empowered committee reviewed transgenic project · chickpea" the empowered committee (ec) of...

CONTENTS

VOLUME 23, No. 2 APRIL - JUNE 2012

Empowered Committee ReviewedTransgenic Project

To review the progress of theNFBSFARA funded project on"Development of pod borer resistanttransgenic pigeonpea andchickpea" the EmpoweredCommittee (EC) of National Fundfor Basic, Strategic & FrontierApplication Research in Agriculture(NFBSFARA), ICAR, visited theInstitute on June 27, 2012.Dr. Mangala Rai, Chairman, EC andformer Director General (ICAR),Dr. Swapan K. Datta, Deputy DirectorGeneral (CS), ICAR, Prof. S.K. Sen,IIT-Kharagpur, Dr. P. Ananda Kumar,Project Director, NRCPB, New Delhi,Dr. A. Bandyopadhyay, NationalCoordinator, NFBSFARA, New Delhiand project partners f rom IIPRparticipated in the review meeting.

Dr. Mangala Rai, Chairman, EC,appreciated the efforts being made bydifferent core groups and suggested formore sincere efforts for development of

transgenic events and emphasizedupon effective interactions between andwithin groups for streamlining a unifiedgenotype independent transformationprotocol for both the pulses. Effortstowards identification of potentialinsecticidal genes of proven efficacyshould be at top priority. He reiteratedthat any back cross breedingprogramme in pulse transgenics shouldbe taken up only af ter detailedcharacterization of the events at IIPR,Kanpur using both molecular

techniques and insect bioassay.Dr. Swapan Datta, exhorted theneed for gene pyramidingstrategies, containment facility foryear round activities in chickpeaand pigeonpea and formation ofbiosafety group for transgenicbiosafety evaluation, ascomponent of transgenicdevelopment programme. He alsoadded that all the transgenicchickpea and pigeonpea linesdeveloped by the collaborating

News 2-3 Annual Group Meet on AICRPsResearch Highlights 3-6 New Varieties Identified Host-Genotypic Influences on

Rhizobial Symbiotic Performance A Spontaneous Mutant in

Pigeonpea Mycorrhiza Enhanced Root

Biomass and P-uptake in Lentil Non-radioactive Based Detection

of Transgenes in Chickpea Induction of Embryogenetic

Potential from Callus of Chickpea Long-Term Effect of Nutrient Supply

Systems on C-sequestration Infestation of Rhyzopertha

Dominica in Stored Mung and Urd Occurrence of Predatory

Coccinellids in Lentil Ecosystem Dal Analogue from Pigeonpea

Milling By-product Utilizing Furrows in Permanent

Raised Beds Outbreak of Aphids in Summer

Irrigated Blackgram of Tamil Nadui zkS| ksfxdh gLrkarj .k 7 d"̀kdksa&nky fuekZrk ,oa oSKkfudksa dh

l a;qDr cSBd vk;ksft r t u t krh; i fj ; kst uk ds varxZr

l keqnkf;d vknkuksa dk forj .k d"̀kd i zf' k{k.k vk;ksft rDirector’s Desk 8

Dr. N. Nadarajan ChairmanDr. P.S. Basu MemberDr. M.S. Venkatesh MemberDr. Jitendra Kumar MemberDr. Naimuddin MemberMr. D. Upadhyaya Member

Secretary

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE

2 Indian Institute of Pulses Research

institutions should be made availableto IIPR, Kanpur for further evaluationand confirmation of their reactionagainst gram pod borer.

Dr. N. Nadarajan, Director IIPR,(PI, Core Group 1) presented thedetailed progress of the project andnarrated the advances made by IIPRtowards development of transgenicchickpea and pigeonpea usingsynthetic cry gene. Total 78 and 159putative primary transgenic plants ofchickpea and pigeonpea, respectivelyhave been established successfully in

Transgenic Containment Facility atIIPR. Dr. Nadarajan also informed abouttransfer of transgenic chickpea seedsfrom Assam Agricultural University,Jorhat to IIPR, for confirmation andevaluation. Similar initiatives areunderway with UAS, Dharwad fortransfer of transgenic pigeonpea seeds.Dr. S.K. Sen of IIT-Kharagpur (PI, CoreGroup 2) presented strategies for over-expression of cry gene(s), removal ofantibiotic selection marker and genepyramiding strategies using viralelements. Dr. P. Ananda Kumar,

Director, NRCPB (PI, Core Group 3)presented the current status oftransgenic development in pulses. Hestressed the need of pod-specificpromoter to ward off gram pod borerattack. Dr. A. Bandyopadhyay, NationalCoordinator, commented thatmolecular characterization of thetransgenic events should be done incollaboration with NRCPB, New Delhi.The Committee appreciated the workprogress and laboratory facilitiesdeveloped at IIPR, Kanpur.

