RISK MANAGEMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL

PROTECTION AND WASTE

MANAGEMENT

By:Alok Agrwal-CMSRSL, New Delhi

RISK MANAGEMENT

Basics of Pollution

• Definition: Undesirable elements in environment that can affect life and property adversely

• Source: Naturally occurring and manmade • Types/Forms?: Air, Water, Soil , Noise,

Radioactive• Various Pollutants?

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Health Effects of of Common Pollutants

• Suspended particulate: Chokes lung, carrier for several other pollutant

• SO2: Irritant, aggravates heart & lung disease, supports Cancer

• NOx: Morphological changes in lung, irritant• CO: Generates COHb impairing release of oxygen from Hb• Benzene: Damages bone marrow, may cause cancer,

Anemia/leukemia, affects peripheral nerves/spinal chord• PAH: Responsible for tumor, destroys genetic cells of DNA• Ozone: reduces immune system, aggravated pulmonary

diseases

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Health Effects of Common Pollutants

• Lead: Brain, kidney and reproductive system, convulsions in later life

• Barium: Muscular and Cardiovascular disorder, kidney damage• Chromium: Skin disorder, liver damage, known to be

carcinogenic• Mercury:Heart, brain, CNS, kidney• Copper: Toxic to aquatic life and microorganisms• Nickel/cobalt: Carcinogenic • Cadmium: Kidney, flu like disorder, high BP, sterility among

males Silver: Darkening of the skin and eyes• Solvents: Mostly Carcinogenic• Cyanide: Highly toxic • Pesticides: Mostly carcinogenic

(contd…)

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Why Environmental Management?

• Pollutants have long lasting effects on human body

• Difficult to separate once mixed with environment• End -of- pipe not successful• Raw materials depleting fast• Huge loss to economy• Env mgt: By enforcement or incentives

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Why Environmental legislation?

• Act?• Rules?• Notification?• Guidelines?

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Environmental Legislation

Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1974

Water (Prevention&Control of Pollution) Cess Act 1977

Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1981

Environment (Protection) Act 1986

Environmental Protection Rules 1986

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Rules under EPA:

Rules for Manufacture, Use, Import, Export, and Storage of Hazardous Micro Organisms, Genetically Engineered Organisms or Cells 1989

Coastal Regulation Zone Rules 1991

Chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning, Preparedness & Response) Rules 1996

Biomedical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules 1998

Batteries (Management & Handling) Rules 2001

Noise Pollution (Regulation & Control) Rules 2000

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Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation & Control) Amendment Rules 2001

Municipal Solid Wastes (Management & Handling) Rules 2000

Manufacture, Storage & Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules 1989

Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Amendment Rules 2003

Environment (Siting for industrial projects) Rules 1999-draft

Plastics Manufacture, Sale & Usage Rules 1999

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Important Notifications under EPA:

Restriction of certain activities on Antop Hills, Dahanu, Murad-Janjira, Doon Valley, Mahabaleshwar Panchgani, Kaziranga, Aravali Hills, Matheran (draft).

Prohibiting handling azodyes & benzidine based dyes

Prohibiting Open burning of waste oil

Formation of CGWB & Aquaculture Authority

Environmental Impact Assessment 1994

Public Hearing for EIA projects 1997

Taz Trapezium Zone Pollution (Prevention & Control) Authority

Laboratories permitted to use pathogens or GM organisms in 2000

Exemption for certain power projects from MoEF clearance 1997

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Utilisation of Fly Ash

Exemption of EIA for pipeline, EPH compulsory in each distr. for P/L & highway, raising investment ceiling for EIA in certain cases, exemption from MoEF clearance for certain irrigation project etc. in June 2002

EC for new construction/ industrial projects Aug 2004

Relaxation from EC for widening of irrigation canals in May 2003

Exempting EPH for SSI within industrial estate/SEZ, highway widening, August 2001

List of approved hazardous waste reprocessors

List of approved laboratories

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Public Liability Insurance Act 1991

 National Environmental Tribunal Act 1995

 National Environment Appellate Authority Act 1997

Biodiversity Act 2002

 Forest Conservation Rules 2003

 Wildlife Protection Act 2002

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Other Important Acts:

Factories Act

Land Acquisition Act

Insecticide Act

Merchant Shipping Act

Central Motor Vehicle Act

Prevention of Food Adulteration Act

Customs Act

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Beyond Legislation

• Waste Management • EMS/ISO 14000• Due Diligence • Responsible Care• Global Reporting Initiative• Corporate Social Responsibility• Climate Change/Global Warming

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Waste Management

• Municipal waste• Biomedical Waste• Radioactive waste • Industrial waste• Electronic waste• SOURCE?

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Industrial Waste… other than byproduct

• Sludge from ETP• Fuel Residue/Spillage• Metal Scrap, used liners, insulation etc.• Unused Raw material/discarded product batch• R & D lab• Packaging• Used Batteries• Municipal waste• Electronic Waste (from Manufacturing of PCB, Semiconductors,

CRT, assembly and Repair shops, disposal of Electronic Gadgets etc)

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Waste during Supply Chain

• Mining• Refining• Transportation• Material transfer• Processing• Product refining• Packaging• Marketing• End of Product Life

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Waste Minimisation

• Waste minimisation involves any technique, process or activity which either avoids, eliminates or reduces a waste at its source, usually within the confines of the production unit or allows reuse or recycling of the waste for benign purposes. It also provides for safe handling, treatment and disposal of residual, unusable waste.

• Reduce• Reuse• Recycle• Recover

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Waste Management –governing parameters

• Purity of raw material• Selection of technology• Optimising operational parameters viz. residence time,

interchange, press. Temp. etc.• Housekeeping• Cleaner Production

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Thanks