environmental goals and metrics cee 115 / 215 lecture outline site water energy ieq material and...
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215 Lecture Outline
SiteWaterEnergyIEQMaterial and Resources
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1. Minimize Energy Requirements
2. Use Renewable Energy
3. Use Efficient Fossil-Fuel Based
Technologies
Energy- A Blueprint for Design
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215 Minimize Energy Requirements
Minimize Infiltration
Maximize InsulationIntegrate Passive Solar Design
No need to add/remove heat that you don’t remove/add!
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215 Use Renewable Energy
• PV is the most practical means of generating renewable electricity in an urban environment. Further, BIPV can be directly substituted for other cladding materials, at a lower material cost than the stone and metal it replaces.
• A wide variety of BIPV systems are available in today's markets. Most of them can be grouped into two main categories: facade systems and roofing systems. Facade systems include curtain wall products, spandrel panels, and glazings. Roofing systems include tiles, shingles, standing seam products, and skylights.
• And of course, traditional PV
• Purchase green power, though this is a last resort and you pay a premium
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215 Use Efficient Fossil-Fuel Based Technologies
Efficient conditioning strategies• Displacement ventilation (DV)• Under-floor air distribution systems (UFAD)• Natural ventilation• Night-time setback
Efficient mechanical systems for heating and cooling• Efficient chillers, boilers, pumps, fans, controls
Efficient lighting fixtures and control systems• T8 and T5 fixtures• LED exit signs• CFLs• Occupancy sensors• Dimmable ballasts
Efficient non-mechanical equipment• EnergyStar office equipment
Energy management systems• Optimize equipment control strategies• Continuous equipment monitoring
Building Commissioning• New construction, retro-commissioning, continuous commissioning
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215 Goals for Indoor Environmental Quality?
• Health
Productivity• Comfort
• Illumination
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215 Indoor Environmental Quality
Americans, on average, spend:
_______ % of time indoors
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215 Indoor Environmental Quality
Americans, on average, spend:
90 % of time
indoors
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215 Health
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215 Pollutant Sources
Pollutant or Pollutant Class Potential Sources
Environmental Tobacco Smoke Lighted cigarettes, cigars, pipesCombustion Contaminants Furnaces, generators, gas or kerosene space heaters, tobacco
products, outdoor air, vehicles.Biological Contaminants Wet or damp materials, cooling towers, humidifiers, cooling coils
or drain pans, damp duct insulation or filters, condensation, re-entrained sanitary exhausts, bird droppings, cockroaches or rodents,dustmites on upholstered furniture or carpeting, body odors.
Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs)
Paints, stains, varnishes, solvents, pesticides, adhesives, woodpreservatives, waxes, polishes, cleansers, lubricants, sealants, dyes,air fresheners, fuels, plastics, copy machines, printers, tobaccoproducts, perfumes, dry cleaned clothing.
Formaldehyde Particle board, plywood, cabinetry, furniture, fabrics.Soil gases (radon, sewer gas, VOCs,methane)
Soil and rock (radon), sewer drain leak, dry drain traps, leakingunderground storage tanks, land fill
Particles and Fibers Printing, paper handling, smoking and other combustion, outdoorsources, deterioration of materials, construction/renovation,vacuuming, insulation.
Pesticides Termiticides, insecticides, rodenticides, fungicides, disinfectants,herbicides.
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215 Low VOC Materials
Adhesives and Sealants Paints and Coatings Carpet (CRI Green Label Program) Formaldehyde-Free Composite Wood Products
MDF (Medex and Medite II by Sierra Pine) Casework Cornice Boards Tackboards Projection Screen Housings
Plywood Fire-treated wood Wood Doors (tested low VOC)
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215 VOCs Volatile Organic Compounds
Eye Irritation
Upper Respiratory Irritation
Headache
Nausea, dizziness
Tired and General Lethargy
Odor Complaints
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215 Mold and Mildew
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215 Sick Building Syndrome
Occupants dissatisfied with their indoor air quality
Most common causes insufficient outside air Biological contaminants within HVAC system Exhaust air / contaminated air re-entering the
building
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215 Comfort
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215 Heat Transfer
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215 ASHRAE Standard 55
Operative Temperature = average of
ambient temperature and mean radiant temperature
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215 Occupant Controls
http://www.epa.gov/iaq/largebldgs/i-beam_html/qref.htm
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215 Operable Windows
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215 Over-crowded Offices
http://www.epa.gov/iaq/largebldgs/i-beam_html/qref.htm
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215 Displacement Ventilation
Graphic courtesy Xetex, Inc.
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215 Illumination
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215 Illuminance vs. Luminance
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215 Xilinx, Longmont, Colorado
Architect: DTJ Design
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215 Efficient Lighting
IDEAS
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215 Boulder Community Hospital
Architect: Unknown
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215 Daylighting & Views
Architects: OZ Architects, Boulder Associates
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215 Productivity
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215 Motivation
Daylit classrooms have been shown to significantly improve student performance.
Daylighting in Schools -- Heschong Mahone Group,
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20% faster on math tests than those students with the least daylight
26% faster on reading tests than those students with the least daylight
Daylighting Study
Daylighting in Schools – Heschong Mahone Group, 1991
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215 Retail Study
A skylit store had, on average, sales revenue 40% higher than a store without skylights
If a non-skylit store averaged $2/sf in revenue, a skylit store would average between $2.61 to $2.98/sf in revenue
Daylighting and Retail Sales – Heschong Mahone Group, 1999
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215 Productivity Improvements
Lockheed 15% rise in
production 15% drop in
absenteeism
West Bend Mutual Ins. 16% increase in
claims processes
ING Bank 15% drop in
absenteeism
Verifone 5% increase in
productivity 40% drop in
absenteeism
www.rmi.org - “Greening the Building and the Bottom Line”www.betterbricks.com