Annual Group Meet on Pigeonpea The Annual Group Meet on

AICRP on Pigeonpea was held at UAS,Bangalore on May 13-15, 2012. In theinaugural session Dr. K. NarayanaGowda, Vice-Canceller, UAS,Bangalore, Dr. S.K. Datta, DDG (CS),ICAR, Dr. H. Shivanna, Director ofResearch, UAS, Bangalore, Dr. N.

Nadarajan, Director, IIPR and otherdignitaries were present. Dr. K.Narayana Gowda in his address saidthat pigeonpea is becoming importantcrop in Karnataka as it is gainingpopularity over other crops, such asragi, groundnut, etc. He pointed outthat many farmers are switching overto perennial crops and there ispossibility of having intercropping ofpigeonpea in this type of system.

Dr. Swapan K. Datta stressedupon the need to find out good planttypes, efficient pest managementpractices and post-harvest

management techniques and advisedto identify germplasm lines for variouscharacters.

Dr. N. Nadarajan, Director, IIPRpresented the scenario of pigeonpeain the country along with ProjectCoordinator's report. He stressed on

using the genomicresources developedthrough wholegenome sequencingof pigeonpea, widehybridization forwidening the geneticbase, identification ofnew geneticresistance sources ofSMD and storagegrain pests,development oftransgenic for

Helicoverpa resistance anddevelopment of typical plant types fordifferent agro climatic conditions. Healso emphasised on refinement ofmicro irrigation technology,identif ication of post-emergenceherbicides, development of efficientintercropping system, IPM modules,forecasting system of pests andmechanization of pulses production.

Later in the technical sessions,programmes of various disciplines werediscussed and finalized. Three newvarieties were identified in the group meet.

Annual Group Meet onMungbean and Urdbean

The 17th Annual Group Meet onMungbean and Urdbean (MULLaRP)was held on May 4-6, 2012 at OrissaUniversity of Agriculture andTechnology, Bhubaneshwar. Theinaugural session was chaired byProf . Debi Prasad Ray, Vice-Chancellor, OUAT, Bhubaneshwar,while Dr. B.B. Singh, ADG (O&P),ICAR, was the chief guest and Dr. N.Nadarajan, Director, IIPR was the guestof honour. The Group Meet wasattended by Dr. Sanjeev Gupta, PC,MULLaRP, Prof. J.M.L. Gulati, Dean ofResearch, OUAT, Dr. J. S. Sandhu,ADG (Seeds), ICAR and about 100Vigna researchers from different AICRPcentres and other organizations of thecountry. Dr. D.P. Ray in his addressappreciated the efforts of Vignaresearchers and emphasized upon theneed to develop improved cultivars inthese important crops.

Dr. N. Nadarajan presented anoverview of the pulse productionscenario in the country and deliberatedupon major researchable issues like,widening genetic base through distanthybridization and utilization of wildspecies, development of genomic tools,new markers and studying crosstransferability of markers, developmentof linkage map in mungbean andurdbean, suitable plant types formaximum efficiency, varieties forspecific niches such as rice fallows,

Pulses Newsletter : April - June, 2012 3

resistant varieties for pre-harvestsprouting, tolerance to terminal heatand drought stress and development of

phot o- t he rm o- i nsensi t i v ecultivars. Dr. B.B. Singhappreciated the research effortsof Vigna workers towardsincreasing productivity and qualityand called for using the uniquegermplasm and wild species forbroadening the genetic base ofthese crops.

Dr. Sanjeev Gupta, PC,MULLaRP presented the salientresearch findings of the last year

kharif season. He made specialmention about research efforts in Vigna

improvement through distanthybridization and genomic tools anddevelopment and registration of uniquegermplasm, especially extra earlygenotypes, for their possible use inhybridization programme. He informedthat 17 MULLaRP crop varieties wereregistered with PPV&FR authority. Onthis occasion the website of AICRP onMULLaRP crops was also launched bythe chief guest. Later in the technicalsessions, programmes of variousdiscipl ines were discussed andfinalized.

