshan S. Shah Rashdi and Qazi M. Moinuddin Abro

2 Enforcement of Environmental Legislation: The Role of Environmental Tribunal in Punjab, PakistanShazia Pervaiz, Tahira Aziz Mughal and Azhar Hameed

3 Histomorphic Foliar adatations of Grasses in Cholistan Desert-Punjab, PakistanKhawaja Asad Abbas, Khizar Hayat Bhatti, Sadaf Zahra and Amin Shah

4 Nano-Structured Hydrophobic Silica Membrane For Separation Of H2/Co2 Mixture, Sajid H. Shah, Yoshimitsu Uemura, Suzana Yusup, Katsuki Kusakabe

5D AGRICULTURE SYSTEM: FOOD SECURITY AND ENVIRONMENT

1 Plant Fungal Pathogens a Threat for Environment and Its Control Through FungicidesSundus Akhtar and Muhammad Jarrar Ahmed

2 Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution for Wheat Plant and Its Mitigation Through Bio-ControlMuhammad Jarrar Ahmed and Sundus Akhtar

3 Effect of Temperature during Grain Filling on Rumen Starch Degradation of Maize Kernels Differing in Amylose and Amylopectin Content at Two Maturity Stages

M. Ali, Hafiz Muhammad Rashad Javeed, J.W. Cone, W.H. Hendriks, P.C. Struik4 Correlating Plants Importance Values with Its Use Value to Assess Sustainable Use of the

Western Himalayas’ Vegetation; A Method DevelopmentShujaul M Khan, Habib Ahmad, Sue Page, Inayat Ur Rahman & Shamyla Nawazish, David Harper

5 Geospatial Analysis of Leaf Rust on Wheat Crop in Jhelum District Maria Neelam, Shazia Iftikhar and Sheikh Saeed Ahmad

6 Assessment of Endosulfan Residues in Cotton Growing Area of Vehari, PakistanA. Ahmad, M. Shahid, H. Zaffar, T. Naqvi, A. Pervez, M. Bilal, M.S. Akhtar, S. Khalid, G. Abbas, W. Nasim

7 Spatial Estimation of Soil-Herbaceous Flora Relationship Along the Roadsides of Wahcantt Using Ordination TechniquesHafsa Bashir, Summra Erum, Shiekh Saeed Ahmad and Asma Jabeen

8 Phytoxicity Evaluation of Atrazine to Host Crops Using the Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Zea Mays as End PointsShagufta BiBi, Azizullah Azizullah, Robeena Akhtar, Waheed Murad, Zia ur Rehman, and M.K Daud

9 Prevalence of Microorganisms in Raw Vegetables Irrigated with WastewaterReenum Anwar and Imran Hashmi

10 Simulating Cotton Performance for Phosphorus in Arid Vehari by Using Dssat Model Asad Amin, Wajid Nasim, Muhammad Nadeem, Muhammad Mubeen1, Liaqat Ali, Hafiz Mohkum Hammad

11 Metabolic Responses in Maize Seedlings Under Arsenic StressSamrana Zahir, Sidra Tahira, Azizullah Azizullah, Insaf Ullah Khan, Nazim Ali, Waheed Murad and M.K Daud

12 Extractability and Bioavailability of Mercury in Fresh and Composted Manures of Different LivestockAneesah Pervaiz, Faridullah, and Imran Ali Khan

13 Leachability of Lead in the Agriculture Field Soil Amended With Dam SedimentsBushra Haroon , Faridullah and Hajira Haroon

14 Antagonistic Impact of High and Low EC and SAR on Leafy Crop ProductionHaroon Ur Rasheed, Faridullah and Bilawal Rasheed

15 Effect of Organic Waste on the Availability and Plant Uptake of Calcium in Compost Amended SoilsImran Ali Khan, Faridullah and Aneesah Pervaiz

1617 Effect of Traffic Pollution on the Anatomy and Biochemistry of Ziziphus Jujuba in

District Karak, PakistanMuhammad Yaqub, Waheed Murad, Shafiq ur Rehman and Aziz ullah Aziz ullah

18 Biopesticidal Activities of Neem Seeds and Turmeric Rhizome Extracts Against Okra PestsUzair Muhammad, Tariq Nawaz Khattak, Zia Ur Rehman, Waheed Murad and Azizullah Azizullah

19 Ethnomedico Profile of Indigenous Flora of Tehsil Barnala District Bhimber Azad Jammu and KashmirMuhammad Ishtiaq, Mehwish Maqbool, Tanveer Hussain and Shehzad Azam

20 Effects of Air Pollution on Wood of Pinus Roxburghii (Pinaceae) in Muzaffarabad Azad Kashmir, Pakistan Pazeer Iqbal, Muhammad Ishtiaq, Mehwish Maqbool, Tanveer Hussain and Shehzad Azam

21 Traditional Knowledge of Medicinal Flora in the Balakot Valley, KP, PakistanMuhammad Asif, Zafar Iqbal, Jan Alam, Shujaul M Khan, Farhana Ijaz and Inayat U Rahman

22 In Vitro Emryoid Development from Anthers of Different Maize GenotypesMuhammad Zeshan, Zubair Ahma, Salma Perveen Saad and Imran Malik

23 Screening of Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L) Genotypes Under Various Levels of Drought StressMasood Qadir, Amir Bibi and Hafeez Ahmad Sadaqat

24 Growth and Metal Uptake Potential of Green Gram Influenced by Nickel Resistant Bacteria at Varying Nickel StressesSyeda S. Meryem, A. Yasmin

25 Dark Chocolate: A Food of Life? Sami Ullah Khan, Abdul Qayyum, Salahudin, Izharullah, Mahmood Akhtar Kayani and Faraz Arshad Malik

26 Vegetables Forcing as Affected by Sudden Weather Changes: Current Scenario and Future ImplicationsMuhammad Fakhar-ud-Din Razi1, Osama Bin Abdul Hafeez, Nasir Nadeem, Ishtiaq Ahmad Rajwana and Iqrar A. Khan

27 Possibile Uses Of Allelopathy In Weed Control In Organic Farming In Turkey, Ahmet Uludag1 İlhan Urmis2, Mine Rusen and Nihat Turssun

E URBANIZATION AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT

1 Public Library: Architecture, Urban and Sustainable DevelopmentAhmad Riaz

2 Comparison of Normally Vibrated Concrete and Self Compacting Concrete in Structural Components of A Medium RI SE BuildingAmmara Sarfraz and Mehreen Khalid

3 Effect of Addition of Organic Fibers (Plypropylene) on Mechanical Properties of Reactive Powder ConcreteZia Ur Rahman, Amjad Naseer and Mohammad Adil

With drawn

4 Towards Sustainable Construction Through Minimising Embodied CO2 of Structural ConcreteShahab Samad

With drawn

5 Ceramic Waste as Aggregates in Concrete for Sustainable DevelopmentHumera Ahmed, Khuram Rashid and Waleed Shakeel

6 Radon Monitoring in the Built-Up Area Using Solid State Nuclear Track DetectorsS.U. Rahman, M. Rafique, F. Khan, Z. Wazir and Iftikhar A Raja

7 Utiliaztion of waste glass powder as a partial replacement of cement in concreteFasih Ahmed Khan, Muhammad Fahad and Khan Shahzada

8 Application of Green Roof as a Passive Design Measure to Reduce Energy Consumption in BuildingsMuhammad Asif and Abu Bakar Sadiq

9 Measurement of Soil Radioactivity Levels Using Hpge Detector and Its Radiological ImplicationsS. A. Mehdi, S. U. Rahman, K. Khan, A. Jabbar M. Rafique, F Khan and Iftikhar A Raja

10 Managing Urban Growth: Recommendations for the Case of City LahoreAhmad Riaz and Farhan Ali

11 Impact of Wish Wash Car Parking on the Raise of Noise PollutionSamreen Naeem

12 Spatio-Temporal Pattern of Land Use Growth and Urban Expansion in a Small Town of District Bahawalpur; PakistanSana Arshad, Adila Shafqat and Majid Malik

13 Co-Relational Study of Flora and Environmental Variables in Chinji National Park ChakwalIqra Afzal, Asma Jabeen and Sheikh Saeed Ahmad

14 Estimation of Land Surface Temperature Through Thermal Remote Sensing in Urban Heat Island of Multan City, Pakistan Asma Shaheen, Afia Naveed, Muhammad Ateeq, Qurat-ul-Ain, Navid Ahmad and Khalid Mehmood

15 Changes in Natural Drainage Pattern of Karachi District-A Geospatial AnalysisSumaira Zafar and Arjumand Z. Zaidi

16 Impacts of Urban Environmeental Pollution on Lahore Fort, Punjab PakistanRizwana Anjum and Haider Ali

17 Microsimulation of Urban Traffic Flow- A Case Study of University Road PeshawarMaryam Akbar, Rawid Khan and Syed Akhtar Ali Shah

F MARINE ENVIRONMENT AND COASTAL MANAGEMENT

1 Status of Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia Mydas) Conservation in PakistanHafsa Bashir, Amber Khan and Asma Jabeen

2 Chlorpyrifos Induced Behavioral and Immuno-Hematological Changes in Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio)Ayesha Munir and Imran Hashmi

3 Extraction of Seaweed Resources along Karachi coast using geospatial TechniquesMuhammad Danish Siddiqui, Arjumand Z. Zaidi, Muhammad Abdullah, Amjad Ali and Pirzada Jamal A. Siddiqui

G NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

1 Community Involvement in Forest Resource Management of Pakistan-Review PaperHafsa Bashir*, Asma Jabeen1

2 Conservation Status Of Musk Deer (Moschuschrysogaster) In PakistanSana Ghaffar1, Hafsa Bashir2, Asma Jabeen

3 Effect of Heavy Metals from Tannery Effluent on the Groundwater Using Multivariate Analysis in Peshawar, PakistanIkhtiar Khan, Muhammad Ateeq, Rakhshan Khurshid and Asma Shaheen

4 Microbial Characterization of Drinking Water Biofilms Using Different Pipe MaterialsMaryam Zafar and Imran Hashmi

5 Effect of Heavy Metals from Tannery Effluent on the Groundwater using Multivariate Analysis in Muridke, PakistanMuhammad Ateeq, Ikhtiar Khan, Rakhshan Khurshid and Asma Shaheen

6 Physico-Chemical Analysis of Therapeutic Springs Water of Haripur, KPKBibi Almas and Imtiaz Hussain Memon

7 Quantification of Cumulative Sediment Trapping by Mangla Dam in Jehlum River BasinAbdullah Yasar, Amtul Bari Tabinda, Reenum Anwar, Maimoona Raza Aleena Tahir and Zawar Haider

8 Main Challenges Of Water Resource Management In Pakistan Amir H Malik*, Toqeer Ahmed, Habiba Khalid

H HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT1 Health Hazards Radioactive Radon Gas in Drinking Water of Hazara – Pakistan

F.Khan, Z. Wazir, A. Khan, M. Ishaq, M. Fawad, S.U.Rehman and Iftikhar A.Raja

2 Radon in Drinking Water Sources from Chakwal RegionZ.Wazir, F. Khan, S.U. Rehman and Iftikhar A.Raja

3 Evaluation of Wastewater Suitability for Irrigation and Its Impact on Soil in Suburban Areas of Vehari-PakistanS. Khalid, M. Shahid, H.F.S.G. Bakhat, G. Abbas, H.M.R. Javeed and B. Murtaza

4 Socio-Cultural Acceptance and Gender Issues of Prevailing Sanitary Facilities in District Battagram, PakistanAbid Hussain, Aamir Sohail and Iftikhar A Raja

5 Study of Occupational Health and Safety in Rice Industry VehariMaryam Lateef and Syeda Amber Fatima

6 Assessment of Health Risk Associated with Exposure of Labors to High Concentration of PM10 in Construction Activities. A Case Study of District Swat [North of Pakistan]Rowaidullah, Muhammad Nafees, Sifatullah, Bashir Ahmed and Asmat Ali

I DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK

1 The Tsunami Disaster and Its Implications on Sri Lanka in the Context of Hambantota DistrictS.W. Amarasinghe and Riddley Jayasinghe

2 Balochistan Earthquake Of 2013 And Emergence Of A New Island In Arabian SeaJaved Iqbal, Ishtiaq A K Jadoon and Iftikhar A Raja

3 Flood Modeling of Kunhar River Using Hydrologic and Hydraulic ModelingArjumand Z. Zaidi

4 How to transform pakistan into flood and drought proof countryA. H. Malik*, F. R. Amin, W. Niaz, N. Saqib

J SPECIAL SYMPOSIA

1 Impact of Climatic Variability on Salt Production in Sambhar Lake, a Ramsar Wetland of Rajasthan, IndiaAamir Bhat and K.C. Sharma

2 Financial Mechanism for Renewable Energy Technologies - Designing Climate Change Investment Bank for Pakistan Seeme Mallick

3 Delineation Of Catastrophic Effects Of Climate Modifications In Pakistan Using Gis And Remote Sensing

Hafsa Bashir, Shiekh Saeed Ahmad*, 4 Alleviating The Threats Of Climate Change Over Hydrological Resources Of Asia-

Review PaperSana Ghaffar, Hafsa Bashir, Shiekh Saeed Ahmad

5 Biochar Utilization As A Strategy For Sustainable Development And Climate Mitigation- A Review PaperHabiba Khalid*, Amir H Malik

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

AAP-03SPATIAL EXTENT ANALYSIS OF FOG AND HAZE COVER OVER

PAKISTAN AND INDIA USING MEDIUM RESOLUTION SATELLITE DATA

Badar M GhauriDepartment of RS and GISc, Institute of Space Technology,

Karachi, 75270, Pakistanb_ghauri@yahoo.com

ABSTRACTNortheastern part of Pakistan bordering India is engulfed with thick fog in winters and with haze in fall months from October to February impacting millions of inhabitants of the region. This paper discusses the area affected by fog/ haze during months from Oct to February, 2006 to 2010. Daily geo-referenced subset images of MODIS (Aqua & Terra) covering both Pakistan and India were obtained and processed through ENVI 4.2 and Arc GIS. The area covered by haze, smog and fog were determined through classified satellite data. The haze density has been noted to increase during post rice harvesting activity when burning of agricultural waste takes place in India close to Pakistani border (October-November). The fog/ haze cover during the study period ranged from 155,000 - 354,500 Km 2 in Pakistan and in India from 333000 Km2 to 846,000 Km2.. The area under haze area in these countries doubled during 2006-2010. Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) from MODIS satellites also showed high aerosol load in the eastern part of the country along the Indian border during winters, from December to February. The AOD values during December months 2007 &2011 showed a variability of 0.6 to 0.9 at 550 nm with higher AOD in areas of agricultural waste burning. Air trajectories using NOAA’s HYSPLIT4 were also used to determine transport of aerosols.The same showed that the aerosol transport was from India to Pakistan in Dec 2000 and Feb 2010. Highly stable atmosphere during these months resulted in reduced vertical mixing and hence higher pollutant concentrations. Coal usage in industries in the region could be contributing towards wide spread haze/ fog.

AAP-04GREENHOUSE GAS ESTIMATION FROM THE LANDFILL SITES OF

RAWAL TOWN RAWALPINDI, PUNJAB

Bibi Almas and Sofia KhalidEnvironmental Sciences Department,

Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistansofiarahim@hotmail.com

ABSTRACTEnvironmental and social problems in developing countries are linked with rapidly increasing quantity of municipal solid waste (MSW). 80% of the MSW all over the world is managed via land filling. This study was conducted to estimate methane emissions from the landfills/disposal sites of Rawal Town based on IPCC Guidelines. Methane has a significant Global Warming Impact and considered as important GHG. Rawal Town is in the northern urban vicinity of Rawalpindi and is composed of 46 urban union councils. Economic and demographic growth of city, changing lifestyles of people, changing land use patterns and technological advancements led to increase in quantity and complexity of MSW generation and management. Recorded 850 to 900 tonns of MSW are being sent for land filing daily. 60 % of the waste was being collected and rest was somehow recycled by informal sector or left un-attended. In Rawal Town there were many unmanaged disposal sites as well and open dumping was the general practice. There was one partially managed landfill at Mousa Losar, Chakbeli that receives solid waste from Rawalpindi, administered by Rawalpindi Waste Management Company. Methane was estimated for the year 2015 and backward extrapolated till 2001.Emissions estimation was based on assumption about the relationship between certain activity and emissions generated (A theoretical emission estimation model).Results showed significant release of 364 Gg CH4/Year from the landfills (including both unmanaged and managed). Out of total emissions 282 Gg CH4/Year were from Losar

landfill. These end point emissions of methane can be avoided by segregation of biogenic waste from the point sources and by enchanting composting into practice. Methane recovery from SWDS or landfill was recorded zero in Rawal Town although there is a great opportunity for energy recovery or for other purposes like other developed countries.

AAP-05FLUORIDE CONTAMINATION IN WATER, AIR AND SOIL OF PAKISTAN:

A REVIEW

Anum Aslam and Sofia KhalidDepartment of Environmental Sciences

Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistansofiarahim@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT Fluoride (F-) is one of the severe contaminants released into the environment by various natural and anthropogenic sources. This paper reviews the various researches conducted in Pakistan reporting fluoride contamination in different environmental compartments. The higher temperature accelerates the weathering process of rocks. In Pakistan, arid climatic conditions are prevalent in those parts of the country where granite or kaolinite rocks exist. Weathering of these F- containing rocks may be the reason for the excessive fluoride concentration in the groundwater of these regions. Most of the major and heavily industrialized cities in the country are polluted with fluoride in water, soil and vegetation. Few deserts of Pakistan have high F-concentration. Some anthropogenic activities have been reported as the reason for fluoride contamination in water, soil and vegetation. Different studies also show that the HF emissions from brick kilns cause significant damage to different crops like mung beans, kidney beans, mango, apricot and maize etc. In all areas affected by fluoride contamination, dental and skeletal fluorosis has been observed. In Pakistan, few studies have also been conducted for fluoride removal from drinking water using adsorption technique. Variety of adsorbents like Modified Immobilized Activated Alumina (MIAA), Trimetal oxide adsorbent, natural adsorbents and biosorbent (White- rot fungus) has been successfully applied for fluoride decontamination form drinking water with increased efficiencies and adsorption capacities.

AAP-06MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT OF FORMALDEHYDE

CONCENTRATION OVER LAHORE AND ISLAMABAD USING GROUND-BASED AND SATELLITE OBSERVATION USING MAX-DOAS

Waqas Ahmed Khan* Dr. Faheem Khokhar* Ifraw Naveed1

1Institute of environmental sciences and engraining (IESE) National University of Science Environment and Technology (NUST)

waqas_ravian09@live.com

ABSTRACTFormaldehyde is a colorless, flammable, strong-smelling chemical that is used in building materials and to produce many household products and medical preservatives. Formaldehyde also occurs naturally in the environment. It is produced in small amounts by most living organisms as part of normal metabolic processes. Pakistan lacks the monitoring facilities on larger scale to measure the atmospheric gasses on regular bases. The study presents the result of atmospheric HCHO Vertical column densities (VCDs) obtained from ground base and satellite observation over Pakistan during the time period of 2014-2015. Level 2 data product of satellite instruments OMI retrieved by differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) technique are used. Spatio-temporal distribution of HCHO column densities over main cities and region of Pakistan has been discussed. The results show the High HCHO column densities values then the permissible limit over the main cities of Pakistan particularly the areas with rapid urbanization and economic growth. The VCDs value over main city of Pakistan is around 1.0×1016

to 34.01×1016 Molecule’s/cm2. Similarly areas with major industrial activity showed high amount of HCHO concentrations.

