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Faade Engineering Environmentally Sustainable Design Slide 2 Structurally sound Fire-safe Does not leak Comfortable Controlled Ventilation MEETS BUILDING CODES AND THE MINIMUM STANDARD OF CARE Slide 3 Source : Rockwool International website Slide 4 Source : Architecture 2030 Slide 5 Slide 6 DEFINITION OF A GREEN BUILDING A building that meets codes and saves ENERGY Slide 7 USE LESS GLASS ! Slide 8 Concept glass cube house to showcase furniture with extra clear glass by Santambrogiomilano Slide 9 The biggest cost items in high-rise office buildings are typically SUPERSTRUCTURE, FACADES and MEP SERVICES Slide 10 LIMIT THE GLAZING AREA TO 30 35% USE HIGH PERFORMANCE GLASS Slide 11 PROVIDE CORRECT VENTILATION adopt ASHRAE Standard 62 Slide 12 PROPER COMMISSIONING Slide 13 Slide 14 The Impact of FAADES on Energy Efficiency of Buildings Slide 15 U.S. Energy Consumption by Sector. A reorganization of existing data - combining the energy required to run residential, commercial, and industrial buildings along with the embodied energy of industry-produced materials like carpet, tile, and hardware - exposes architecture as the hidden polluter Source : Architecture 2030 architecture is the hidden polluter Slide 16 What shall we do? DESIGN STRATEGIES TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS OFF-SITE RENEWABLE ENERGY Slide 17 Source : UK Energy Efficiency Best Practice Program Energy Consumption Guide 19: Energy Use in Offices ENERGY USE IN OFFICES Slide 18 Air conditioning load is due to lighting, equipment, people and heat gained through the facade Slide 19 How efficient is your faade? Slide 20 OTTV Overall Thermal Transfer Value WATTS PER M 2 Slide 21 HEAT W = OTTV x skin area W / m2 x m2 Slide 22 external environment Slide 23 OTTV x (1-WWR) x U w + x WWR x U f + x x WWR x CF T deq SC SF D T DIFFERENTIAL TEMPERATURE EQUIVALENT TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE SOLAR FACTOR SOLAR CORRECTION FACTOR SHADING COEFFICIENT Slide 24 (1 WWR)Uw + (WWR)Uf + ( x CF x WWR x SC) 15 6 194 OTTV Simplified Formula Slide 25 Q gc glass conduction Q wc wall conduction Q gs glass solar Slide 26 (1 WWR)Uw + (WWR)Uf + ( x CF x WWR x SC) 15 6 194 WALL HEAT WINDOW HEATSOLAR THROUGH GLASS OTTV Slide 27 Q gc glass conduction Q wc wall conduction Q gs glass solar 5% 10% - 20% 80% Slide 28 15 (1 WWR) + 6(WWR) + (194 x x WWR x ) OTTV Simplified Formula Uw Uf SC CF BLACK0.9 1.0 WHITE0.15 0.3 SILVER / ALUMINIUM0.1 SOLAR ABSORPTION FACTOR U VALUE Slide 29 15 (1 WWR) + 6(WWR) + (194 x x WWR x ) OTTV Uw UfSC CF SOLAR CORRECTION FACTOR Slide 30 Orientation of Buildings Slide 31 15 (1 WWR) + 6(WWR) + (194 x x WWR x ) OTTV Uw Uf SC CF SHADING COEFFICIENT Slide 32 The lower the SC, the darker the interior Slide 33 The higher the VLT, the lighter the interior, but beware of GLARE Slide 34 SHADING COEFFICIENT SC SC = SC 1 x SC 2 Slide 35 Slide 36 15 (1 ) + 6( ) + (194 x x x ) OTTV Uw UfSC CF Window Wall Ratio WWR WWR WWR Slide 37 The Window Wall Ratio Slide 38 Window Wall Ratio Slide 39 WWR - Window / Wall Ratio (%) 11131517192123252729 OTTV36394447515559636771 Slide 40 Slide 41 Sound insulation does not work when the air gap is small, say 6 mm Increase air gap = 20 - 100 mm DGU double glazed unit Slide 42 Low- Emissivity Glass Type of GlassR Value Single Pane regular glass0.85 Clear Insulated Glass 7/8 inch overall thickness2.08 Hard Coat Low-E insulated glass2.45 Hard Coat Low-E insulated glass with argon2.75 Soft Coat Low-E insulated Glass3.50 Soft Coat Low-E insulated glass with argon4.35 Slide 43 Soft Coat Low-E glass Silver, zinc, or tin are sputtered onto the surface of the glass where they stick. Coating is not strong and easily scratched Hard Coat Low-E glass Molten tin is heat welded to the glass. Coating is very strong and