AAP 08HARVESTS OF THE FUTURE: ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE

ELEVATION AND THE NUTRITIONAL SECURITY OF COTTON SEED OIL (GOSYPIUMHIRSUTUM L)

Fazia Ghaffar1, Ikhtiar Khan2, Abid Mehmood3

1Department of Food & Nutrition Sciences, College of Home Economics, University of Peshawar, Pakistan

faziaghaffar@upesh.edu.pk2Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Pakistan

Ikhtiark2@yahoo.com3Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan

dgaraari@yahoo.com

ABSTRACTGossypium Hirsutum L (Upland cotton) is Pakistan’s most important commercial cash crop. Not only is it a source of one of the most important textile fiber, 53-60% of our domestic edible oil needs are being met by the oil extracted from the cotton seeds.Carbon dioxide- induced shifts in plant quality is a global challenge. Enhanced atmospheric CO2 decreases the nutrient content of many plant foods. Cotton requires appropriate climatic conditions to grow and is the most vulnerable crop to changes in the climate. This vulnerability of the cotton crop to climate change has made the response studies to elevated CO2 more important to identify the compositional changes in the oils. Based on the following objectives, about 16 (8 Bt and 8 non Bt) varieties of Gossypium H. were cultivated under two CO2 concentrations i.e. elevated (800 µmol/mol- ) and an ambient (400 µmol/mol-1 ) in closed glass green houses. Upon harvest, seeds were analyzed for seed index, percent oil, and fatty acids composition by GC MS. Data revealed a variety of significant changes in the seed index though the percent oil non-significant mean increase. Fatty acid composition showed non-significant increase in C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C20:0 and significant increase C24:0. The C18:2c concentrations increased significantly while C18: 3n6 and C18:3n3 non-significant though appreciable % change. Percent saturated showed a decreasing trend and an increasing unsaturated fatty acids under CO2 enrichment which have been due to the significant increase in C18:2c in this study. Alterations also occurred in 16/18 ratio. The study can be concluded on the findings that keeping other climatic parameters constant, elevation of CO2 alone results in some significant changes in the nutrient composition of the cotton seed oil.

ASP-04BIODEGRADATION OF TOLUENE USING BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM

PETROLEUM REFINERY CONTAMINATED SOIL

Mariam Mansoor, Imran Hashmi1

Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), SCEE, 1National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan

mariam.environmentalist@gmail.com, hashmi71@gmail.com

ABSTRACTGroundwater contamination with aromatic hydrocarbons like benzene, toluene, ethylebenzene and xylenes (BTEX) has been increasing thus requiring an urgent need for efficient methodologies that can minimize or eliminate their harmful effects. Biodegradation process has been regarded as an efficient technology to treat hydrocarbon contaminated sites by using bacteria as they are capable of degrading target pollutants. Among all BTEX compounds, toluene is a colorless, flammable liquid that is naturally present in petroleum crude oil. The aim of present study was to check toluene degrading potential of indigenous microorganisms isolated from soil contaminated with petroleum refinery wastewater. After

initial screening, five different strains were isolated by enrichment culture technique. The isolated strains were acclimatized at a certain conc. of toluene and most promising strain was selected for toluene degradation on the basis of optical density measurement through spectrophotometry analysis. Identification of potential strain was carried out using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis which identified strain as Pseudomonas sp SMM1.60mg/L conc. of toluene was degraded in bench scale bioreactors by pseudomonas sp. and percentage removal of toluene was analyzed through UV-Visible Spectrophotometer which showed 100% reduction in toluene conc. after 72h .This study may play a significant role in treatment of water contaminated with toluene and other BTEX compounds as well because all BTEX compounds share common structure.

ASW-05RESTAURANT WASTE CHARACTERISTICS AND MANAGEMENT IN

RAWALPINDI

Asma Gul Qazi and Sofia KhalidDepartment of Environmental Sciences, FJWU, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

qazi390@hotmail.com, sofiarahim@hotmail.com

ABSTRACTFood waste generally produced in Pakistan finds its way to dumping sites or landfills. This food waste can be used as a resource as it has a potential of being converted to compost. We are not having any up to date data based on the characteristics and management of food waste produced in restaurants. The current study was carried out in the restaurants of Rawalpindi city to assess the generation and characteristics of solid waste produced. Methodology included site visits, characterization of waste, waste amount survey, waste reuse and recycling practices. Results indicated lots of recycling potential within these restaurants. Some fast food restaurants were segregating the waste, while in others waste was not being segregated. About 60% of the waste comprised of leftover food from customers. Paper, Plastic, Glass and others make up for rest amount. A comparison of local and international fast food chain restaurants indicated a better waste management in the later. It was recommended that the waste management company in Rawalpindi should collaborate with these restaurants for effectively managing the waste.

ASW-06OPTIMIZATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN

PESHAWAR USING MATHEMATICAL MODELLING AND GIS

Mansoor A. Khan, Usman Jilani, Irshad Hussain, Ibad Khurram, Safi Ur Rehman1, Huma Rehman2

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan1Department of Mining Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

2National Institute of Urban Infrastructure Planning, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan

khazana90@gmail.com

ABSTRACTEnvironmentally sustainable waste management is a challenging task as it involves multiple and diverse economic, environmental, technical and regulatory issues. Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) is more challenging in developing countries like Pakistan due to lack of awareness, technology and human resources, insufficient funding, inefficient collection and transport mechanism resulting in the lack of a comprehensive waste management system. This work presents an overview of current MSWM practices in Peshawar, the provincial capital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan and proposes a better and sustainable integrated solid waste management system with incineration (Waste to Energy) option. The diverted waste would otherwise generate revenue; minimize land fill requirement and negative impact on the environment. The proposed optimized solution utilizing scientific techniques (like mathematical

modeling, optimization algorithms and GIS) as decision support tools enhances the technical & institutional efficiency leading towards a more sustainable waste management system through incorporating:

• Improved collection mechanisms through optimized transportation / routing and,• Resource recovery through incineration and selection of most feasible sites for transfer

stations, landfills and incineration plant.These proposed methods shift the linear waste management system towards a cyclic system and can also be used as a decision support tool by the WSSP (Water and Sanitation Services Peshawar), agency responsible for the MSWM in Peshawar.

AWT-04BIOLEACHING OF METALS FROM LOW GRADE ORES

Sadia Ilyas*, Jae-chun Lee**, Haq Nawaz Bhatti*, Jeaong soo Sohn** and Ayesha Riaz**Environmental and Material Chemistry Laboratory,

Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan**Mineral resource research division,

Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral resources (KIGAM), Daejeon, Republic of Korea

sadiailyas1@yahoo.com, sadia.ilyas@uaf.edu.pk

ABSTRACTPresent study investigates the bioleaching feasibility of metals from low grade complex sulfide ore. Experiments were conducted with adapted consortium of Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans and Thermoplasm acidophilum in batch bioreactors (2.0 L), small columns (12 kg ore load, 5% Sº sludge) and large columns (80 kg ore load, 12% Sº sludge). Approximately 83% Ni, 88% Cu, 55 % Fe and 83 % Zn were leached out in bioreactor in batch mode while 93% Ni, 89% Zn, 81% Cu and 65% Fe were leached out in column reactors. Bioleaching efficiency of metals improved by acid pre-leaching, adaptation of microbial consortium on the ore and periodic bleeding of effluents.

AWT-09

ECOTOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF ARSENIC USING BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF EUGLENA GRACILIS AS ENDPOINTS

1Sidra Tahira, 1Samrana Zahir, 2MK Daud, 1Waheed Murad, 2Noor Muhammad, 1Azizullah Azizullah

1Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat2Department of Biotechnology and GE, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat

azizswabi@hotmail.com

ABSTRACTArsenic (As) is a ubiquitous element and a serious environmental pollutant of water. In drinking water, As causes severe health problems even if it is present in very low concentration. As may also cause serious ecotoxicological effects by impairing different metabolic activities in aquatic organisms. Euglena gracilis is a unicellular freshwater flagellate and is considered very sensitive to environmental pollutants. However, no systematic study has ever been conducted on the toxicity of As toEuglena gracilis. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess the effect of As on the biochemical parameters of Euglena gracilis. The culture of Euglena gracilis were grown at different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10mg/L) of As and the effect on various biochemical characteristics was assessed after seven days of growth. A significant inhibitory effects on photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and total carotenoid) and total soluble sugar was observed, but an increase in total protein contents was shown. The obtained results for ROS species (H2O2, MDA) and antioxidant enzymes (CAT and POD)indicate

that As induced toxicity in Euglena gracilis might be due to oxidative stress.It can be concluded from present investigation that the presence of As in water can be a threat to aquatic producers like algae.

AWT-10BIODEGRADATION OF CHLORPYRIFOS IN SEQUENCING BATCH

REACTOR AT DIFFERENT HYDRAULIC RETENTION TIMES

Saira Khalid a,b , Imran Hashmia, Jong-In Hanb

a Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering,

National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology,

(KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, South Koreasaira @iese.nust.edu.pk , sayraraja@yahoo.com )

ABSTRACTWastewater from agrochemical industries contains pesticides and their residues. Among organophosphate pesticide Chlorpyrifos (CP) is known to be toxic for mammals. Therefore its removal from contaminated environment has achieved researcher’s attention. Objective of the current study was to isolate CP degrading bacterial strain and evaluate its degradation potential. For isolation MSM (pH 7) was inoculated with 10 ml of wastewater sample collected from wastewater drain of NUST, Pakistan. Bacterial strain was purified and analyzed for CP degradation ability. Efficient strain SRK2 was identified as Serratia marcescens using 16S rRNA nucleotide sequence analysis. MSM amended with CP 100 mg/L was fed to sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and inoculated with SRK2 (10% v/v) at inoculum density of 0.5 at 600nm. GC-ECD was used for analysis of remaining CP concentration in samples. Performance efficiency of SBR for CP removal was evaluated by varying hydraulic retention time (HRT) (24, 48, 72, and 96 h). At HRT 24 h longer lag phase was observed and couldn’t achieve significant CP removal. However complete removal was achieved at 96hours HRT. At short HRT accumulation of 3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), a metabolite, affect efficiency of batch system. Study suggests bioaugmentation of pesticide industry wastewater with Serratia sp. for complete CP removal.

AWT-11PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF PHYTOREMEDIATION PLANT

INSTALLED AT NUST

Maham Ayesha, Abeerha shahid, Owais mohidin and Imran Hashmi1

Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE)School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE)

1National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST)Sector H-12 Islamabad, Pakistan

imranhashmi@iese.nust.edu.pk; hashmi71@gmail.com

ABSTRACTDischarge of untreated wastewater is responsible for water quality deterioration. It is essential to treat wastewater in order to curtail the environmental risks. Phytoremediation has been recently emerged as competent technology for wastewater treatment because of its low cost, ease operation, maintenance and generally good performance. Given the practical application and simplicity of the technology, phytoremediation of wastewater is highly applicable based on the competency of plants to reduce

hazardous impacts. This study evaluated the performance efficiency of a constructed wetland sited at National University of science and technology (NUST), Islamabad. Data collected was for duration of three moths from September 2014 to November 2014. Selected hydrophytes for wastewater treatment were fairly efficient in scavenging Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Phosphates (TP), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), PH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Temperature and Fecal and Total coliforms. Results should potential of aquatic macrophytes for wastewater treatment. This study is expected to add more understanding for phytoremediation in engineered wetland systems, and establish an effective framework for future applications.

AWT-15WORKING EFFICIENCY OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITY IN

HAYATABAD INDUSTRIAL ESTATES, PESHAWAR, PAKISTANSaeed Rehman1, Mohammad Nafees2 and Muhammad Adnan3

1Department of Environmental Sciences, Comsats Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan

2, 3Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Pakistan

SaeedRehman@ciit.net.pk, Nafees36@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The analysis and treatment of industrial wastewater is integral part of water recycling and reusing. The study shows an assessment of treatment facility of Hayatabad Industrial Estate, Peshawar, Pakistan. The facility is established on the main drain of the industrial estate to overcome the organic and inorganic load generated. The wastewater samples were collected from inlet and outlet of the facility from June 2012 to November 2012. The study showed that competency of the facility is extremely poor with respect to reduction in biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS) and total dissolved solids (TDS). The elimination efficiency of TDS, TSS, BOD, COD, was 0.12%, 0.34%, 1.69%, and 0.44% respectively. The efficiency was in order of BOD>COD>TSS>TDS. The results of the study showed that the wastewater is polluted with solids and organic matter and the facility has least control on pollution reduction. The values were compared with NEQs, which concluded that the treatment facility is unable to reduce contaminant load. However, different modifications of advanced treatment could be proposed, which can improve its efficiency, and minimize the pollution load.

AWT-21POTENTIAL OF INDIRECT DETERMINATION OF ANIONS IN POLLUTED

WATER SAMPLES USING FLAME ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETER

1Asmaa Bibi, 2Fozia Batool, 2Abida Malik 2Sobia Noureen 2Tasleem Akhtar 3Muhammad Mustaqeem

2Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100 Pakistan1Govt. Degree College Bhalwal, Sargodha 40100 Pakistan

3Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Bhakar Campus, Bhakar, Pakistanasmaayyjazz111@gmail.com

ABSTRACTIn this work an attempt is made to check the concentration of inorganic anions in water by indirect determination using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Anions were made to react with some metal cations solution in excess, with which they form precipitates. These precipitates are filtered and filtrate was run on FAAS for determination of excess of metals which remain unreacted in filtrate. From amount of these unreacted metals we can determined amount of metal used to react with anion. This amount which is used to react with anions is directly related with concentration of anions in water. So by

determining amount of metal in filtrate using FAAS we can indirectly determine amount of anions in water. This method was applied on Tube well water, Canal water and Tap water also.

AWT-25STUDIES ON PEANUT (ARACHIS HYPOGEAE) HUSK FOR REMOVAL OF

BROMOPHENOL BLUE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION EMPLOYING UV/VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETER

Taslim Akhtar*, Fozia Batool, Shahid Iqbal, Ilyas TariqDepartment of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan

bintezainab3@gmail.com

ABSTRACTIn current study we have endeavored to remove Bromophenol Blue from aqueous media by employing fruit shell sorbent Arachis hypogeae husk using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. Effects of various physiochemical parameters such as pH, concentration of sorbate, sorbent dose and contact time were premeditated. The influence of chemical (nitric acid, distilled water and EDTA) and thermal treatment of Arachis hypogeae husk were also monitored. pH was assorted from 1-10 whilst amount of sorbent varied from 1-6 g. Contact time was diverse from 0-17940 minutes and temperature was speckled from 100-800 °C. Percentage sorption on Arachis hypogeae husk was anticipated. Estimation of lipid, protein and metals in Arachis hypogeae husk was conducted. Sorption potential of chemically treated Arachis hypogeae husk for removal of Bromophenol Blue from aqueous media was found to be best. Sorption was found 99.00 % at pH 5 having 4 g sorbent with contact time 300 minutes at 50 rpm at room temperature. The consequences indicated that Arachis hypogeae husk is a potentially cost effective and gorgeous candidate for removing dyes from wastewater.

AWT-27USE OF COTTON STICKS AGRI-WASTE AS TRICKLING FILTER BIOFILM

SUPPORT MEDIUM FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT

Mian M. Ahson Aslam*, Zahid Mahmood-Khan, Imran Ali, Hafiz Umar Farid, Muhammad Arsalan, Maqbool Ahmad

Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, BZU Multan, Pakistan

*ahson17@gmail.com, zahidmk@bzu.edu.pk, engrimran56@gmail.com, engrarsalanchaudhary@yahoo.com, farid_vjr@yahoo.com, engr.maqboolahmad@yahoo.com

ABSTRACTWastewater disposal into natural receiving streams without proper treatment is causing unfavourable conditions for human and aquatic life in Pakistan. Only about 6% of the generated wastewaters receive some level of treatment before disposal into our receiving environment. So, there is a dire need to develop relatively cost effective, environmental friendly and reliable wastewater treatment systems using indigenous materials if possible. Therefore, a relatively low cost and operationally effective trickling filter (TF) wastewater treatment system was developed using farm waste cotton sticks as biofilm support media. The developed TF system was tested at four different flow rates 1.7, 2.6, 3.8 and 4.6m 3/hr. The performance evaluation of the system in this study indicated 75, 72, 70 and 71% removal of BOD (biological oxygen demand) and 80, 75, 73 and 70% removal of COD (Chemical oxygen demand) respectively at each of the four flow rates tested. About 47.45±5.30 % of TSS (total suspended solids) and 27.24±4.30% of TDS (total dissolved solids) removal was also observed in about 15 minutes of residence time. Four to five months trouble free operation of the developed TF system indicated systems` robustness and reliability. The TF system can be used for reducing contaminant strengths and assist in achieving the goals of safe disposal and reuse of our wastewaters in agriculture. Cotton sticks appeared to be a degradation resistant alternate TF material with high specific surface area and sufficient void ratio

(required for maintaining healthy aerobic environment) ensuring longer media life for sustained operation of the system. Such simple treatment systems can be easily used by small farming communities in Pakistan.

AWT-28MAIZE COB TRICKLING FILTER (MCTF) WATEWATER TREATMENT

SYSTEM PERFORMANCE VARIATION-II

Muhammad Arsalan*, Zahid Mahmood Khan, Imran Ali, Hafiz Umar Farid, Mian M. AhsonAslam, Maqbool Ahmad

Department of Agricultural Engineering Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology (FAST), BZU Multan Pakistan

*engrarsalanchaudhary@yahoo.com, zahidmk@bzu.edu.pk, engrimran56@gmail.com, farid_vjr@yahoo.com, ahson17@gmail.com, engr.maqboolahmad@yahoo.com

ABSTRACTThe need of wastewater (WW) treatment is increasing in Pakistan because of increasing generation and disposal of untreated WW that subsequently increase the potential impacts on the health of community and environment. Thus, alternate treatment methods and technologies, using indigenous materials, are required for limiting the costs of design, installation and operation of WW treatment systems in the country. Such a WW treatment system was previously developed at the Department of Agricultural Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan. The developed Trickling Filter treatment system used indigenous agri-waste material as TF media and was named Maize Cobs Trickling Filter (MCTF). The present study continued to evaluate the performance variation of the MCTF after re-filling the system with new maize-cob TF support media. The MCTF system was operated at hydraulic loadings relating to field flow rates varying from 50 to 132m3/day. The achieved BOD (biological oxygen demand) removal was 74-84% and COD (chemical oxygen demand) 72-83%. The observed solids removal included 50 ± 4% TSS (total suspended solids), 37 ±5% TDS (total dissolved solids) and 49 ± 4% turbidity. The MCTF proved to be a promising and innovative wastewater treatment technology that is adoptable for relatively safe disposal and reuse of treated wastewater at the farm level in a country facing constraints like Pakistan.

AWT-29

Use of Agricultural Waste-Gardenia Jasminoides Leaves for Removing Textile Dye-Amaranth from water in Cost Effective Manner

Rabia Rehman and Farah Kanwal*Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan

farahkchem@yahoo.com

ABSTRACTAgricultural solid waste namely Gardenia jasminoides plant leaves was used for removing an anionic textile dye namely Amaranth from synthetic waste-water. In order to enhance adsorption capacity of Gardenia jasminoides leaves, it was treated with acid and base separately and comparative adsorption studies were carried out for determining effectiveness of chemical modification in terms of sorption capacity on batch scale. Chemisorption occurred during removal of dye by adsorption as indicated by Langmuir model applicability and maximum sorption capacities were 5.24 mg/g, which is increased after acid treatment to 24.45 mg/g and decreased by base treatment to 3.14 mg/g. Results showed that acid modification of Gardenia jasminoides leaves is more appropriate for adsorptive removal of Amaranth dye in cost effective manner.

AWT-30KINETIC AND EQUILIBRIUM MODELING FOR BIOSORPTION OF LEAD

(II) BY CHEMICALLY MODIFIED COTTON LEAVES BIOMASS

Muhammad Riaz1*, Raziya Nadeem2, Rabia Riaz1, A. R.A. Alias1, Mehar-Un-Nisa1

1Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Women Campus Faisalabad, Pakistan2Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan

riaz_453@yahoo.com

ABSTRACTBiosorption Pb(II) on chemically pretreated G. hirsutum (cotton) leaves waste biomass was investigated in the present study. The Pb (II) sorption was found dependent on solution pH, initial Pb (II) concentration, temperature and contact time. The chemical pretreatment of biomass resulted in significant enhancement and reduction in sorption capacity depending on the nature of pretreatment. Results revealed that chemical modifications of G. hirsutum (cotton) leaves waste biomass with alkali, inorganic salts, organic salts and organic solvents enhanced the adsorption capacity, while acidic pretreatments caused reduction in adsorption capacity. The sorption data was fitted well to Langmuir isotherm and kinetic data to pseudo second order model, due to higher value of correlation coefficient (R2). The effect of contact time showed that sorption of Pb (II) occurred rapidly within first 30 minutes followed by slow adsorption till equilibrium. Present research work illustrated an effective and economical biosorbent for the removal of toxic heavy metals from aqueous solutions.

AWT-31 LOW-COST PRE-TREATMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL WASTEWATER

A. Abu-Safa, S. Abu-Salah, Ahmad J. Abu-Safa and Salah A. Abu-Salah

Royal Scientific Society / Water and Environment Center, Amman-Jordanahmad.abusafa@rss.jo, salah.abusalah@rss.jo

ABSTRACTPharmaceutical industries and effluents of sewage treatment plants are the main sources of residual pharmaceuticals in water resources. These emergent pollutants may adversely impact the biophysical environment. Pharmaceutical industries often generate wastewater that changes in characteristics and quantity depending on the used manufacturing processes.Carbamazepine (CBZ),{5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine-5-carboxamide, (C15H12N2O)}, is a significant non-biodegradable pharmaceutical contaminant in the Jordanian pharmaceutical wastewater, which is not removed by the activated sludge processes in treatment plants. Activated carbon may potentially remove that pollutant from effluents, but the high cost involved suggests that more attention should be given to the potential use of low-cost materials in order to reduce cost and environmental contamination. Powders of Jordanian non-metallic raw materials namely, Azraq Bentonite (AB), Kaolinite (K), and Zeolite (Zeo) were activated (acid and thermal treatment) and evaluated by removing CBZ.The results of batch and column techniques experiments showed around 46% and 67% removal of CBZ respectively.

GREEN TECHNOLOGY AND ALTERNATE ENERGY

BAE-02Assessment of Run-of-River Hydropower Potential of Kunhar River using

Geospatial TechniquesMajid Khan and Arjumand Z. Zaidi

Department of Remote Sensing and Geo-information ScienceInstitute of Space Technology, Karachi, Pakistan

mk_swati@yahoo.com, arjumand.zaidi@ist.edu.pk

ABSTRACTEnergy crisis has emerged as a serious issue all over the world in recent years. Pakistan is facing a similar crisis that has resulted in frequent power failures and load shedding throughout the country for past several years. The utilization of renewable energy resources may help reducing fossil fuel dependency of the country for power generation. There are various renewable energy options for Pakistan including solar, wind and hydropower. The objective of this study is to develop an approach that can be used to assess the run-of-river hydropower potential of Kunhar River using geospatial data and techniques. Kunhar River is a tributary of Jhelum River located in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Satellite data used in this study include ASTER Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Flow data are acquired from regional hydrologic gauges. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) tools are used for processing the satellite images, delineation of watershed and stream network, and identification of potential sites for hydropower projects. This study will aid decision-makers in the energy sector to optimize the available resources in selecting the suitable sites for small hydropower plants with high power potential. The proposed approach can further be utilized to assess an overall hydropower potential of the country.

BAE-03Dynamic Wind flow modelling – a step towards green energy in pakistan

Tanvir Ahmad1, Nasir Ahmad2 and Yaseen Ahmad3

Department of Computer Systems Engineering (DCSE),University of Engineering & Technology (UET) Peshawar, Pakistan

tanvir.ahmad@yahoo.com1, n.ahmad@nwfpuet.edu.pk2, engr.yaseen84@yahoo.com3

ABSTRACTPakistan is currently facing a huge energy crisis. At the same time, the use of conventional energy sources has increased the pollution level in many cities. Wind energy can play an important role in diminishing the energy crisis and reducing pollution levels. In this regard, this research work is aimed at discussing the potential of wind energy in Pakistan and how to assess the feasibility of different sites for wind energy systems. First potential of wind energy systems in Pakistan is presented. Then an analytical wind flow model is presented which can be used for initial feasibility studies of potential wind farm sites. The Jensen model is modified using an analytical turbulence model for getting accurate results. The modified wind flow model is simulated with an artificial wind farm array. Results are benchmarked against WindPro software. In most of the cases, the modified model produced almost the same results as WindPro.

BAE-07

BIOGAS: AN ENERGY OPTIONS FOR 1000 ACRE AGRICULTURE FARMMuhammad Ghaffar Doggar and *Iftikhar A Raja

Energy Research CentreCOMSATS Institute of Information Technology

Lahore, Pakistan

*Department of Environmental SciencesCOMSATS Institute of Information Technology

Abbottabad, Pakistaniaraja@ciit.net.pk, iaraja47@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT Energy plays a central role in the development of economy. Like many developing economies Pakistan has acute shortage of energy and heavily dependent on import of oil. The indigenous energy resources are poor and cannot meet the total demand of energy. There is huge shortfall (6000MW+) in power generation which have led to introduction of load shedding program @ 10-20 hours per day, hampering all the developmental activities, especially operation of agriculture tube-wells. Agriculture is the main stay of the country’s economy and th. Renewable energy resources having great potential can be exploited to solve the energy crises in agriculture farmer is need to look for all energy options. The study conducted to explore energy options for an agriculture farm comprising of 1000 acre shows substantial savings in commercial fuels especially if biogas alone is applied for Tubewells operation. The farmers can benefit of biogas and solar are applied in specific recommended areas at farm level.

BGT-02SYNTHESIS OF SURFACE ENGINEERED MAGNETIC NANO-PARTICLES

AND ITS APPLICATION FOR REMOVAL OF CU (II) FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION

*Raziya Nadeem, Nabia Fatima, Saba Jamil, Hazafa Zafar, Madiha Rafiq and 1Tahira IqbalDepartment of Chemistry,University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.

raziyaanalyst@yahoo.com, nabihafatima92@yahoo.com, hazafachemist@yahoo.com, madiharafiq600@yahoo.com

ABSTRACTIn modern decades, a range of environmental challenges have been alleviated as a result of increase in nanotechnology as well as nanomaterials progress. Nanoparticles are sucessfully used in environmental applications and have absolutely shown guaranteeing efficiency in throughout pollutant removal or perhaps toxicity minimization. In this particular review, poly glutamic acid covered Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles have been efficiently synthesised using the co-precipitation method. Fe3O4 MNPs have been prepared in addition for comparison. For removal of Cu (II) from water, the effectiveness of these modified nanoparticles has been investigated as a function of contact time, pH and initial metal concentration, resulted that adsorption capacity is greatly assosiated of pH which occurs either by electrostatic interaction and/or making chelate complexes. Equillibrium facts disclosed the increasing outcomes as growing metal concentration and the sorption facts seemed to be effectively spelled out by Freundlich isotherm model for Cu(II) at optimum pH values of 5. The adsorption procedure, which approaches equilibrium in 30 minutes and with large correlation value (R2= 0.999) fits a pseudo second-order model. Moreover, these kinds of nanoadsorbents can be utilized as highly competent separable materials for exclusion of poisonous metal ions.

BGT-06A SIMPLE DESIGN AND INSTLATION OF BIOGAS PLANT IN KPK

PAKISTAN

Shabir Wazir and Iftikhar A Raja*REON Energy Solution,

Lahore, Pakistan*Department of Environmental Sciences

COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyAbbottabad, Pakistan

iaraja@ciit.net.pk, iaraja47@hotmail.com

ABSRACTDespite rich in natural resources there are limited developments, in Pakistan, Majority of the population, particularly those living in rural areas are without basic necessities of life. Gas and electricity load-shedding exceeds 5-10 hours daily, municipal waste mismanagement and poor drainage systems have turned into health hazard. Unless we address the various issues, particularly in present situation to look for all possible energy options to meet the energy requirements, replacing the fossil fuels with alternate energy sources and management of organic waste prudently and seriously we are doomed to disaster. Anaerobic digestion, a simple technology, provides a solution – using organic waste as a source of for the biogas production. Biogas is clean, regenerative and sustainable energy sources. Various have been developed by different countries on the basis of their requirement. Two designs - fixed dome and floating drum are most commonly used. This paper eviews the biogas plants installed by Pakistan Dairy Development Company in the last few years in different areas of Pakistan, particularly in Khyber Pakhtonkhwa and Punjab provinces, and found that fixed dome is preferred over floating drum.

BGT-09

SUSTAINABLE AND RENEWABLE ENERGY APPLICATIONS FOR COMSATS INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ISLAMABAD

CAMPUS

Adnan Amin and Iftikhar A Raja1

Department of Architecture,COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad

1Department of Environmental SciencesCOMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad

architectadnan@hotmail.com, iaraja@ciit.net.pk

ABSTRACTApplication of renewable energy generation initiatives is energy-efficient and sustainable. These initiatives and solutions are helpful to generate additional energy at the master plan level. The scope of research encompasses the COMSATS campus in Islamabad. In depth study and research is done to highlight the significance of application of green design solutions. The project focuses on different modes of renewable energy sources availability for generation and energy conservation by applying appropriate green and sustainable techniques. At the same time suggestions have been made to generate additional energy through renewable sources and by application of latest technology.

BGT-11STUDY OF NANO-STRUCTURED HYDROPHOBIC SILICA MEMBRANE

FOR SEPARATION OF H2/CO2 MIXTURE

Sajid H. Shah, Yoshimitsu Uemura*, Suzana Yusup*, Katsuki Kusakabe**Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,

University Road, Tobe Camp, Abbottabad, Pakistan* Centre of Biofuel and Biochemical Research / Bio-hydrogen Research,

Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia** Department of Nanoscience, Faculty of Engineering, Sojo University, Japan

sajidutp@gmail.com

ABSTRACTWe report the properties of an organically linked hydrophobic silica membrane. The membrane was prepared by sol-gel technique on a porous α–Al2O3 tubular support with zirconia as an intermediate layer. Bistriethoxysilylethane (BTESE) derived sol was modified by adding phenyltriethoxysilylethane (PhTES) as an organic template. Contact angle with water droplet increased from 37o for pure to 111.5o

for modified membrane. Intensity of adsorbed water decreased significantly due to the incorporation of phenyl groups in silica matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis together with contact angle measurement and FT–IR showed that hydrophobicity properties were improved by increasing the contents of PhTES.

BGT-12BIOGAS PRODUCTION: THE FUNDAMENTAL PROCESSES

Iftikhar A Raja and Shabir Wazir*

Department of Environmental SciencesCOMSATS Institute of Information Technology

Abbottabad, Pakistan

iaraja@ciit.net.pk* REON Energy Solution, Lahore, Pakistan

, iaraja47@hotmail.com

ABSTRACTBiogas as and energy source is booming in the world energy markets, more professional, new high technology with improved efficiency plants. The plants in operation today have less than 38 percent. While based on ongoing research and development in this field smart biogas plants will be in operation soon. For this the process control, sensing, instrumentation and automation is an important part with high growth and innovations. A smart biogas plant today is a plant using various input materials, separate CO 2

and methane get two gases in high purity and energy storage at the plant. The plant cost of course depends on size and instrumentation. The study explains the fundamental processes basic technology used in production of biogas.

KEY WORDS: Bioenergy, biomass, biogass, anaerobic digestion, climate changes,

ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING, MANAGEMENT AND POLICIES

CEP-01

ASSESSMENT OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH UTILIZATION FOR NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE FIELD OF ENVIRONMENT

Jagul Huma Lashari, Arabella Bhutto*, Roshan S. Shah Rashdi, Qazi M. Moinuddin AbroMehran University Institute of Science,

Technology & Development, Jamshoro, Pakistanhuma.lashari@yahoo.com

ABSTRACTLast few years has shown increased interest of researchers in knowledge and technology transfer. However facts show poor utilization of research into practice. This article focuses on assessment of academic research produced by highly qualified academicians working in universities in Sindh offering degrees in field of Environmental Sciences and Environmental Engineering. The article presents a methodology for assessment of academic research utilization for national development based on various criteria including purpose of research, funding bodies of research, relevancy of research with environmental issues, development mode of research, end users of research, mediator source for research utilization and intellectual property rights for research. This research is based on analysis of semi-structured interviews by using case study approach. Findings show that researchers have produced and published papers at larger number but very few of academic research have been utilized for national development. Academic research has been utilized by different national & international organizations (EPA, IUCN, WWF, SIDA, KDA). The research is utilized in the form of PhD thesis reports and other project reports funded by HEC, Universities and other national and international organizations. The outcomes of research utilization are either in form of new developed processes, services or policy guidelines under protection of copyrights. The findings also revealed co-operation of academicians with other stakeholders. However, none of the research has been utilized in the development of new Product or new technology under protection of industrial designs or patents.

CEP-02ENFORCEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION: THE ROLE OF

ENVIRONMENTAL TRIBUNAL IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

Shazia Pervaiz, Tahira Aziz Mughal* and Azhar Hameed*Environmental Science Department, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore-

*Computer Science Department, Government Shalimar College for Boys, Baghbanpura Lahore-shaziapervaiz@gmail.com, drtahiramughal@gmail.com, prof.azharhameed@gmail.com

ABSTRACTEconomic pressures, rapid development, unplanned human activities, urbanization and expansion of unplanned industries are the major reasons to degrade and pollute the environment rapidly. After 18 th

Constitutional Amendment environmental protection has become a Provincial subject. Consequently Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA) 1997 was amended in 2012 in the light of the 18 th

amendment and its nomenclature has been changed and is now called the Punjab Environmental Protection Act (PEPA). The environment related laws are also being enforced through the Environmental Tribunal under Section 20 of the Act. The rationale of the article is to identify, evaluate and articulate the current practices and trends of the Punjab Environmental Tribunal towards enforcement of environmental laws and to stop illegal activities throughout the province. Environmental protection is a significant step towards sustainable development and helpful to maintain balance between development and the environment. This study is based on literature review, Environmental Tribunal Rules, 2012 and the secondary data of filed, decided cases and the landmark judgments of Environmental Tribunal, Punjab. For the analysis data linear correlation model is used. The findings of study show that Environmental Tribunal, Punjab decided maximum cases in 2013 and provided guidelines for various

industries to control and mitigate environmental pollution. The results of study also show the sharp decline in progress of Environmental Tribunal in 2014 due to its non-operational status.

CEM-02HISTOMORPHIC FOLIAR ADATATIONS OF GRASSES IN CHOLISTAN

DESERT-PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

Khawaja Asad Abbas1, 3, Khizar Hayat Bhatti2*, Sadaf Zahra3 and Amin Shah4

1Deaprtment of Botany, Sadiq Egerton College, Bahawalpur-63100, Pakistan.2*Department of Botany, Institute of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Gujrat, Gujrat-

50700, Pakistan3Department of Life Sciences, Islamia University, Bahawalpur-63100, Pakistan

4Dpartment of Biological Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100, Pakistankhizar.hayat@uog.edu.pk

ABSTRACTLeaf epidermis is very important taxonomic character of grasses family Poaceae. The currents study was carried out to tag six grass species of Aeluropus lagopoides Linn. Cenchrus ciliaris Linn. Ochthochloa compressa, Cenchrus setigerus Vahl, Cymbopogon jawarancusa (Jones) Schult. and Lasiurus scindicus Henr. in the drought hit areas of Cholistan Desert, Pakistan. All the grasses were collected from various locations/habitats of Cholistan. Both abaxial and adaxial epidermal surfaces were examined for each representative species to determine the patterns of variation in epidermal characteristics for species identification, classification, and exploring taxonomic relationship among the species. The parameters of study were the frequency, shape, and distribution of silica bodies, short cells, and prickles including long cells morphology. Data regarding abaxial and adaxial epidermis examination revealed the differences in anatomical features among the selected under prevailing drought stress. Generally, isodiametric small cells with undulate/sinuous anticlinal walls, silica bodies of variable shape viz., round, elliptical and/or elongated. However, stomata were commonly found around intercostals with dome-shaped subsidiary cells being in the plants. Nonetheless, elongated cells in all the species studied were found with undulated and thickened anticlinal walls. While, periclinal walls were relatively flat with variable morphology and distribution and frequency of silica bodies were uneven. Based on data, it may be concluded that length and width of silica bodies, prickle hairs, small and large cells, width of costal and intercostals zone, number of the zones and stomata size, number and types are very important diagnostic anatomical features of grasses’ study under drought conditions.

AGRICULTURE SYSTEM: FOOD SECURITY AND ENVIRONMENT

DAE-01PLANT FUNGAL PATHOGENS A THREAT FOR ENVIRONMENT AND ITS

CONTROL THROUGH FUNGICIDESSundus Akhtar.* and Muhammad Jarrar Ahmed**

Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. drsundusiags@gmail.com*, gsaepak@gmail.com**

ABSTRACTSoil borne fungi can reduce the yield and quality in vegetable crops. In the present study the diseased samples of tomato plant i.e., root, shoot and soil were collected from the field near Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab Lahore. Different fungi like Penicillium spp., Mucor, Alternaria alternata, Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum were isolated from the root, shoot and soil sample. The isolated fungi was further control by applying copper oxychloride at different level i.e., 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%. The results revealed that Fusarium oxysporum was acting as pathogenic fungi in the field and causing wilt symptoms in plants. While, the higher doses of copper oxychloride showed significant reduction in each fungal growth. Further studies are required to check the impact of copper oxychloride on the growth of tomato plant.