difficult to scratch or remove Slide 44 RNC Slide 45 NRNC RNC EE CRITERIA Points EE1 : Minimum EE Performance EE2 : Renewable Energy EE3 : Advanced EE Performance based on OTTV + RTTV EE4 : Home Office + Connectivity EE5 : Sustainable Maintenance 3 5 10 2 3 Slide 46 RNC EE1 : MINIMUM EE PERFORMANCE INTENT Establishing minimum EE performance to reduce energy consumption in buildings, thus reducing carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere. REQUIREMENT Points Meet MS 1525:2007 specifications: OTTV 50 W/m 2 RTTV 25 W/m 2 AND Roof U values 0.4 W/m 2 K for lightweight roofs 0.6 W/m 2 K for heavyweight roofs 3 ROOF WEIGHT GROUP lightweight roof = < 50 kg/m 2 heavyweight roof= > 50 kg/m 2 Slide 47 RNC EE1 : MINIMUM EE PERFORMANCE Window / Wall Ratio (%) 11131517192123252729 OTTV36394447515559636771 Glass Shading Coefficient 0.350.450.550.650.700.750.800.850.900.95 OTTV37424853555860636668 Existing Design - Assumptions WWR = 25 % Glazing SC = 0.85 Glazing U-Value = 5.7 W/m 2 K Wall U-Value = 3.2 W/m 2 K OTTV = 63 W/m 2 Target OTTV 50 W/m 2 Slide 48 RNC EE1 : MINIMUM EE PERFORMANCE ROOF U VALUE CALCULATIONS 1 2 3 4,5 6 1 2 3 4 Target Roof U Value 0.6 W/m 2 K Slide 49 RNC EE3 : ADVANCED EE PERFORMANCE INTENT Enhance building to provide thermally comfortable environment to reduce the use of air-conditioning REQUIREMENT Points OTTV 46 W/m 2, Roof U values 0.35 W/m 2 K (lightwt), 0.5 W/m 2 K (heavywt) OTTV 44 W/m 2, Roof U values 0.30 W/m 2 K (lightwt), 0.4 W/m 2 K (heavywt) OTTV 42 W/m 2, Roof U values 0.25 W/m 2 K (lightwt), 0.3 W/m 2 K (heavywt) OTTV 40 W/m 2, Roof U values 0.20 W/m 2 K (lightwt), 0.2 W/m 2 K (heavywt) OTTV 38 W/m 2, Roof U values 0.15 W/m 2 K (lightwt), 0.15 W/m 2 K (heavywt) 2 4 6 8 10 Slide 50 RNC EE3 : ADVANCED EE PERFORMANCE Window / Wall Ratio (%) 11131517192123252729 OTTV36394447515559636771 Glass Shading Coefficient 0.350.450.550.650.700.750.800.850.900.95 OTTV37424853555860636668 Design to MS 1525:2007 WWR = 25 % Glazing SC = 0.60 Glazing U-Value = 5.7 W/m 2 K Wall U-Value = 3.2 W/m 2 K OTTV = 50 W/m 2 Target OTTV 46 W/m 2 - 2 points 44 W/m 2 - 4 points 42 W/m 2 - 6 points 40 W/m 2 - 8 points 38 W/m 2 - 10 points Slide 51 RNC EE3 : ADVANCED EE PERFORMANCE ROOF U VALUE CALCULATIONS +2 points +6 points +10 points +4 points +8 points Slide 52 NRNC Slide 53 NRNC EE CRITERA Points DESIGN EE1 : Minimum EE Performance EE2 : Lighting Zoning EE3 : Electrical Sub-Metering EE4 : Renewable Energy EE5 : Advanced EE Performance 1 3 1 5 15 COMMISSIONING EE6 : Enhanced Commissioning EE7 : Post Occupancy Commissioning 3232 VERIFICATION & MAINTENANCE EE8 : EE Verification EE9 : Sustainable Maintenance 2323 Slide 54 NRNC EE1 : MINIMUM EE PERFORMANCE INTENT Establishing minimum EE performance to reduce energy consumption in buildings, thus reducing carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere. REQUIREMENT Points Meet MS 1525:2007 specifications : OTTV 50 W/m 2 RTTV 25 W/m 2 AND Provision of EMS where air-conditioned space 4,000m 2 1 Slide 55 NRNC EE5 : ADVANCED EE PERFORMANCE INTENT Exceed EE performance and achieve Building Energy Intensity 150 kWh/m 2 yr REQUIREMENT Points Achieve BEI 150 kWh/m 2 yr Achieve BEI 140 kWh/m 2 yr Achieve BEI 130 kWh/m 2 yr Achieve BEI 120 kWh/m 2 yr Achieve BEI 110 kWh/m 2 yr Achieve BEI 100 kWh/m 2 yr Achieve BEI 90 kWh/m 2 yr Values above are for Office buildings only 2 3 5 8 10 12 15 Slide 56 NRNC EE5 : ADVANCED EE PERFORMANCE BEI of office buildings in Malaysia Source : PTM Slide 57 What's on the Horizon? Source : Reliant Energy Retail Holdings LLC Using refractive and reflective optics allows direct daylight to be distributed deeper into a building's core. Slide 58 THANK YOU Fenestra Malaysia Sdn Bhd J-5-12 Solaris Mont Kiara 2 Jalan Solaris 50480 Kuala Lumpur T +603 6205 1288 F +603 6205 1289 E info@fenestra.com.my