DAE-02RISK ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTION FOR WHEAT PLANT

AND ITS MITIGATION THROUGH BIO-CONTROL

Muhammad Jarrar* Ahmed and Sundus Akhtar**

Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. gsaepak@gmail.com, drsundusiags@gmail.com

ABSTRACTHeavy metals known to be accumulated in plants adversely affect human health. The present study aims to control the heavy metal pollution in soil and to enhance the plant growth by compost and Trichoderma harzianum. Sehar variety of wheat was selected for this study. Experiment was organized in completely randomized design in different sets i.e., 1st set received only inoculum of T. harzianum (TH), 2nd set of treatment received 10 ppm of Mg and Zn alone, 3rd set received Zn/Mg + compost + TH and 4 th set was incurred by C + TH. While control treatment contained compost only. The experiment was conducted in growth room at 25°C with 16h photoperiod. Results revealed that metal alone (Mg and Zn) showed the drastic effect on plant growth. Both the metals significantly inhibit the growth of wheat plant. While, the polygonal interaction of compost-metal-fungi-plant showed significant increase in plant shoot, root length and biomass as compared to other treatments. The growth trend was found as: Compost + Zn/ Mg + TH > Compost + TH > Compost + Zn + Mg > Compost + Zn/ Mg. The result revealed that both the bio-control (Compost and TH) could be used to control the heavy metal pollution in soil.

DAE-06EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE DURING GRAIN FILLING ON RUMEN

STARCH DEGRADATION OF MAIZE KERNELS DIFFERING IN AMYLOSE AND AMYLOPECTIN CONTENT AT TWO MATURITY STAGES

M. Alia, b,c, Hafiz Muhammad Rashad Javeedc, J.W. Coneb, W.H. Hendriksb, P.C. Struika

a Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands

b Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.

c COMSATS Institute of Information technology, Vehari, Punjab, Pakistanrashadagri@gmail.com

ABSTRACT Starch is the major component of maize kernels, contributing significantly to the feeding value of forage maize when fed to ruminants. The effects of genotype, climatic conditions and maturity stage on starch content in the kernels and on in vitro starch degradability in rumen fluid were investigated. Kernels of two maize genotypes, differing in amylose and amylopectin contents grown under three contrasting day/night temperature regimes during grain filling and harvested at different maturity stages from two greenhouse experiments were investigated. Starch content was measured using an enzymatic method and the gas production technique was used to assess starch degradation in rumen fluid of dairy cows. The extent of starch degradation at different incubation times (6, 12 and 20 h) was calculated from measured gas production data (6, 12 and 20 h, respectively) and a published equation. Gas production (ml gas/g organic matter) showed a positive linear relationship with starch content in the kernels up to a certain level of starch accumulation. At each maturity stage, whole kernel and starch degradation in rumen fluid depended on the genotype (P<0.0001), growing conditions (P<0.0001), and starch content (P<0.0001) and starch amount (P<0.0001) in the kernels. While starch content increased with advancing maturity, starch degradation similarly increased up to a certain level of starch content. In vitro starch degradation of the maize kernels in rumen fluid was affected by the starch composition, e.g. amylose and amylopectin content. Starch degradation was inversely related to the amylose content. Higher starch degradation was observed in the waxy (Amylopectin with no amylose). The highest starch degradation was observed when plants were grown at intermediate temperatures in both experiments. The difference in starch degradability of each genotype at the same accumulated thermal time, i.e. maturity stage, was due to differences in grain filling rate, caused by the different temperature regimes. This effect of genotype and climatic conditions was consistent for all incubation times (P<0.0001). Rumen in vitro starch degradation is significantly influenced by genotypic, differences in starch content of the maize kernels and their growing conditions.

DAE-10

CORRELATING PLANTS IMPORTANCE VALUES WITH ITS USE VALUE TO ASSESS SUSTAINABLE USE OF THE WESTERN HIMALAYAS’

VEGETATION; A METHOD DEVELOPMENT

Shujaul M Khan1,2,*, Habib Ahmad3, Sue Page4, Inayat Ur Rahman1 & Shamyla Nawazish5, David Harper 6

1Department of Botany Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan2, *Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan

3Department of Genetics Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan4Department of Geography University of Leicester, UK

5Department of Environmental Sciences,COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Abbottabad, Pakistan

6Department of Biology University of Leicester, UKshuja60@gmail.com

ABSTRACTThe Western Himalayas support high biodiversity and are home to pastoralists, who employ traditional ecological knowledge to utilise a range of plant resources. They derive essential goods from nature, yet linkages between biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being are poorly understood. The Naran Valley occupies a distinctive geographical and geological setting on the edge of the Western Himalaya near the Hindu Kush and Karakorum ranges. There have been no previous botanical or environmental studies in this region. This study was undertaken to quantify the vegetation ecosystem services and the anthropogenic pressures on them. Phytosociological attributes of species like density, cover and frequency were measured alongside environmental variables. Abundance in terms of Importance Values (IV) from field data were calculated for total of 198 species from 68 families at 144 stations along 24 transects across an elevation range of 2450-4400 m. Questionnaires data collected through social surveys provided information on indigenous knowledge of local plant resources. Use Values (UV) for all species were calculated and the IV and UV data were brought together in their analyses to understand vegetation ecosystem service values. Integration of data sets gave residual and predicted values of use and revealed that 93 species (50.8% of the total species) had residual values

greater than the standard deviation, signifying they are overused by the inhabitants in the project area. Most of these species were highly faithful to specific habitats with a continuous population decrease according to trend mentioned by indigenous people. The results contribute to an enhanced understanding of (i) plant diversity management in the Western Himalaya, (ii) anthropogenic influences on plant resources; (iii) local and regional plant conservation priorities.

DAE-11GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS OF LEAF RUST ON WHEAT CROP IN JHELUM

DISTRICT

Maria Neelam, Shazia Iftikhar and Sheikh Saeed Ahmad*Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University

The Mall, Rawalpindi*drsaeed@fjwu.edu.pk, marianeelam35@gmail.com

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to assess the past and present damaging effects of leaf rust disease on wheat crop through Geographic information system tools. Wheat is the main cereal crop that is grown in Jhelum district on both irrigated and non-irrigated lands. This study focused on Jhelum district comparing the disease incidence data of leaf rust for last six years (2010-2015). Variation in Climatic Data including Temperature, precipitation and humidity were analyzed for past six years because these variations are responsible for development of leaf rust disease in selected regions. Standard deviational ellipses showed the extent of variation of disease exhibiting the directional trend for past six years. The results demonstrated in the form of graphs showed shift of diseases from one region to another depending on the climatic variation. In contrast to previous year, Leaf rust is more prevalent in Jhelum district. This study provided the information about spread and shift of leaf rust in Jhelum district through broad spectrum of geospatial analysis that result in real time visualization and predictive analysis. Leaf Rust is becoming more prevalent so the wheat varieties resistant against leaf rust needs to be cultivated. Fungicides are also need to be used against development of rust that will ultimately lead to high yield of wheat crop.

DAE-15ASSESSMENT OF ENDOSULFAN RESIDUES IN COTTON GROWING AREA

OF VEHARI, PAKISTAN

A. Ahmad*, M. Shahid*, H. Zaffar**, T. Naqvi**, A. Pervez**, M. Bilal**, M.S. Akhtar***, S. Khalid*, G. Abbas*, W. Nasim*

* Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, Pakistan

** Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan

*** University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Sub Campus Burewala, Pakistanashfaq6999@yahoo.com, muhammadshahid@ciitvehari.edu.pk

ABSTRACTEnvironmental contamination by endosulfan is a worldwide serious dilemma, which causes a serious threat to both ecosystem and human health. However, endosulfan persistence in soil varies with soil properties. Therefore, this field study was performed at COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Vehari to determine residues of endosulfan in Vehari soil in relation with soil physico-chemical properties. Soil samples were taken from nine sites of three tehsils of Vehari district (Vehari, Mailsi and Burewala). Soil samples were collected at three depths: 0–15 cm, 15-30 cm and 30-45 cm. Soils were analyzed for organic matter following Walkly-Black procedures. Gas chromatography–mass

spectrometry was used to analyze the concentration of alpha (α) and beta (β) endosulfan in soil. Results showed that all the soils were low in organic matter (average 0.60%; range 0.32%-0.94%). Soil concentrations of α- and β-endosulfan range 0-42 μg/mL and 0-43.9 μg/mL respectively. Two endosulfan isomers exhibited variable residual levels at different depths in different soils. Alpha endosulfan was more concentrated at upper soil layer (13.2 μg/mL in 0–15 cm), whereas β-endosulfan at greater soil depth (13.1 μg/mL in 15-30 cm). Based on the results, it is proposed that the extensive use of pesticides has resulted in significant pesticide residual pollution in top 0-30 cm soil of cotton growing fields of Vehari region, which could severely deteriorate soil ecosystem and human health.

DAE-16SPATIAL ESTIMATION OF SOIL-HERBACEOUS FLORA RELATIONSHIP

ALONG THE ROADSIDES OF WAHCANTT USING ORDINATION TECHNIQUES

Hafsa Bashir, Summra Erum, Shiekh Saeed Ahmad*, Asma JabeenDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

drsaeed@fjwu.edu.pk

ABSTRACTRoadside vegetation of WahCantt was studied to determine the relationship of herbaceous flora with the soil parameters. Floral data was collected using Braun Blanquet approach which identified 18 species of 36 families with Cynodon dactylon as the most dominant species.Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was employed for finding the correlation of selected environmental variables (Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, O.M, EC, pH) with species distribution/richness. The dominant species of Cynodon dactylon was found to be only affected by EC .Van Dobben Circles were applied to identify theresponse of floristic species against selected environmental variable and Partial ordination for variation portioning of species against every environmental factor. CCA had highlighted Zn2+ as the most influencing factor over the species distribution while Mn and O.M had no impact over species richness. Van Dobben Circle of Fe 2+

was found to be positively affecting the abundant species of Cynodon dactylon whereas no species had recorded its response against Mn and O.M. Cynodon dactylon was emerged to be least emerged species in bivariate scatter plots of partial ordination. The study highlighted the effect of selected soil parameters over herbaceous flora which would be helpful in determining limiting constraint in species distribution.

DAE-17PHYTOXICITY EVALUATION OF ATRAZINE TO HOST CROPS USING

THE MORPHOLOGICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ZEA MAYS AS END POINTS

Shagufta BiBi, AzizullahAzizullah, Robeena Akhtar,1Waheed Murad, 1Zia ur Rehman, and 1MK Daud

Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 1Department of Biotechnology and GE, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat

azizswabi@hotmail.com

ABSTRACTAtrazine is an important selective herbicide and is used worldwide in agriculture for controlling weeds in crops like maize, sorghum, sugarcane, soybeans and wheat. Maize (Zea mays L.) is the third most important cereal crop grown worldwide after wheat and rice. Like its global application, atrazine is extensively used in Pakistan to eliminate weeds from various crops including maize. It has been reported that atrazine negatively affect the non-targeted organisms in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. However, it has not been scientifically investigated before if atrazine application has adverse effect on maize or not. Therefore, the present study was proposed to evaluate the effect of atrazine on the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of maize. The present results indicated that atrazine adversely effected the growth and development of maize seedlings as

parameters like germination, seedling growth, chlorophyll contents, total soluble sugar, proline and total proteins were impaired by atrazine stress. The present investigations provide an insight in understanding the effects of atrazine on the non-target host crops. The proposed study is helpful in assessment and understanding of the adverse effects of this herbicide on cereal crops.

DAE-24PREVALENCE OF MICROORGANISMS IN RAW VEGETABLES

IRRIGATED WITH WASTEWATER

Reenum Anwar a, Imran Hashmi a*a Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE),

SCEE, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan reenum.mirxa@outlook.com, hashmi71@gmail.com

ABSTRACTRecycling and reuse of wastewater for agricultural purposes is a very sustainable approach to overcome the shortage of water. It is important to recognise the health risk associated with this approach. Domestic wastewater usually carries the full spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms. This study aimed to determine the bacterial contamination in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) irrigated with wastewater. The designated biological indicator mostly used in rules and regulations are coliforms and E. coli, indicating the occurrence of faecal contamination in wastewater. NARC certified seeds were used in the study. Seeds were sown in the pots having 500g soil and irrigated with wastewater for 3 months. Physicochemical parameters of wastewater were investigated which includes COD (225 ± 49), pH (7.6 ± 0.5), DO, EC and TSS (299 ± 113). MF technique was used for coliforms detection. Germination percentage observed was 95.5%. Vegetables were examined for bacterial contamination. Highest coliform count was shown in spinach plant roots and shoots i.e. 6.44 and 6.02 log10 CFU/g. HPC results also indicate that spinach has more bacterial count as compared to lettuce. Bacterial count of Spinach and Lettuce was 5.07 and 4.67 log10 CFU/g. Helminth egg contamination was highest in lettuce as compared to spinach. Raw vegetables irrigated with wastewater pose serious threats to human health.

DAE-33SIMULATING COTTON PERFORMANCE FOR PHOSPHORUS IN ARID

VEHARI BY USING DSSAT MODEL

Asad Amin1, Wajid Nasim1,2, Muhammad Nadeem1, Muhammad Mubeen1*, Liaqat Ali3, Hafiz Mohkum Hammad1

1COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari-Pakistan2 International Center for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM), Institut

Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (IAMM) Montpellier-FRANCE3Adaptive Research Farm, Vehari-Pakistan

muhammadmubeen@ciitvehari.edu.pk

ABSTRACTHigh phosphorus (P) use efficiency in crops could significantly avoid environmental hazards resulting from over-fertilization like eutrophication. This field study was carried out on two cotton varieties varying in plant structure to find its response to P fertilizer under the climatic conditions of Vehari, Pakistan. The treatments consisted of two cotton varieties (FVH-142 and MNH-886) and three phosphorus rates (0, 57 and 114 kg P2 O5 ha-1) and arranged in split plot design with three replications. The results showed that both cultivars performed better at application of 57 kg P ha -1 in terms of seed cotton yield. So it would be wastage of resources if we apply more P as it may cause environmental problems. The cultivar FH-142 performed better than MNH-886 in terms of various yield and yield components. Data collected from the treatments were used for simulation in the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) sub-model CSM-CROPGRO-Cotton. The CSM-CROPGRO-Cotton was calibrated with P level of 57 kg ha-1 which was found to be a non-stress treatment; the error

%age found for total dry matter, harvest index and seed cotton yield was 7 %, 0.09% and 15% in MNH-886 and for FH-142 error of 11%, 0.08% and 16%, respectively. Similarly, during evaluation, there was a good agreement between observed and stimulated values of total dry matter and harvest index (error ranging from 1.32 to 26% and 1.54 to 10.95%, respectively). So DSSAT should be used for future yield forecasting in cotton for different phosphorus levels under climatic conditions of Vehari.

DAE-35METABOLIC RESPONSES IN MAIZE SEEDLINGS UNDER ARSENIC

STRESS

1Samrana Zahir, 1Sidra Tahira, 1Azizullah Azizullah, 2Insaf Ullah Khan, 2Nazim Ali, 1Waheed Murad, 2MK Daud

1Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat2Department of Biotechnology and GE, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat

whdicp@yahoo.com, mkdaud@yahoo.com

ABSTRACTTrace heavy metal, such as arsenic, is an important environmental pollutant, particularly in areas with high anthropogenic pressure. The presence of arsenic in the atmosphere, soil, and water can cause serious problems to all organisms, and its ubiquitous bioavailability can result in bioaccumulation in the food chain. The general objective of our work was to determine the acute toxicity of arsenic in maize seedlings. The effect of different levels (50, 100, 200 mg/L) of arsenic (as arsenic trioxide As2O3) on biochemical characteristics was determined under laboratory conditions with three independents replicates in sand media. Biochemical parameters such as chlorophyll a and ions (Na+, K+, Ca+) increased at 50 mg/L/, chlorophyll b increased and carotenoids significantly decreased at 200 mg/L. Cellular viability or oxidizing ability of the cells was observed to decrease with rise in As concentrations the electrolyte leakage (EL), showed a minor decreased at lower concentration and increased at higher concentration as compared to control.Oxidative metabolites (MDA,H2O2) significantly decreased at 200 mg/L, CAT and SOD increased with increasing concentration of arsenic and POD increased at 100 mg/L. Total soluble protein, total soluble sugar decreased at 200mg/L. Proline increased at 200mg/L significantly. These declines at higher doses of As could be due the sensitive nature of maize seedlings. In our present experiment, we can conclude that As caused changes in maize seedlings in dose dependent manner.

DAE-36EXTRACTABILITY AND BIOAVAILABILITY OF MERCURY IN FRESH

AND COMPOSTED MANURES OF DIFFERENT LIVESTOCK

Aneesah Pervaiz*, Faridullah*, and Imran Ali Khan*Department of Environmental Sciences,

COMSATS Institute of information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistanfaridullah@ciit.net.pk

ABSTRACTCompost has been identified as an alternative to fertilizer to increase soil fertility and crop production in organic farming. For the sustainable nutrient management of crops, it is important to understand the effects of fertilizer or manure application on the chemical forms of elements in soil. Compost and fresh animal manures from four different sources, including Buffalo (BF), Cow (CW), Goat (GT) and Poultry (PL) were selected to determine the metal concentrations. Addition of manure compost increased total organic matter, macronutrients, and micronutrients in the amended soils according to rate of compost applications. Total metals were determined by AAS (atomic absorption spectrophotometer). The extractability of elements varied considerably depending on type of livestock and extraction method. Mercury (Hg) fractions extracted by reagents varied in order NaOH > KNO₃ > H₂O > EDTA > HNO₃. Composted manure samples differed for Hg as GT > BF > PL > CW while for fresh manure samples it differed as GT > CW > PL > BF. Greater concentration of Hg was found in GT fresh and minimum in

BF fresh. The reduction of Hg in samples of PL prepared by acid digestion is rapidly and quantitatively effected by composting. Analytical results indicate that composting of animal manures encourages soil microbial activity, which promotes the soil's trace mineral supply, improving plant nutrition. It can be concluded that manure compost produced locally could be a suitable organic fertilizer or organic farming.

DAE-37LEACHABILITY OF LEAD IN THE AGRICULTURE FIELD SOIL

AMENDED WITH DAM SEDIMENTS

* Bushra Haroon , * Faridullah and *Hajira HaroonDepartment of Environmental Science

COMSATS Institute of information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistanfaridullah@ciit.net.pk

ABSTRACTSoil can be contaminated with heavy metals from several sources including industrial sites and lead arsenate used as a pesticide. This study aims to investigate Lead (Pb) concentrations in the leachates. The samples were collected from polluted soil irrigated with Hattar Industrial Waste Water i.e. Soils were sampled from top and sub layer of Wheat field soil and Onion field soil. The dam sediments were mixed with the polluted soil at a ratio of 5%. Dam material was mixed in the upper layer of the column (0 cm- 20 cm). Water was applied at fixed leaching fraction of 0.3 - 0.4. After each irrigation events, leachate was collected within 24 hours and immediately transferred to the laboratory for chemical analysis. Pb was determined during 12 leaching events.The amount of water leached out from each treatment was recorded after each irrigation event. Pb was measured in the soil column after the leaching process ceased. Pb concentrations in the soil were determined using polarized Zeeman atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Model Z-2300, Hitachi, Japan). The concentration of Pb in the leachate varied in the order of TSW >SSW. Highest value of Pb was in the leachate of top soil of wheat, while minimum value was in the leachate of sub soil of wheat. By the addition of dam sediments as amendment in the polluted soil resulting decreasing the Pb concentration in the soil. It is concluded that as the leaching event increases then the concentration of heavy metals in the soil decreases. It will help to reduce the lead contamination in the soil.

DAE-38ANTAGONISTIC IMPACT OF HIGH AND LOW EC AND SAR ON LEAFY

CROP PRODUCTION

Haroon Ur Rasheed, Faridullah and *Bilawal RasheedDepartment of Environmental Sciences,

COMSATS Institute of information Technology Abbottabad, PakistanHaroon.rasheed.286@gmail.com, Faridullah@ciit.net.pk

* Department of Agriculture, University of Haripur, PakistanBilawal.msc.agr@hotmail.com

ABSTRACTMany researchers correlate the high SAR with diminish in crop productivity. Irrigation water be inflicted with low SAR also antagonistic the production of leafy vegetables. Current study critical the paucity of calcium and magnesium w.r.t sodium. In present study vegetable like spinach was irrigated with different concentration of SAR and EC. Physico/chemical analysis of water and crop yield was observe in the study. High dosage of SAR > 8 exceeding the permissible limit dwindle the production significantly. Increasing concentration of any one (Ca, Mg and Na) of the following causing inadequacies of remaining two. Likewise it was perceive that at very low concentration of Ca, Mg and Na (SAR < 5) impact the production. In this study optimum range of EC (0.50 dS/m – 0.54 dS/m) and SAR (5.90 – 6.5) increase the production of leafy vegetable. Ca in a cell help in transportation of other elements but at low

concentration it causes malfunction of tips of root and buds and magnesium used by plants due to its activation of different enzymes and deficiency linked with chlorosis. It was concluded that upsurge and inadequate of these nutrient resulting decrease in production.

DAE-39EFFECT OF ORGANIC WASTE ON THE AVAILABILITY AND PLANT

UPTAKE OF CALCIUM IN COMPOST AMENDED SOILS

Imran Ali Khan*, Faridullah* and Aneesah Pervaiz* * Department of Environmental Sciences

COMSATS Institute of information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan

ABSTRACTWaste materials from four different sources, including Animal Waste Fresh (AWF), Animal Waste Compost (AWC), Mixed Waste Fresh (MWF), and Mixed Waste Compost (MWC) were selected to determine the total calcium (Ca). The concentration of total Ca in manure varied as MWC > AWF > MWF > AWC. Total form of Ca in pre sowing soil was found highest in MWF and lowest in AWF while in post-harvest soil it was found maximum in MWF and minimum in AWF. The higher ratios for composts versus manure for Ca suggests that this element is more liable to acid leaching after composting. Composting of Municipal Solid Waste has been reported to increase total and extractable soil Ca concentrations. Analytical results indicated that composting of animal manures enhance the availability of essential nutrients and improved plant nutrition. The use of composted animal manures as soil amendment could be economically productive and would potentially ameliorate the major concerns associated with organic waste.

DAE-44EFFECT OF TRAFFIC POLLUTION ON THE ANATOMY AND

BIOCHEMISTRY OF ZIZIPHUS JUJUBA IN DISTRICT KARAK, PAKISTAN

Muhammad Yaqub, Waheed Murad, Shafiq ur Rehman, *Aziz ullah Aziz ullahDepartment of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat

* azizswabi@hotmail.com

ABSTRACTRoadside pollution caused by traffic is a major environmental issue all over the world. An experimental trial was conducted to study the effect of traffic pollution on different anatomical and biochemical parameters of Ziziphus jujuba. Three sampling sites were selected at the main Indus highway in district Karak of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Leaf samples of the test species were collected from each site at 0 m, 50 m, 100 m, and 500 m distance from the road side. Different parameters including size of leaf (width and length), density of open and closed stomata, concentrations of chlorophyll a , chlorophyll b and total carotenoids, proline and size of epidermis, cortex, xylem, phloem and pith were used as end points. It was found that plants near to the road had large number of closed stomata as compared to those away from the road. Similarly, size of the epidermis, cortex, xylem, phloem, and pith were found to be smaller in plants near to road as compared to those away from roadside. The concentrations of Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b and total Carotenoids were also observed to be affected by roadside pollution. Proline concentration, a stress indicator, was higher in plants near to road than in those away from the roadside. It can be concluded from this study that roadside pollution can be a threat to Ziziphus jujuba population in the studied area.

DAE-45BIOPESTICIDAL ACTIVITIES OF NEEM SEEDS AND TURMERIC

RHIZOME EXTRACTS AGAINST OKRA PESTS

1Uzair Muhammad, 2Tariq Nawaz Khattak, 3Zia Ur Rehman, 1Waheed Murad, 1*Azizullah Azizullah

1Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan2Research Officer, NIFA, Peshawar, Pakistan

3Department of Biotechnology and GE, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan

azizswabi@hotmail.com

ABSTRACTThe use of chemical pesticides is a common practice to control pests and increase crops yield. However, the use of chemical pesticides causes several problems like pesticide pollution, elimination of beneficial fauna and flora and various health problems in humans. Therefore, there is a need to explore alternative approaches to reduce the sole dependence on synthetic pesticides. The present study was conducted to screen the extract of Neem seeds and Turmeric rhizome for pesticidal activities against okra pests. Experiments were conducted in field with four plots. One plot was kept as a control (unsprayed) and one was sprayed with synthetic pesticides, one with Neem seeds extract and one with Turmeric rhizome extract with regular intervals. The effect on number of pests, plant growth and yield was observed at regular intervals. A significant reduction in pests was recorded in all the treatments as compared to the control. Both the extracts were found to be more effective than the synthetic pesticides in controlling okra pests. Both the extracts had stimulatory effects on okra growth and yield as compared to the control as synthetic pesticides. For example, the total yield of plots sprayed with Neem (53.3 kg plot-1) and Turmeric extract (47.7 kg plot-1) was higher than the yield of control plot (33.8 kg plot-1) and plot sprayed with synthetic pesticides (39 kg plot-1). It is concluded that Neem and Turmeric extracts can be used as alternative of synthetic pesticides for controlling pests attacks on okra.

DAE-49ETHNOMEDICO PROFILE OF INDIGENOUS FLORA OF TEHSIL BARNALA DISTRICT BHIMBER AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR

Muhammad Ishtiaq*, Mehwish Maqbool, Tanveer Hussain, Shehzad AzamDepartment of Botany, Mirpur University of Science & Technology

Bhimber Campus, Bhimber Azad Kashmir, Pakistandrishtiaqajk@gmail.com

ABSTRACTAn ethnomedicinal profile was generated to explore medicinal potential of indigenous plants for of Tehsil Barnala District Bhimber, Azad Jammu and Kashmir used against renal disorders. A comprehensive and spatial survey from three locations was conducted by using questionnaire methodology consisting on open-ended and closed-ended interview strategy. A total of 155 informants (70 male and 85 female) were interviewed from local community people and rural hakims (herbalists). The analysis generated checklist of 50 plants which belonged to 35 families. Commonly used plant parts were fruits (26.3%), leave (12.7%) and seeds (16.45%) and frequent usable forms were: tea mixture (26.34%), cold extract (18.73%), decoction (17.1%) and dry powder (13.65%). Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) values in all the three selected localities were; 0.653, 1.256, 0.483 in Malot, Dandar and Kadhala, respectively. Fidelity Level (FL%) of these plant species was also calculated and it was determined that most commonly used plant species against renal problems in these areas are: Ricinus communis, Rosa damascena, Punica granatum, Zingiber officinale, Zea mays, Daucus carota, Raphanus sativus, Mentha longifolia, Aloe barbadensis, Musa paradisiaca, Phyllanthus emblica and Achyranthus aspera. Phytochemical analysis of different plants was also done in lab for finding out the biochemistry of these plants. Plants of Punica granatum, Datura inoxia, Aloe barbadensis, Phyllanthus emblica and Ricinus communis were tested for confirmation of terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and anthraquinones.

DAE-50EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON WOOD OF PINUS ROXBURGHII

(PINACEAE) IN MUZAFFARABAD AZAD KASHMIR, PAKISTAN

Pazeer Iqbal1, Muhammad Ishtiaq2*, Mehwish Maqbool2, Tanveer Hussain2, Shehzad Azam2

Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Muzaffarabad-PakistanDepartment of Botany, Mirpur University of Science & Technology (MUST),

Bhimber Campus, Bhimber Azad Kashmir, Pakistan

ABSTRACTThe wood of 5 trees of Pinus roxburghii from two different areas of Tehsil Muzaffarabad was quantitatively analyzed. One of the areas Muzaffarabad city (p) is highly polluted by air pollution as compare to another area Pirchanasi (up) has hardly any pollution. The morphologically modifications were observed in plants height, 11 from (up) and 7 m from (p). found in samples of the most polluted region were in general in agreement with those present in woods from unfavorable environments, such as water-stressed sites. Since the water is not a limiting factor in the area, pollution is believed to be responsible for the modified wood structure. Woody trees increase in girth by the activity of meristematic tissue called vascular cambium. The vascular cambium comprises fusiform and ray initials, which give rise to vertically oriented elements that is, vessels, fibers, tracheids etc. and horizontally oriented elements that is, rays. The present research based study reveals that there is reduction in dimensions and proportions of fusiform and ray initials in Juglans regia growing under impact of pollution. By means of anatomical observations, this research examines the behavior of Salix alba L. under different conditions (polluted and non-polluted sites) palisade cells of mesophyll are less in number from (p) area i.e 04 while 06 from (up). The purpose of this research based study was to evaluate their response in relation to the anthropic impact. The variation in mesophyll thickness, the structure of conducting and mechanic tissues, the distribution and the frequency of the stomata in both upper and lower epidermis was followed.

DAE-54TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE OF MEDICINAL FLORA IN THE BALAKOT

VALLEY, KP, PAKISTAN

Muhammad Asif*, Zafar Iqbal1*, Jan Alam*, Shujaul M Khan**, Farhana Ijaz* & Inayat U Rahman*

* Department of Botany Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan**Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan

zafar.hu@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT Medicinal ethno botany is the sub-discipline of ethno botany which refers to the study of conformist uses of plants and informal knowledge concerning to plants and human health care, as well as prevention and helpful of human ailment using plants. Ethno botanical evidence on salutary plants and their practices by intrinsic philosophies is supportive not only in the conservancy of traditional nations and biodiversity, but also for communal health care and remedy improvement. Traditional knowledge regarding the uses of local wild medicinal plants for treating various human diseases is totally in the hold community old members. The young generation is not much aware about such important traditional medicinal practices. An ethno medicinal study was to document and accumulate massive and disseminate indigenous knowledge of century’s practiced therapeutic uses of medicinal plants for medicinal purpose by the tribal people living in this area. Total 167 local inhabitants (123 men, 38 women and 5 herbalists) were interviewed through questionnaire. The data obtained were quantitatively analyzed through the use value (UV). Plant specimen was preserved and mounted on herbarium sheets and labeled, cataloging and deposited with voucher numbers in Hazara University Herbarium, Mansehra, Pakistan. 59 plant species

belonging to 55 genera and 24 families. These medicinal plant species are used commonly as an ethno medicine. The herbaceous plant species were dominant with 70%, followed by shrubs (20%) and trees (10%). Lamiaceae was the leading family among collected medicinal plant species (16.94%). Maximum medicinal plant species were used for treatment of acidity (11.76%). Most widely part used is leaf (58%) for the treatment of different ailments by the traditional healers. The medicinal plant species with greater use value were Berberis parkerana Schneid. (0.87) ranked 1st, Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) (0.81) 2nd, Berberis pachycantha Royle (0.79) 3rd. The current study supported to launch list of plants used in ethno medicine practices in study area. Future antimicrobial, antivirals, and pharmacological studies are required to ratify the efficacy and safety of the medicinal plants species.

DAE-58IN VITRO EMRYOID DEVELOPMENT FROM ANTHERS OF DIFFERENT

MAIZE GENOTYPES

Muhammad Zeshan1,*, Zubair Ahmad*, Salma Perveen**and Saad Imran Malik*PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi

muhammadzeeshan95@gmail.com

ABSTRACTIn maize, hybrid development has been an efficient tool to improve yield since long time but the conventional way of inbred line development for hybrids is very slow process. However, the development of doubled haploid (inbred) line in vitro by pollen and anther culture can shorten this time span. As the development of haploids and doubled haploids is highly genotype dependent so for that, a preliminary study was carried out on six advance genotypes of maize to access their response to anther culture for embryoid development. Two nutritional medium; N6 and YP were used for culturing anthers of these six genotypes. Significant difference of genotypes was found for responding anthers as well as for embryoid frequency. Genotype 77-80 gives the best response for anther response with a percentage of 35.24 on YP media and 19.98 on N6 media. This genotype also significantly differs from all the others for number of embryoids per anther. For embryoid frequency N6 media gives better response with 1.466 embryoids per anther but on YP media it is 1.302. Genotype 85-88 was found recalcitrant with no response on both media. These results indicate that anther response to tissue culture is highly genotype dependent so this is an important factor for the development of plantlets through anther culture. This experiment provides the basis for selection of suitable genotype and media for further studies.

DAE-59SCREENING OF SORGHUM (SORGHUM BICOLOR L.) GENOTYPES

UNDER VARIOUS LEVELS OF DROUGHT STRESS.

Masood Qadir*, Amir Bibi and Hafeez Ahmad SadaqatDepartment of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.

masoodpbg@yahoo.com

ABSTRACTSorghum is an important fodder crop and plays an important role in the Pakistan dairy industry. High yielding and superior quality sorghum varieties should be produced to meet the domestic needs. In arid and semiarid regions, drought is a major and serious constraint to sorghum production and adversely influences sorghum growth and germination. There are many approaches to combat the drought stress. Among these approaches breeding of crops contributes towards increase in yield under stress condition like drought stress by making the plant tolerant against stress. Ten genotypes of sorghum were evaluated at seedling stage to determine the genotypic variation among them on the basis of tolerance against drought stress and impact of drought on fodder quality. Three levels of drought stress (100%, 50% and

75% field capacity) were applied to the genotypes. The experiment was carried out in wire house following a triplicate completely randomized design with factorial arrangements. The data was recorded after 20 days of sowing on following traits such as root and shoot length, root shoot fresh and dry weight, leaf area, relative water content, total ash contents and crude protein. All the traits showed significant difference among the genotypes. The genotypes NARC-11 followed by Sorgh-11 gave better response in all levels of drought stress while F114 gave poor response in all levels of drought stress.

DAE-70GROWTH AND METAL UPTAKE POTENTIAL OF GREEN GRAM

INFLUENCED BY NICKEL RESISTANT BACTERIA AT VARYING NICKEL STRESSES

Syeda S. Meryem*, A. Yasmin

* Department of Environmental Sciences COMSATS institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Fatima Jinnah Women university, Rawalpindi, Department of Environmental Sciences

shaima@ciit.net.pk

ABSTRACTUtilizing a plant–microbe partnership is now being recognized as an important tool to enhance successful phytoremediaton of metal-contaminated sites. Seedlings of three Vigna radiata species (Ramazan, NM-92 and NM-98) were investigated for their nickel tolerance with and without bacterial inoculation. A highly Nickel (Ni) resistant gram negative coccus MB239 was selected for inoculation purpose. Various growth attributes (germination, shoot, root and seedling length, fresh and dry weight, vigor index, dry matter accumulation photosynthetic pigments, Enzymes (catalse and peroxidase), phytohormones, reducing sugars, total cell proteins and nickel accumulation level were determined at different nickel concentrations (0, 100 and 200 µg/ml). Nickel induced a significant reduction in root growth, vigor and dry matter accumulation (p<0.05). However, nickel resistant bacteria increased physiological and biochemical growth parameters of all the green grams varieties growing with and without nickel. NM-98 showed more pronounced synergistic relation with nickel resistant bacteria. Thus, synergistic use of bacteria could be a novel approach for improving plant growth under metals stress as well as for meaningful phytoremediation of metals contaminated soils.

DAF-01DARK CHOCOLATE: A Food of Life?

Sami Ullah Khan, Abdul Qayyum*, Salahudin**, Izharullah***, Mahmood Akhtar Kayani**** and Faraz Arshad Malik****

Department of Microbiology, Kazan Federal University, Russian Federation*Government Degree College, Serai Naurang Pakistan

**Health Services Academy, Islamabad Pakistan***Department of Pharmacy, Malakand University, Pakistan

****Department of Biosciences, CIIT, Islamabad Pakistanskmwt2003@gmail.com

ABSTRACTIn this present review, it was aimed to study the connection of dark chocolate and different phases of angiogenesis resulting in cancer pathogenesis. Dark chocolate is derived from cocoa (cacao), may have speckled polyphenol and flavonoids contents retains different levels of antioxidant abilities. The existence of methylxanthines, peptides and polyphenols like flavonoids may synergistically augment or diminish antioxidant properties of dark chocolate (cocoa). The Dark chocolate has certain capacity to famish tumors development and fighting against angiogenesis.

DAF-04VEGETABLES FORCING AS AFFECTED BY SUDDEN WEATHER CHANGES: CURRENT SCENARIO AND FUTURE IMPLICATIONS

Muhammad Fakhar-ud-Din Razi1, Osama Bin Abdul Hafeez1, Nasir Nadeem1, Ishtiaq Ahmad Rajwana1 and Iqrar A. Khan*

1 UAF Sub-Campus Burewala, Vehari,* University of Agriculture Faisalabad

mfrazi@uaf.edu.pk, fakharuddin_razi@hotmail.com

ABSTRACTVegetable forcing is a common technique of this era has been widely used by the farmers for early season to out of season vegetable production. In Pakistan, tunnel farming is the most used form of vegetable forcing and used for a number of summer vegetables including cucumber, tomatoes, aborigine , sweet and hot peppers, squashes and melons on a variable scale. This study was conducted in 12 districts of Punjab including Lodhran, Bahawalpur, Khanewal, Vehari, Bahawal Nagar, Sahiwal, Okara, Nankana Sahib, Sheikhupura, Faisalabad, Chiniot and Sargodha. A total of 73 farmers with small, medium and large level tunnel farming were visited in the areas above mentioned. The respondents (farmers) were asked several questions about their history in tunnel farming, production indices, cost benefit ratio, problems faced by the growers and tangibly possible solutions regarding their problems. As a matter of serious concern; 53.4% complained upon fake fertilizer supplies particularly DAP, whereas, 52.1% of the respondents showed very serious concern regarding abrupt weather changes. The phenomena of global warming was reflected by even those farmers, who did not know about it. The sudden weather changes proved to be lethal during last cropping season as hail storms annihilated off season vegetables throughout the district of Pak Pattan and casted severe losses in the rest of the Punjab Province.

DAF-06POSSIBILE USES OF ALLELOPATHY IN WEED CONTROL IN ORGANIC

FARMING IN TURKEY

Ahmet Uludag1 İlhan Urmis2, Mine Rusen3 and Nihat Turssun4

1 Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Bitki Koruma Bölümü, Çanakkale2 Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Bitki Koruma Bölümü, Hatay

3 Atatürk Bahçe Kültürleri Merkez Araştırma Enstitütsü, Yalova4 İnönü Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümü, Malatya

ABSTRACTWeeds are one of the main obstacles in organic farming as well as other farming systems. In the most agricultural systems such as conventional farming, herbicides are the main tool to solve weed problems in spite of problems bearing from excess use of chemicals. Organic farmers rely on mechanical techniques which include tillage that can make soil open to erosion if it becomes only technique to be used. Allelopathy is both inhibitory and stimulatory biochemical interactions between plants. Allelopathic relations have been used to establish proper farming systems, control directly weeds and other pests, and develop chemicals less harmful to environment. There have been researches on alleopathy in Turkey since 1980’s. However, it is not easy to say that results of these studies have had a chance to be implemented. Allelopathy studies in Turkey can be integrated with organic agriculture; but, research and implementation needs elaborated.

Urbanization and Built Environment

EBE-02

PUBLIC LIBRARY: ARCHITECTURE, URBAN AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Ahmad RiazUniversity of Engineering & Technology Lahore

Ahmadriaz.uet@gmail.com

ABSTRACTThis paper is aimed to write about how to develop criteria and standards to follow in architecture while designing the public libraries and give the perspective for the architects and civil engineers to start with developing a concept and this paper links between the provisions and the urban facility to contribute to the sustainable development of the city.

EBE-07COMPARISON OF NORMALLY VIBRATED CONCRETE AND SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE IN STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF A

MEDIUM RI SE BUILDING

Ammara Sarfraz and Mehreen Khalid *Department of Architectural Engineering and Design, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore

imprudentwhispers@gmail.com, Electric_brain24@yahoo.com

ABSTRACTIncreasing trend of urbanization and industrialization has demanded construction of buildings with a modernization to make an optimized use of reduced available land. In heavily populated areas especially in under-developing countries, which can be achieve economically by using self-compacting concrete(SCC) instead of normal vibrated concrete(NVC). In this research work, experimental results for SCC are extracted from a locally carried research. The results are implemented on an existing medium rise building, which is then designed for both SCC and NVC by software stimulation. The comparison of detailed effects of SCC and NVC on the structural components of the building in terms of reinforcement and dimension is established, on the basis of the two models. The results were, under the same load conditions, when the cross-sectional area of SCC columns is reduced from 25 % to 56.5% , the reinforcement is reduced from 25% to 54.5% as compared to NVC columns. Similarly when the cross-sectional are of SCC beams is reduced to 57.2% as compared to NVC beams , the reinforcement reduction varies from 37.042% to 95.25%. Moreover recommendation for future work and direction for this field of research have been detailed.

EBE-12CERAMIC WASTE AS AGGREGATES IN CONCRETE FOR SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT

Humera Ahmed, Khuram Rashid* and Waleed Shakeel **Department of Architectural Engineering and Design, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore

engr_humeraahmed@hotmail.com, khuram_ae@hotmail.com, waleedshakeel01@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Concrete is considered as the largest man made construction material in this world. Increase in its demand results in rapid consumption of natural resources. Therefore, there is a rapid search for alternate suitable materials which are equivalent in properties to concrete. This work describes the experimental investigation; in which concrete was casted by incorporating various amount of ceramic waste. Fine aggregate as well as coarse aggregate in concrete was partially replaced by granulated ceramic waste. Concrete with conventional materials was also prepared and referred as Reference Concrete in this work. Natural fine aggregate was replaced by ceramic waste by an amount of 10, 15 and 20% and natural coarse aggregate by coarse form of ceramic waste by an amount of 10, 20 and 30%. All other parameters of mixtures were kept constant. The compressive strengths of each mix were calculated at ages of 7, 28 and 63 days. It is evident from the results that the workability decreased and compressive strength was increased with the increase in ceramic content. This research recommends that ceramic waste can be partially replaced in concrete but further experimentation is still required to check the tensile strength and durability of such concrete.

EBE-16Radon Monitoring In The Built-Up Area Using Solid State Nuclear Track

Detectors

S.U. Rahman1, M. Rafique2, F. Khan3, Z. Wazir4 and Iftikhar A Raja5

1Department of Medical Physics, Nuclear Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute (NORI), Islamabad

2Department of Physics, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad3Department of Geology, university of Haripur, KPK

4Department of Basic Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad5Deparmtne of Environmental Sciences,

COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabadsnori66@yahoo.com

ABSTRACTIndoor radon measurements have been carried out in the dwellings of district Chakwal using solid state nuclear track detectors (CR-39). The objective of the study was to estimate the radiation doses received by the dwellers of the area due to indoor radon exposure. CR-39 detectors were installed for three months at head height in bedrooms and drawing rooms of 30 randomly selected houses. After 90 days, the installed detectors were collected and etched for 10h in 6M concentration of sodium hydroxide solution at 80 0C. The tracks were counted under an optical microscope and track densities were related to radon concentrations by using a calibration factor. The measured indo radon concentration varied from 11 to 182 Bq m-3 with an average concentration comes out to be 56 ± 11 Bq m -3. Radon doses were calculated using the UNSCEAR model and annual effective doses were found to be 0.84 ± 0.16 mSv and 0.93 ± 0.17 mSv for bed rooms and living rooms, respectively. Overall yearly mean effective dose was estimated to be 0.88 ± 0.17mSv for the inhabitants living in the studied area and found to be less than the recommended action limits 3-10 mSv.

EBE-17Utiliaztion of waste glass powder as a partial replacement of cement in

concrete

Fasih Ahmed Khan, Muhammad Fahad* and Khan Shahzada**Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering &Technology, Peshawar.

fasihahmedkhan@hotmail.com, fahadkhan@uetpeshawar.edu.pk, khanshahzada@uetpeshwar.edu.pk

ABSTRACTConcrete is the most commonly used material in the world, which is a mixture of Portland cement, aggregates (including fine and coarse aggregate), water and with or without admixtures. Many researches

are carried out these days on the replacement of Portland cement with waste materials having pozzolanic effect like Fly ash, Bagasse ash, Silica fume and marble powder etc. Waste Glass Powder can also be used as a binder with the partial replacement of cement, it also acts as a filler material. Waste glass when ground to a very fine powder shows pozzolanic properties as it contains high SiO2 and therefore to some extent can replace cement in concrete and contribute strength development. In this study Glass Powder partially replaced at varying percentage 0 to 40 percent by weight of cement, and tested for its workability and Compressive strength up to 84 days of age and were compared with those of conventional concrete. The overall test results shows that Waste Glass Powder could be utilized in concrete as a good substitute of cement. The research concluded that with the age of testing affects the compressive strength. The reduction of workability was observed with the increase of glass powder content, as the slump value decreased with a constant amount. The initial Strength was less as compared to the conventional concrete, but after 28 days the pozzolonic activity started and the difference of strength between conventional concrete and glass powder concrete reduced to 12 percent. At 15 percent replacement of cement by Glass powder, the concrete gives maximum strength which is about 88.22 percent of the control mix. Thus 15 percent GP content is recommended as optimum replacement content for strength.

EBE-18APPLICATION OF GREEN ROOF AS A PASSIVE DESIGN MEASURE TO

REDUCE ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN BUILDINGS

Muhammad Asif1 & Abu Bakar Sadiq2

1School of Engineering & Built Environment, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, G4 0BA, Glasgow, UK

2Architectural Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

mas1@gcu.ac.uk

ABSTRACTThe world faces a string of serious energy and environmental challenges. The building sector has a major role to play in tackling these issues, as it is responsible for over 40% of the world’s total primary energy consumption and over 30% of the total Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) emissions. The situation requires improvement in the energy consumption trends in the building sector. Green roof is a passive design strategy, which can offer a wide range of sustainability and ecological benefits while often enhancing the aesthetic qualities and architectural creativity of buildings. The presented work examines the effectiveness of green roofs in hot climates in terms of energy and environmental benefits. Modeling of a typical residential building has been carried out with the help of a software tool, DesignBuilder. Results indicate that green roof can save over 25% of the energy load of buildings in climatic conditions like Pakistan.

EBE-19MEASUREMENT OF SOIL RADIOACTIVITY LEVELS USING HPGE

DETECTOR AND ITS RADIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS

S. A. Mehdi1, S. U. Rahman2, K. Khan3, A. Jabbar3 M. Rafique4, F Khan5 and Iftikhar A Raja6

1Federal Urdu University of Science, Arts & Technology (FUUSAT), Islamabad2Dept of Medical Physics, Nuclear Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute (NORI), Islamabad

3Health Physics division, PINSTECH, Nilore, Islamabad4Department of Physics, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad

5Department of Geology, University of Haripur, KPK-Pakistan6Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Abbottabad, Pakistan

alimehdi2@yahoo.com, snori66@yahoo.com, drkalid@pinstech.org.pk’ mrafique@ajku.edu.pk

ABSTRACTHuman beings are persistently exposed to ionizing radiation caused by terrestrial, extra-terrestrial and anthropogenic radionuclides. In order to assess the risks associated with exposure due to the natural radioactivity in soil, a radiological environmental monitoring survey was carried out in district Chakwal. In the present study, activities of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K are measured in soil samples using an HPGe based gamma spectrometry system. The measured mean specific radioactivity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the studied samples was 31.08 ± 1.2 Bqkg-1, 47.67 ± 2.30 Bqkg-1 and 558.23 ± 17.52 Bqkg-1, respectively. From the measured activity concentration, radium equivalent activity, external and internal hazard indices, terrestrial absorbed dose and annual effective dose were calculated. Mean radium equivalent activity (Raeq), outdoor radiation hazard index (Hex), indoor radiation hazard index (Hin) and absorbed dose rate (D) for the area under study were determined as 142.18 Bqkg -1, 0.38, 0.47 and 66.13 nGyh-1 respectively. The annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) varied in the range from 0.10 mSv y -1

to 0.16 mSv y-1. On the basis of measured activity and calculated values of hazards indices, it is concluded that the surveyed area does not pose any significant radiological risk to the population and environment.

EUE-01

MANAGING URBAN GROWTH: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE CASE OF CITY LAHORE

Ahmad Riaz, Farhan Ali* University of Engineering & Technology Lahore

* Pakistan Public Works Department, Assistant Executive Engineer Division I LahoreFarhan_uet@hotmail.com, Ahmadriaz.uet@gmail.com

ABSTRACTMaster Planning is an important phase and its impacts can be seen after the implementation of Master planning and also useful for managing urban growth. This paper aimed to present suggestions for managing urban growth and layout for master plan in managing urban growth of the cities in Pakistan. It also critically reviews the current situation in one major city of Lahore, Pakistan and presents the suggestion in accordance with layout for master planning.

EUE-02IMPACT OF WISH WASH CAR PARKING ON THE RAISE OF NOISE

POLLUTION

Samreen NaeemInstitute of Business Administration, University of Sindh Jamshoro Hyderabad sindh

samreen_2k5@yahoo.com

ABSTRACTAllah Almighty has bestow five great senses to the human beings in which seeing, smelling, hearing etc but few he has left to earn by himself the very famous among them are common sense which is unfortunately lacked in our learned society which is directly proportional to the civic sense. Nowadays in our society we are suffering in so many wish wash specially a non sense car parking we see that we all are a citizen of civilized society having various schools, colleges and universities in our cities but even highly qualified citizen of society are unaware of car parking civic sense. Whenever we park the car we give preference to the inappropriate locations ultimately which is putting adverse effect on smooth flow of traffic and peoples, also cause of garbage dump and pollutions, fuel consumption and raise of noise pollutions. When all people use the horns at the same time it is harmful for the health not only affect the hearing power but the air pollution influenced lungs performance. In this scenario the district government can play a vital role by introducing a civic guidance program and using plenty of awareness techniques

of parking to make the public able to contribute positively for the society and can be the effective factor in control of noise pollution due to wish wash car parking.

EUE-03SPATIO-TEMPORAL PATTERN OF LAND USE GROWTH AND URBAN

EXPANSION IN A SMALL TOWN OF DISTRICT BAHAWALPUR; PAKISTAN

Sana Arshad, Adila Shafqat Majid MalikDepartment of Geography, The Islamia University Bahawalpur

sanaiub111@gmail.com , sana.arshad@iub.edu.pk , Adila.shafqat@gmail.com

ABSTRACTLand use change is one of the main driving force of global environmental change and is closely related to sustainable development. There is a direct relationship between urbanization and land use changes that occurs at spatio temporal scale. Determining the effects of land use changes depends upon various factors, like past and present land use patterns, projections of future land use affected by population size and distribution. Various case studies are present in literature to determine the effects of land use changes upon urbanization. The present research is also focused on urbanization process of a small town towards city due to population growth and its associated land use changes. “Uch Sharif” is a historical town located in the Tehsil AhmedPur East of District Bahawalpur in Southern Punjab of Pakistan. Population growth due to migration and natural increase altered the land use patterns and shape of town and caused its urban expansion since 1970. The major objectives of the study include; first of all to examine and analyze the population growth of the town from 1980 to 2014 as a major factor for land uses changes. Secondly land use patterns of the town are analyzed in detail from 1980 to 2014 and rate of urban expansion and land consumption ratio are calculated along with population density index. Base maps of the land use patterns are taken from the Municipal authorities and studied in GIS environment to analyze the historical changes in its pattern. At the end research concludes that this small town is getting urbanized day by day due to more population pressure and their changing land use demands.

EUE-04CO-RELATIONAL STUDY OF FLORA AND ENVIRONMENTAL

VARIABLES IN CHINJI NATIONAL PARK CHAKWAL

Iqra Afzal, Asma Jabeen, Sheikh Saeed Ahmad*

Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistandrsaeed@fjwu.edu.pk

ABSTRACTNational parks are designated to ensure the ecological strength of ecosystems for existing and upcoming generations. This study was undertaken to analyze the ecology of the park. For that research was done to determine the co-relation of flora and soil with the effects of environmental variables. Study area was divided into three zones on the basis of distance from the park boundary. Flora was collected on the basis of Braun-Blanquet method for vegetation analysis. The soil was taken as environmental variable for Electrical conductivity, pH, Organic matter and Saturation. T-value biplot is primarily used to reveal the statistically significant relationships between species and environmental variables. From zone I Cynodon dactlyon and Eragostis tremule showed some negative association towards pH and E.C while Eulaliopsis binate showed positive association towards saturation. None of the species were associated to O.M. From zone II no specie was associated to pH and Saturation while Capparis decidua and Otostegia limbarea showed negative association towards O.M and E.C. From zone III none of the species showed any relationship with any environmental variable. This research concluded that Chinji national park is exhibiting biome of xeric shrublands and deserts due to erosion and various other factors and it needs to be conserved.

EUE-05

ESTIMATION OF LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE THROUGH THERMAL REMOTE SENSING IN URBAN HEAT ISLAND OF MULTAN CITY,

PAKISTAN

Asma Shaheen*1, Afia Naveed1, Muhammad Ateeq2, Qurat-ul-Ain1, Navid Ahmad1, Khalid Mehmood1

1Department of Earth Sciences, University of Sargodha2Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Pakistan

* asma07igis@gmail.com

ABSTRACTThe urban areas experience more land surface temperature then the vegetation land and act as urban heat island. The measure of land surface temperature through remote sensing is an emerging and efficient technique. Multan city has become an important urbanized commercial and industrial centre in Pakistan. Increasing population, growing commercial and industrialization boosted up the urban construction. The vegetation cover has been changed to urban built-up area causing more thermal emission and heat waves. The land surface temperature and emissivity were calculated using different combinations of image indices from thermal infrared satellite imageries of thirty years for the whole city. Meteorological data of temperature, evapotranspiration and precipitation was also incorporated to find out the accurate variation in urban climate at Spatio-temporal scale. The local difference between the temperature of Multan City and that of surrounding rural areas was also examined. Object base land cover classifications were also applied on satellite Images of the area and city was sliced in different zones according to thermal emission categories from each land cover class. The results of multivariate analysis and time series analysis showed that the change in land use/ land cover of Multan City caused thermal modification in land surface temperature and also increased emissivity value significantly. There was increasing trend in urban temperature and variation in other climatic factors from that of rural areas. It was concluded that increase in the local temperature of the Multan City has caused consequent emergence of urban heat island. There were improper new construction practices in urban areas with the negligence to maintain green belts and vegetation in city area with high density population.

EUE-08

CHANGES IN NATURAL DRAINAGE PATTERN OF KARACHI DISTRICT-A GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS

Sumaira Zafar1 and Arjumand Z. Zaidi2

1Department of Remote Sensing and Geo-information Science2Institute of Space Technology, Karachi, Pakistan

sumaira.zafar_ncrg05@ist.edu.pk, arjumand.zaidi@ist.edu.pk

ABSTRACTKarachi district used to have an impressive natural drainage network comprising three (3) main river systems and their tributaries. These natural streams were used to drain out the storm water of the city without any difficulty. The scenario has been changed in the recent past years due to an over exploitation of floodplains and riverbeds for other uses. Small streams and nalas have been abandoned due to the development of settlements, industries and agricultural fields. Some of the streams and nalas have vanished and some are encroached by different landuses. Since these streams are now part of urban settlements, their quality has also been deteriorated and, at present, these are serving as wastewater drains. This paper examines the effects of urbanization on hydrologic characteristics of 31 streams located within the boundary of Karachi district. Topographic maps (scale of 1:50,000) of 1970s, developed by Survey of Pakistan, are used to identify the natural water channels’ width and extent. Few

scenes of Orbview (1 meter resolution) from Google Earth and Landsat satellite images (15 and 30 meter resolution) are used to identify the major landcovers of the study area. Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the study area is used to identify the existing streams that become active in the rainy seasons. Results of this study show that majority of these streams have been filled with silts and stream beds and floodplains are being used for other activities.

EUE-11IMPACTS OF URBAN ENVIRONMEENTAL POLLUTION ON LAHORE

FORT, PUNJAB PAKISTAN

Rizwana Anjum, Haider Ali*The Urban Unit, Urban Sector, Planning and Management Services Unit (USPMSU) (Pvt) Ltd.

5th Floor, Office No.3, Shaheen Complex,Egerton Road, Lahore, PAKISTANhaider-92@live.com

ABSTRACTA preliminary investigation of materials, used by Mughals in the Lahore Fort, and their degradation due to environmental agents has been carried out. The stones used have been petro-graphically characterized. Yellow marble or `Khattu is a fossiliferous limestone classified as wackestone/biomicrite. Scientifically speaking all the stones are not marbles. Sang-e-marmar is a true white marble while red sandstone is a quartz-Hematite cemented quartz arenite. The mortar is a variable admixture of calcite and sand with subordinate amounts of gypsum, clay, micas and accessories. Nitrates found in black crusts are due to the action of NOx on Mortars, limestone and marble. The black crusts also contain gypsum which formed due to the action of SOx on marble/limestone. Human vandalism, growth of plants and lichens on fort structures and activities of birds are also responsible for deterioration of Lahore Fort. Control of human vandalism, reduction of air pollution and water seepage control are proposed as remedial measures. Repair and restoration of the structures of the Lahore Fort in accordance with original formulae and contemporary conservation methods can help prolong the life of the structures of the Lahore Fort.

EUE-12MICROSIMULATION OF URBAN TRAFFIC FLOW- A CASE STUDY OF

UNIVERSITY ROAD PESHAWAR

Maryam Akbar*, Rawid Khan*, Syed Akhtar Ali Shah***Department of Civil Engineering, university of Engineering and Technology Peshawar,

** Department of Urban Planning, University of Peshawarengrmaryam_ak@yahoo.com

ABSTRACTTraffic cramming is a serious problem in urban areas of Pakistan particularly in Peshawar. A pilot scale survey was performed regarding traffic volume and travel time data, vehicle specifications and geometry of the study area and analysis were performed that can be applied to the remaining section of the University road. Calibration and validation of model was done by comparing the field results of traffic volume and travel time with results obtained from the micro simulation. After analysis for queue delays, travel time and traffic flow versus travel time data for different traffic scenarios, maximum queue lengths and queue stops were observed near U-turning and Right-turning locations. At selected section, the average speed was found considerably lower than the design. An option of roundabout and a flyover were used in analysis. Queue delays travel time reduce near U-turns and all the right turning locations of study area with provision of roundabout or flyover. With provision of flyover, results for traffic flow and delay were improved.

Marine Environment and Coastal ManagementDisaster Management and Environmental Risk

FCE-01STATUS OF GREEN SEA TURTLE (Chelonia mydas) CONSERVATION IN

PAKISTAN

Hafsa Bashir1, Amber Khan2, Asma Jabeen*Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima

Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.asma_jee@yahoo.com, hafsabashir07@gmail.com, amberkhan461@yahoo.com

ABSTRACTThis study aims to provide information about status of conservation of green sea turtle and education activities carried out in Pakistan. In Pakistan the sandy beaches of Sindh and Blochistan are important nesting sites for sea turtles. There are two ongoing conservation projects conducted independently by the Sindh Wildlife Department (SWD), Ministry of Forest and Wildlife, Govt. of Sindh, and the World Wide Fund (WWF) for Nature Pakistan. The conservation projects focuses on the protection of nesting beaches, elimination of predators, transplantation of nests from open beach to protected enclosures, release of hatchlings, tagging of turtles and reducing the threats. Education and public awareness are made the necessary part of conservation projects. But still there are many things that are needed to be considering in achieving the positive results of conservation efforts.

FCE-02CHLORPYRIFOS INDUCED BEHAVIORAL AND IMMUNO-

HEMATOLOGICAL CHANGES IN COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO)

Ayesha Munir, Imran Hashmi*Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), SCEE,

National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan ayesha.environmentalist@gmail.com, hashmi71@gmail.com

ABSTRACT Environmental pollution caused by pesticides, especially in aquatic ecosystems is a serious problem throughout the world. These contaminants enter into aquatic environment through agriculture runoff and irrigation water subsequently deteriorates water quality. Fish are ideal sentinels largely used as bioindicators for detecting and documenting aquatic pollutants. The fish used as biological model in this study was common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Behavioral and hematological changes were studied in the experimental period. Water quality parameters in experimental tanks were: temperature (25 ± 2°C), pH (7.5 ± 0.4), dissolved oxygen (8.6±0.8 mg/L) and total hardness (234 ± 3 mg as CaCO3/L). Acute toxicity of CPF investigated in semi static tanks for 24, 48, 72 and 96h was 1.53, 1.16, 0.90, and 0.67 μg/L, respectively. Fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations (134, 13.4, 1.34 μg/L) of CPF for 7 d. The exposure of common carp to CPF resulted in rapid gulping of water, loss of equilibrium, increased operculum movement, sudden and erratic swimming movement. Hematological profile showed significant decrease in immunity of fish. Percentage reduction in the phagocytic activity of fish exposed to 1.34, 13.4, 134 μg/L of chlorpyrifos was 24, 52 and 70%, respectively. This study may be used to monitor pollution in aquatic environments.

FCE-03EXTRACTION OF SEAWEED RESOURCES ALONG KARACHI COAST

USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUES

Muhammad Danish Siddiqui1, Arjumand Z. Zaidi2, Muhammad Abdullah3, Amjad Ali4, Pirzada Jamal A. Siddiqui5

Department of Remote Sensing and Geo-information ScienceInstitute of Space Technology, Karachi, Pakistan

Center of Excellence Marine Biology Karachi Universitydanish769@yahoo.com, arjumand.zaidi@ist.edu.pk , mabdullahsiddiqui88@gmail.com

ABSTRACTThis study was undertaken to map seaweed in the coastal waters of Karachi. Satellite images of Landsat 8 were used for mapping and analyzing seaweed growth along study area. Different band ratios such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Floating Algae Index (FAI) and NIR/SWIR derived from spectral signatures have been used for analysis and mapping of seaweed patches. Image processing results have been compared with ground data for accuracy assessment. The results of the study indicated that near infrared (NIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands ratio (NIR/SWIR) has identified the field verified seaweeds patches more precisely as compared to FAI and NDVI.

Natural Resource Management

GFM-01COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN FOREST RESORUCE MANAGEMENT

OF PAKISTAN

Hafsa Bashir*, Asma Jabeen1

Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

hafsabashir07@gmail.com*, asma_jee@yahoo.com1

ABSTRACTThe forest area of Pakistan is 4.6 million hectares (Mha) of the total land area of Pakistan which among which 1.96 Mha of the hill coniferous forests, 1.72 million ha scrub or foot hill forests, 0.234 million ha irrigated plantation, 0.297 million ha riverian, 0.35 million ha mangroves in Indus delta. D u e t o e n v i r o n m e n t a l s t r e s s e s , the forested area of Pakistan had declined to 2.9%. Pakistan is among those countries whose forested area is declining rapidly. Illegal cutting by timber mafia, for livelihood, urbanization and for basic needs are major causes of deforestation. Educating indigenous community, providing incentives to local people, applying cultural and spiritual rituals, promoting ecotourism, educating and involving females in management practices and provision of alternating fuel resources would decrease the rate of deforestation in Pakistan.

GFM-02CONSERVATION STATUS OF MUSK DEER (MOSCHUSCHRYSOGASTER)

IN PAKISTAN

Sana Ghaffar1, Hafsa Bashir2, AsmaJabeen*Department of Environmental Sciences,

Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. sana_ghaffar01@yahoo.com1, hafsabashir07@gmail.com2 asma_jee@yahoo.com*

ABSTRACTPakistan geographic location, climate conditions and resource availability accounts positive credit that make this area rich with biodiversity. Many species migrate towards Pakistan in search of food, shelter and protection. Musk deer is one of those species that like to stay in Himalay region, native species of sub-alpine scrub and coniferous tress area including Machira, Neelum valley of AJK, Indus Kohistan, Chitral, Astore, Chilas, and Gilgit. The specie was declared endangered and was listed under Appendix I of CITES. The population of Himalyian musk deer is declining due to its illegal hunting, hunting for musk pods, habitat degradation. The population of musk deer’s was assessed by using camera, e-tagging and by counting. In 1998-1999 population of musk deer was recorded 2-3 animal’s km-2 which was decreased in 2004 and species reached to 35. Conservation efforts in 2006 increased musk population to 64 in Machiara. Conservation efforts include formation of Salkhala Wildlife Sanctuary (AJ&K),Drosh ,machiara National Park, AJ&K. Projects by Rufford Small Grants Foundationlaunch awareness campaign as well as count habitat and population distribution of the specie. The paper will be helpful in determining the conservation status of Musk deer in Pakistan and will help in devising better conservation for preventing the extinction of musk deer species.

GWQ-03EFFECT OF HEAVY METALS FROM TANNERY EFFLUENT ON THE

GROUNDWATER USING MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS IN PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN

Ikhtiar Khan*, Muhammad Ateeq* Rakhshan Khurshid **, Asma Shaheen****Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Pakistan

**Department of Biochemistry, Fatima Jinnah Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan*** Department of Earth Science, University of Sargodha, Pakistan

ikhtiark2@yahoo.com, ateeqbiochem@gmail.com, asma07igis@gmail.com, rakhshan99@yahoo.com

ABSTRACTWater resources are depleting due to intrusion of industrial pollution. The leather tanning is a major contamination causing industry which uses a lot of water and discharges it with toxic effluents. Untreated tannery effluents discharged into the environment cause severe groundwater contamination in Peshawar. This poses a problem of supply of hazard-free drinking water in the rural parts of the country. In order to assess the extent of groundwater and soil contamination, detailed analysis for groundwater and soil quality has been carried out. Ground water samples were analyzed for heavy metals by using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (GFAAS, Analyst 700, Perkin Elmer). Groundwater samples were collected during fall 2014 from 20 sites and were analysed for the concentration of heavy metals. The concentration of chromium was above the permissible limit in 85% of the groundwater samples. The concentration of cobalt, manganese, cadmium, nickel, lead, zinc and iron in the ground water from Peshawar was also determined. The higher concentration of heavy metals in ground water recorded in Peshawar was due to the non-point sources, surface run-off, agriculture, municipal waste and the discharges from leather tanneries. The major cause of water pollution is untreated wastewater disposal from various industries which is being released into common drainage. The wastewater not only affects the surrounding land, but also changes the biochemical nature of ground water. This could be due to the presence of chemicals in tannery wastewater which contaminate and change the biochemical nature of ground water.

GWQ-07MICROBIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF DRINKING WATER BIOFILMS

USING DIFFERENT PIPE MATERIALS

Maryam Zafar, Imran Hashmi*Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE),

SCEE, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistanmaryamzaffar.environmentalist@gmail.com, hashmi71@gmail.com

ABSTRACTVery little is concerned about the bacterial contamination in drinking water biofilm which provide a potential source for bacteria to grow and increase rapidly. So as to understand the microbial density in DWDs, a three month study was carried out. The aim of this study was to examine biofilm in three different pipe materials including Polyvinyl Chloride, Polypropylene and Galvanized Iron. A set of all these pipe materials was installed in DWDs at nine different locations and assessed on monthly basis. Drinking water quality was evaluated by different parameters and characterization of biofilm. Among various parameters are Temperature, pH, turbidity, TDS, electrical conductivity, BOD, COD, total phosphates, total nitrates, total organic carbon (TOC) free chlorine and total chlorine, coliforms and spread plate counts (SPC) according to standard methods. Predominant species were E.coli and significant increase in bacterial population was observed in GI pipes while least in PPR pipes. The

quantity of DWDs bacteria was directly depended on biofilm bacteria and its increase was correlated with growth and detachment of bacteria from biofilms. Pipe material also affected the microbial community in drinking water distribution network biofilm while Similarity in bacterial species was observed between systems due to same disinfectant dose, time period and plumbing pipes.

GWQ-08Effect of Heavy Metals from Tannery Effluent on the Groundwater using

Multivariate Analysis in Muridke, Pakistan

Muhammad Ateeq*, Ikhtiar Khan*, Rakhshan Khurshid **, Asma Shaheen****Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Pakistan

**Department of Biochemistry, Fatima Jinnah Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan*** Department of Earth Science, University of Sargodha, Pakistan

ateeqbiochem@gmail.com, asma07igis@gmail.com, ikhtiark2@yahoo.com, rakhshan99@yahoo.com

ABSTRACTWater resources are depleting due to intrusion of industrial pollution. The leather tanning is a major contamination causing industry which uses a lot of water and discharges it with toxic effluents. Untreated tannery effluents discharged into the environment cause severe groundwater contamination in Muridke. This poses a problem of supply of hazard-free drinking water in the rural parts of the country. In order to assess the extent of groundwater and soil contamination, detailed analysis for groundwater and soil quality has been carried out. Ground water samples were analyzed for heavy metals by using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (GFAAS, Analyst 700, Perkin Elmer). Groundwater samples were collected during fall 2014 from 20 sites and were analysed for the concentration of heavy metals. The concentration of chromium was above the permissible limit in 85% of the groundwater samples. The concentration of sodium, cobalt, manganese, cadmium, nickel, lead, zinc and iron in the ground water from Muridke was also determined. The higher concentration of heavy metals in ground water recorded in Muridke was due to the non-point sources, surface run-off, agriculture, municipal waste and the discharges from leather tanneries. The major cause of water pollution is untreated wastewater disposal from various industries which is being released into common drainage. The wastewater not only affects the surrounding land, but also changes the biochemical nature of ground water. This could be due to the presence of chemicals in tannery wastewater which contaminate and change the biochemical nature of ground water.

GWQ-09PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THERAPEUTIC SPRINGS WATER

OF HARIPUR, KPKBibi Almas*, Imtiaz Hussain Memon**

Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, **Environmental Protection Agency, Islamabad

diamonds.almas@gmail.com, imtiazsaifi@yahoo.com

ABSTRACTA study of Physico-chemical analysis was carried out on three different areas of Haripur, District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. Three samples of therapeutic spring’s water (mythically known for curative characteristics) and bore-well groundwater samples (total 6) of Shah Muhammad, Jattipind and Tarbeela were analyzed physically and chemically by using standard APHA methods for water analysis. The comparison of analyzed data showed the following concentrations in ground water samples of TDS<792 mg/L, EC< 812 µS/cm, DO<5.9 mg/L., Hardness as CaCO3<540 mg/L, and Alkalinity <472.5mg/L. In the spring water samples the concentrations of TDS, EC, DO., Hardness as CaCO3, and Alkalinity were observed very high exceeding the permissible limits. For the minerals analysis Chloride, Phosphate, Nitrate, Nitrite, Sulphate, Sulphide, Chromium, Iron, Magnesium and Calcium were common anions and cations that were studied. Chloride was the most common mineral found in all springs along

many others minerals with varying concentrations such as Calcium, Magnesium, many were satisfied and some were not recovered. It is recommended that Ground water quality of Haripur is not too much satisfactory, so there is need for improvement by the local government by proper management. These therapeutic springs can be a source of great cultural, aesthetic, and recreational sites by proper superintendence of government. Sulphates, nitrates and phosphates. Chromium contamination was absent in ground and spring samples except the Jattipind spring. This proved that the water quality of ground water was not satisfactory while the spring’s water was not fit for human consumption but their therapeutic properties were based upon the mineral contents. Social survey was conducted and statements of people on each spring site were recorded to check out the validity of myths associated with these springs.

GWR-01QUANTIFICATION OF CUMULATIVE SEDIMENT TRAPPING BY

MANGLA DAM IN JEHLUM RIVER BASIN

Abdullah Yasar*, Amtul Bari Tabinda, Reenum Anwar, Maimoona Raza Aleena Tahir, Zawar Haider

Sustainable Development Study Centre,GC University Lahore, Kachehry Road Lahore 54000, Pakistan.

yasar.abdullah@gmail.com

ABSTRACTThe capacity of Mangla Dam is continuously depleting due to heavy load of sedimentation. Water samples were collected from inlet and outlet of reservoir and physical parameters were quantified in the laboratory. Secondary data about inflow, outflow and water storage capacity of 1967 to 2010 was collected and used in study. Result indicated gradual percentage loss in both live and dead storage capacity of reservoir from 1967 (live, 1.50%; dead, 7.41%) to 2010 (live, 15.84%; dead, 82.40%). Inflow varied in seasons and different years by change in rainfall and upstream variation in rivers water. Result stated high sedimentation load by high differences in turbidity, EC and TSS in inlet and outlet of reservoir. Turbidity values (ftu) of spring in Poonch, Kanshi and Jehlum rivers were 3.96, 19.64 & 558 and in outlet 2.03, 17.61 &555.97 respectively showed a huge difference in both values. It is recommended that preventive measures are necessary to avoid sedimentation load and increase storage capacity of reservoir.

GWR-05MAIN CHALLENGES OF WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN

PAKISTAN

Amir H Malik*, Toqeer Ahmed, Habiba Khalid**,

Centre for Climate Research and Development (CCRD),COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad

**Environmental Consultant, Abbottabad,ahmalik@comsats.edu.pk, toqeer.ahmed@comsats.edu.pk, habibakhalid.khalid@gmail.com

ABSTRACTPakistan belongs to one of the World’s arid and semi-arid countries, with an average rainfall of not more than 240 mm/a. Local population and the economy heavily depend upon annual water influx into the Indus river system including Indus, Jehlum, Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej rivers. At present, the annual per capita water- availability in Pakistan is about 1,100 cubic meters, but due to enormous population increase, the situation in Pakistan indicates that the country is nearing conditions of chronic water-stress. Due to enormous amounts of sediments/silt brought in by the feeding rivers, the three major reservoirs – Tarbela, Mangla and Chashma shall lose their storage capacity by 25 %, which will further aggravate the

water-availability situation in Pakistan. Devastating problems are faced every year in the monsoon season between the months of July and October in the event of excessive rainfall in the catchments in form of floods. Out of total annual 142 Million Acre Feet (MAF) of water, about 35 MAF, on average, is wasted as it goes to sea as flood in the monsoon season. This wastage should be avoided by introducing essential modifications in the canal system and river system. The quality of water is also deteriorating due to urbanization, industrialization and agricultural developments. On the environmental front the main problems are water-logging, salinity, salt-imbalance and increasing pollution of water-bodies. In the Indus basin irrigation water efficiency has been reduced to such an extent that more than 50 per cent of the irrigation-water is lost in transit, during application, delivery, etc. This paper discusses water demand management measures in Pakistan including reduction of water wastage and to increase irrigation efficiency in agriculture sector for the sustainable water resources management of the Indus Basin in Pakistan.

Health, Safety and Environment

HEH-02HEALTH HAZARDS RADIOACTIVE RADON GAS IN DRINKING WATER

OF HAZARA – PAKISTAN

F Khan1, Z Wazir2, A Khan3, M Ishaq4, M Fawad5, S U Rehman6 and Iftikhar A Raja7

1’4Department of Geology, University of Haripur, KPK-Pakistan, 2Department of Basic Science, Riphah International University , Islamabad-Pakistan

3,5Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Haripur, KPK-Pakistan 6Department of Medical Physics, NORI Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan

7Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Abbottabad, Pakistan fayazk70@yahoo.com

ABSTRACTThe current survey was carried out in Hazara to measure the radon concentrations in various drinking water from different sources. These water samples were collected from bore/well water, spring water and surface water. The samples were collected from all six districts. The measurements were taken on active technique by using The AB-5 series of portable radiation monitor (Pylon) . These samples were collected from august 2014 to December 2014. The radon concentrations ranges from 6 to 23.5kB/m3 , from 3.2 to 21.1kB/m3 and from 1.6 to 10.2kB/m3 with their mean values 16±2.5kB/m3 , 10.2±1.2 kB/m3 and 6.4±0.7kB/m3 in bore/well water, spring water and surface water respectively . The mean effective doses from radon in these drinking water were 0.044±0.007mSv, 0.028±0.003mSv and 0.017±0.001mSv in bore/well, spring, and surface water respectively. The mean value of radon concentration in bore water was above the MCL (maximum contamination level) of 11kB/m3 of USA, while in spring and in surface water the mean values are below the MCL. The doses received by the people of the area were within the ICRP-65 recommended value (3-10mSv).

HEH-04RADON IN DRINKING WATER SOURCES FROM CHAKWAL REGION

1Z.Wazir, 2F. Khan, , S.U. Rehman3 and Iftikhar A.Raja4

1Department of Basic Science Riphah International University Islamabad 2Department of Geology university of Haripur, KPK

4Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Abbottabad, KPK-Pakistan 3Department of Medical Physics, NORI Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan

zafar.wazir@riphah.edu.pk

ABSTRACTThe current study was carried out for radon concentration in drinking water in various sources in Chakwal region of Punjab. The samples of water were collected from bore/well, surface water used by the area people for drinking purposes. The measurements were taken by active technique using Pylon AB series. The samples were collected in the month of April, 2015. A total of 50 samples were collected with one each duplicate sample for 10 samples each. The radon concentrations range from 4.2 to 8.5kBq/m3

and 2.1 to 5.3kBq/m3 in bore/well and surface water respectively. With mean respective values of 6.5±1.1 kBq/m3 and 4.3±0.7 kBq/m3. The respective doses from bore/well and surface water were 0.018±0.003mSv and 0.012±0.002mSv. the radon level in all the samples were within the limit recommended by various agencies for example it is 11kBq/m3 by US EPA.

HEH-06EVALUATION OF WASTEWATER SUITABILITY FOR IRRIGATION AND

ITS IMPACT ON SOIL IN SUBURBAN AREAS OF VEHARI-PAKISTAN

S. Khalid*, M. Shahid, H.F.S.G. Bakhat, G. Abbas, H.M.R. Javeed*, B. MurtazaDepartment of Environmental Sciences,

COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, Pakistansanakhalid@ciitvehari.edu.pk, muhammadshahid@ciitvehari.edu.pk

ABSTRACTPakistan is facing a serious shortage of freshwater, which has forced the farmers to use untreated wastewater for crop irrigation. The use of untreated wastewater has resulted in heavy metal accumulation in soil and vegetables, and poses a serious threat to human health after consumption of contaminated food. Therefore, an experiment was conducted at COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari to evaluate the suitability of wastewater for irrigation and its impact on soil quality. Soil and wastewater samples were collected from three locations of Vehari city: (i) Bhatta Ikram-ul-haq Sharqi colony (ii) 11WB Khanewal road and (iii) Pir Murad. Wastewater samples were evaluated for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), potassium (K), chlorides, bicarbonates, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and residual sodium carbonates (RSC). The collected soils were filled in pots. The pots were irrigated with wastewater at regular intervals. Soil samples were analyzed for pH, EC, Na, Ca, K, and lead (Pb), before and after plant cultivation. Results revealed that bicarbonates, RSC and EC in wastewater were higher than the permissible limits recommended by food and agriculture organization (FAO). Wastewater application increased soil organic matter contents and Pb concentration than control. These results demonstrated that wastewater used in Vehari city is not fit for irrigation purpose.

HSH-02SOCIO-CULTURAL ACCEPTANCE AND GENDER ISSUES OF

PREVAILING SANITARY FACILITIES IN DISTRICT BATTAGRAM, PAKISTAN

Abid Hussain1, Aamir Sohail2 and Iftikhar A Raja1

Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan

2Department of Management Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistanabid.environment@gmail.com, amir_shahzad120@yahoo.com

ABSTRACTThe sanitation system promotes human health by providing clean environment and breaks the cycle of diseases. In order to be sustainable, a sanitation system has to be not only economically viable and technically appropriate, but it should also be socially acceptable. This paper evaluates socio-cultural acceptance and appropriateness of the sanitation systems in District Battagram, Pakistan with respect to accessibility, acceptability and privacy. The paper also looks into the gender issues faced by the community due to prevailing sanitation facilities. Study found that in terms of acceptability, majority of the respondents were satisfied with the sanitation systems installed. However, in case of accessibility, majority of the household members were not satisfied with the distance between toilets and their houses. In many localities women and children never leave the house after dark due to the risk involved. Thus use of any toilet facility outside the house is impossible at night for women and children. The dissatisfaction of community members with the sanitation systems and the gender issues mostly faced by the women show that sanitation systems are un-sustainable from socio-cultural perspective.

HSW-01STUDY OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN RICE INDUSTRY

VEHARI

Maryam Lateef*, Syeda Amber Fatima

* Environmental Sciences Department, Comsats Institute of Information Technology Vehari** Environmental Sciences Department, Kinnaird College for Women Lahore

maryamlateef@ciitvehari.edu.pk

ABSTRACTThe study was conducted to observe the occupational health and safety issues and its protective measures in Lucky Rice Mills, 7-Km, Burewala Road, Vehari, Rice industry falls in the category of agricultural industry. Some issues are expected in rice industry including: dust, fly ash, noise, suffocation, waste water contaminants and solid waste etc. These issues can badly effect on the health of workers such as breathing difficulties, chronic respiratory disorder, skin allergic reactions etc. Poor maintenance of machines can cause serious injury of workers also. The industry was visited many times to observe the OSH practices in industry. Data regarding the age of workers, the relations between workers, their satisfaction about monthly expense, their overall health, their mental health, and coughing or breathing difficulties due to dust and sleeping difficulties were collected through questionnaire survey. Checklist was prepared to conduct gap analysis and the results of checklist were analyzed with OSH standards. A good Housekeeping was observed throughout the industry such as the floor, storage areas, worker rest room, cupboards and shelves were clean, and the floors were free from dripping of any hazards and the ventilation system was good with excessive light. Fire extinguishers were placed in a proper place but sign boards and emergency alarms were not present. There was a trained first aider for emergency. OSH policy was also not displayed. The emergency contact numbers were not displayed at all the important points. Switches, plugs were in good condition. Samples of ambient air, drinking water and waste water were taken and analyzed in the laboratory of industry. It was seen that drinking water and waste water were within limits and the ambient air qualities were also within limits except PM10. Noise was monitored in different unit of industry although noise level was high in boiler unit that was 82.5 dB. Personal protective equipments were in use but ear muffs were not provided. The industry should keep the record of accidents of workers, warning signs should be displayed and raise the awareness among the workers with respect to OSH. The overall conditions of OSH in industry were observed good.

HSW-03ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH RISK ASSOCIATED WITH EXPOSURE OF LABORS TO HIGH CONCENTRATION OF PM10 IN CONSTRUCTION

ACTIVITIES. A CASE STUDY OF DISTRICT SWAT [NORTH OF PAKISTAN

Rowaidullah, Muhammad Nafees*, Sifatullah**, Bashir Ahmed*** Asmat AliDepartment of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of information Technology Abbottabad,

Pakistan* Department of Environmental Sciences University of Peshawar, Pakistan 25000.

** Japan International Corporation Agency Kabul, Afghanistan.***United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) Peshawar Pakistan.

rowaidullah@ciit.net.pk, asmatenv@gmail.com, Nafees36@yahoo.com, Sifat_mukhtar@yahoo.comdrbashir03@gmail.com

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted during 2011-12 in district Swat, with the objective to determine the emission level of PM10 and its impact on public health. The study area was divided into four sites. Each site was monitored periodically after every 4 months with the regular interval of 3 hours. By comparing the acquired data with Pakistan National Environmental Quality Standards (Pak-NEQS), significant increase was observed. The highest value was observed at Asphalt plant (Site IV) which was 172.25µg/m3, followed by site I, III and II which were 162.75 to 162.50µg/m3 against the accepted limit 150µg/m3. To assess public health, two different questioner surveys were carried out among the labors and the Community. Labors at Site IV (Asphalt plant) were highly prone to PM10 due to fumes. Labors along the road side at site-I was comparatively more vulnerable to PM10. Common diseases, like skin problems, chest problem, eyes irritation and other injuries were common. It was concluded that labors at

works without occupational safety are more likely to serious health diseases. Therefore proper mitigation measures as mentioned in the EIA report of the project should be taken.

Disaster Management and Environmental Risk

IDI-01THE TSUNAMI DISASTER AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON SRI LANKA IN

THE CONTEXT OF HAMBANTOTA DISTRICT

S.W. Amarasinghe1 and Riddley Jayasinghe2

University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka , National Institute of Social Development, Sri Lanka, sarath@soci.ruh.ac.lk, riddleyippswsl@gmail.com

ABSTRACT The 9.1~9.3 magnitude earthquake which took place in Coastal Sumatra triggered tsunami on 26 December 2004 and Sri Lanka was the second largest number of casualties after Indonesia. Around 35000 civilian lives were lost, over one million people were displaced and about 4000 children left without parents to this disaster. Many people lost their homes, land and properties and mostly their loved ones causing immense trauma in these families even today. Other than the damages caused by tsunami to the lives and infrastructure of the affected communities, it drastically damaged the fishing economy and the livelihoods of the people living in the coastal belt of the island. Goonatillake 2007. The impact on coastal fishing communities and residents of the affected area, some of the poorest in the region, has been devastating with high losses of income earners as well as boats and fishing gear. Preliminary estimates indicate that 66% of the fishing fleet and industrial infrastructure in coastal regions have been destroyed by the wave surges, which will have adverse economic effects both at local and national levels. FAO 2005. The destructive impacts on the coastal environment and infrastructure caused by the tsunami was vicious to emerge various other negative outcomes to affected communities. Spread of solid and liquid waste and industrial chemicals, water pollution and the destruction of sewage collectors and treatment plants threaten the environment even further, in untold ways. The damage to the environment will make it even more difficult for coastal populations to rebuild their livelihoods and resume agricultural or freshwater aquaculture activities. Rego 2015.

The research problem of this study is to investigate the role and the significance of incorporating social work and counseling methodologies in the implementation of rebuilding and rehabilitation strategies in the tsunami affected areas of southern Sri Lanka in the context of Hambantota district.

IDI-02BALOCHISTAN EARTHQUAKE OF 2013 AND EMERGENCE OF A NEW

ISLAND IN ARABIAN SEA

Javed Iqbal, Ishtiaq A K Jadoon and Iftikhar A Raja1

Department of Earth Sciences, 1Department of Environmental Sciences,COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Abbottabad, Pakistan

javediqbalgeo@gmail.com

AbstractAn earthquake of 7.7 magnitude struck south-central Pakistan on September 24, 2013. The epicenter of the earthquake was 63 km north-north-east (NNE) of Awaran in Baluchistan. In addition to Pakistan the earth quake also affected different cities of Iran, India and Afghanistan. According to U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) the original cause of the earthquake was displacement along oblique-strike-slip fault at a depth of only 15 km. The earth quake has led to the creation of an island in the Arabian Sea which is unusual in case of strike-slip faulting and it raises the question of the nature and original mechanism of the earthquake. The formation of the island indicates that there is a significant push of the northward moving Indo-Pakistani plate along with oblique-strike-slip faulting which was the original motion of the earthquake.

Keywords: Baluchistan earthquake, Pakistan, Awaran, Island, strike-slip fault, Arabian Sea

IDM-01FLOOD MODELING OF KUNHAR RIVER USING HYDROLOGIC AND

HYDRAULIC MODELINGArjumand Z. Zaidi

Department of Remote Sensing and Geo-information ScienceInstitute of Space Technology, Karachi, Pakistan

arjumand.zaidi@ist.edu.pk

ABSTRACTThe study presented in this paper uses the advance geospatial hydraulic and hydrologic techniques to model the extent of flood in Kunhar River, a tributary of Jhelum River flowing through the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Data acquired for flood modeling are 30 meter ASTER Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Google Earth image of 2015 and flow gauge readings. The watershed boundaries and Kunhar River main stem are delineated with the help of DEM using ArcGIS software tool Arc Hydro. HEC-RAS and HEC-GeoRAS are used for hydraulic modeling. HEC-GeoRAS is an extension of ArcGIS that is used for pre-processing of data to create a geo-referenced HEC-RAS geometry layer. Hydraulic analysis is done in one dimension flood simulating model HEC-RAS by importing RAS layer, inputting flow data and running the model. Post-processing of HEC-RAS modeled flood is conducted by importing RAS output file in HEC-GeoRAS. Flood mapping using geospatial techniques and hydraulic modeling are helpful for disaster management authorities to develop early warning systems in the vulnerable areas and to respond and recover from emergency situations during flood events. The extent of flood modeled in this study can also be used for delineating flood risk zone in Kunhar River basin.

IDM-04How to transform pakistan into flood and drought proof country

A. H. Malik*, F. R. Amin, W. Niaz, N. Saqib**COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad

Centre for Climate Research & Development (CCRD)

** DESIGNMEN Consulting Engineers (Pvt) Ltd., Islamabadahmalik@comsats.edu.pk, farrukh.raza@comsats.edu.pk,Wajeeha.niaz@comsats.edu.pk, najam23091 @yahoo.com

ABSTRACTPakistan is currently close to using all of the available surface & ground water resources, but yet it is projected that over 30 percent more water will be needed for the next twenty years to meet increased agricultural, domestic, and industrial demands. Average annual escapade below Kotri, the last barrage on the Indus River, going to the sea, is about 35 to 38 Million Acre Feet (MAF), indeed, a provision has to be made for certain flow requirements of about 10 MAF below Kotri Barrage to meet the ecological needs under the Water Accord of 1991, that means, the largest additional water potential can come from the average annual flow to the sea which is about 25 MAF annually, mostly in form of flood water that can be stored for example under-ground in the wet season. The idea is to divert this surplus flood water in the wet season in the Indus River System in Pakistan, especially in Punjab & in Sindh mostly from the western rivers towards eastern rivers through gravity flow groundwater recharge canals to reduce flood burden in the downstream of different barrages, to avoid any flood disaster and also to utilize this surplus diverted flood water to recharge the over mined aquifers, and also to improve its quality, may be dried older river beds can be utilized already available of the eastern rivers, Ravi, Sutlej & Bias after the Indus

Water Treaty (IWT), to compensate their water quality & quantity and also for groundwater recharge purpose for the coming droughts and also to save it from evaporation losses.

Special Symposia

SEI-03IMPACT OF CLIMATIC VARIABILITY ON SALT PRODUCTION IN SAMBHAR LAKE, A RAMSAR WETLAND OF RAJASTHAN, INDIA

Aamir Bhat and K.C. SharmaDepartment of Environmental Science,

Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8 Bandarsindri, Kishangarh 305817, Ajmer, India

aamirbhatenv@gmail.com

ABSTRACTClimate and weather conditions affect almost every industry in nearly every country. Over the coming decades climate change could potentially have impacts on many industries. For example, salt production, particularly in developing regions of the world is likely to be hard hit by climate change over the coming decades. Sambhar Lake has a wealth that support diverse and unique habitats of ecosystem. In this context, the importance of temperature and rainfall for salt production is highlighted in this paper. This paper briefly describes Indices such as frequencies of daily minimum and maximum temperature, monthly rainfall, number of rainy days in each month, annual rainfall and total number of rainy days in a year. The analysis of the data revealed that the rainfall pattern has changed slightly during the years of study. The monthly number of rainy days has increased during the monsoon season for the period from 2010 to 2013.The analysis shows that the change in temperature and rainfall patterns of climatic shift which may affect the salt production. It was observed from data that during the years in which annual rainfall was less the salt production was while as during the years in which annual rainfall was higher the salt production was low.

SEI-04FINANCIAL MECHANISM FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES -

DESIGNING CLIMATE CHANGE INVESTMENT BANK FOR PAKISTAN Seeme Mallick

Centre for Climate Research and Development (CCRD), COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad

dr.seeme.mallick@comsats.edu.pk

ABSTRACTClimate change is a subject matter for meteorologists/climatologist; ecologist; geologist and oceanographers. With the Stern Review and Garnaut Climate Change Review, climate change appeared on the horizon of financial and economic resources debate. It became imperative that new mechanisms that link financial investment with mitigation and adaption for climate change are designed. When economist and financial experts, start debating climate change, it means that the subject matter now includes costs for factors of production that are linked to and are being affected by climate change. Energy resource, particularly, the fossil fuels are the bases of this discussion due to the links with CO2 emissions and other GHG emissions. There is a need for regular financial resource: To cover the abatement costs of pollution; designing renewable energy technologies and markets for renewable energy. The debate is now focused on financial instruments for climate change. With global Green Climate Fund (GCF) becoming functional, there is a need to design national GCFs. This is where the review of experience of established financial institutions will set the guiding lines for new country initiatives. The Climate Change Investment bank will prepare Pakistan for future economic development that is sustainable and prepared for climate change.

SEI-05DELINEATION OF CATASTROPHIC EFFECTS OF CLIMATE MODIFICATIONS IN

PAKISTAN USING GIS and REMOTE SENSING

Hafsa Bashir, Shiekh Saeed Ahmad*, Department of Environmental Sciences,

Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.hafsabashir07@gmail.com, drsaeed@fjwu.edu.pk

ABSTRACTWith the increased urbanization, the phenomenon of global climatic modification is observed. The global climate change has more effects over developing countries like Pakistan. The change in climate varies over time scale as well as from country to country and region to region. The changing scenario has increased the risk of deforestations, glacier melting’s, temperature fluctuations and unexpected increase or decrease in river catchments. This review paper will give a brief view about the climatic modification and hazards that were observed as a result of it in Pakistan.

SEI-06ALLEVIATING THE THREATS OF CLIMATE CHANGE OVER HYDROLOGICAL

RESOURCES OF ASIA-REVIEW PAPER

Sana Ghaffar, Hafsa Bashir, Shiekh Saeed Ahmad Department of Environmental Sciences,

Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.drsaeed@fjwu.edu.pk

ABSTRACTWater resources, being non renewable resource, have large impact over society and ecosystem. The increase in temperature is responsible for changing weather which is in return affecting hydrological resources of Asia. The changing temperature is found to be modulating the precipitation rate. The changes in precipitation rate is posing threat towards the economy of Asian Countries as floods, droughts are becoming common. This paper will give a brief view about the impacts of changing climate over hydrological resource.

SEI-07BIOCHAR UTILIZATION AS A STRATEGY FOR SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT AND CLIMATE MITIGATION- A REVIEW PAPER

Habiba Khalid*, Amir H Malik***Environmental Consultant, Abbottabad,

Centre for Climate Research and Development (CCRD), COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Park Road, ChakShahzad, Islamabad

habibakhalid.khalid@gmail.com, ahmalik@comsats.edu.pk

ABSTRACT

Climate change presents one of the greatest challenges facing humanity. The anthropogenic emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases are widely considered to be the primary driver of global warming and climate change. Climate change mitigation strategies are being considered and implemented by government and non-government organizations worldwide. One practice that has attracted attention as a tool to offset and reduce emissions of greenhouse gases is the manufacture and application to soil of charred biomass, commonly referred to as biochar. As a soil amendment, biochar can stabilize carbon below ground and potentially increase agricultural and forest productivity. It is also resistant to decomposition when incorporated in soil , and can serve as a significant carbon sink. Researchers have examined the potential of biochar to produce multiple environmental benefits including energy production and agronomic improvements,while simultaneously sequestering carbon and reducing net greenhouse gas emissions. This paper reviews current scientific literature to evaluate biochar’s

potential to stabilize carbon below ground, all while producing a number of other environmental and economic benefits. The feasibility of implementing biochar systems is considered in the context of carbon-market incentives that may be adapted to motivate investment in biochar production. It is produced by different techniques, pyrolysis being the most popular one, where biochar produced from organic waste not only reduces solid waste but also limits harmful emissions and climate relevant greenhouse gas generation.