Research Highlights

IPH 09-5 (Hybrid): This cytoplasmicgenetic male sterility (CGMS) basedearly duration pigeonpea hybriddeveloped at IIPR, Kanpur from a crossbetween PA 163 A (CGMS line or ‘A’line or female parent) and 261322 R(restorer line or ‘R’ line or male parent)has been identified for eastern UttarPradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Orrisa,West Bengal and Assam. This hybridpossesses >33% yield superiority over

the best existing variety UPAS 120 andmatures 8-10 days earlier than it. Itsaverage yield is 1864 kg/ha. It isresistant to Fusarium wilt and sterilitymosaic diseases. Its seed colour(Brownish red), shape (round) and size(9.3 g/100 seed) is more attractive.

IPA 203: This long duration pigeonpeavariety has been developed at IIPR,Kanpur, from a cross Bahar x AC 314-314. It showed yield superiority by11.2% over the best check MA 6, 15.5%over Narendra Arhar 1, 24.9% overBahar and 28.5% over MAL 13. Itsaverage yield is 1949 kg/ha and

New Varieties Identifiedmatures in 246days. Its seedcolour is brownand attractive,seed size isextra large (12.4g/100 seed) andseed proteincontent is 23.02%. It is resistant tosterility mosaic disease, tolerant toPhytophthora stem blight and resistantto most of the variants of Fusarium wilt.It has been identified for eastern UttarPradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Orrisa,West Bengal and Assam.

Phule T 0012: This pigeonpea varietyhas been developed from the cross ICP332 x BSMR 736. It is early maturing(150 days) and 100 seed weight is10.7g. Its average yield is 1547 kg/hawith yield superiority of 22.6% over thebest check UPAS 120. It is moderatelyresistant to wilt, SMD and tolerant topod borer and pod fly. It has beenidentif ied for Madhya Pradesh,Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh,Rajasthan, Gujarat and Maharashtra.

Host-GenotypicInfluences on RhizobialSymbiotic Performanceand Chickpea Growth

To identify chickpea genotypeswith superior biological nitrogen fixation(BNF) potential, nine different chickpeagenotypes were tested againstMesorhizobium ciceri (F 75) under thephytotron conditions. The genotype ×strain interaction was evident on thesymbiotic performance. The N-fixingpotential based on nitrogenase activityvaried from 8 nmol C2H4 mg-1 dry weightnodule h-1 (cv. ICC 4948) to 161 nmolC2H4 mg-1 dry weight nodule h-1 (cv. JG14). Positive correlation between

N- uptake and shoot weight wasobserved. The variability observed in thesymbiotic performance amonggenotypes could be due to differencesin quantity and quality of root exudates,which determine the nodulationprocess of Mesorhizobium.

Swarnalakshmi, K., Ramakrishnan B.and Anil Kumar Saxena

IARI, New Delhi

y = 0.025x + 0.104R² = 0.983

0

1

2

3

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

N uptake (mg/plant)

Shoo

t wei

ght (

g/pl

ant)


A Spontaneous Mutant in PigeonpeaA naturally occurring mutant was

identified in a population of long durationpigeonpea genotype IPA 11-1. Thismutant had retuse type leaflets androlled and tightly closed flower buds.Flowers were completely open afterblooming and stigma and stamenswere uncovered due to structuralchanges in the wing and keel.Inheritance of mutant traits studied inF1 plants derived from cross madebetween mutant (as female) and normal

(as male) showed that leaflet, flowershape and structure in mutant arecontrolled by recessive gene(s).

Retuse leaflet shape can be usedas marker for rapid discriminationbetween male sterile and male fertilelines, whereas open flower morphologymay result in easy out-crossing byhoney bees in hybrid seed production.

Suhel Mehandi, Anand Kumar Yadav,Abhishek Bohra and I.P. SinghMutant Normal

Mutant Normal

Mycorrhiza Enhanced Root Biomass andP-uptake in Lentil

Non-radioactive BasedDetection of Transgenes

in ChickpeaSouthern analysis is a routinely

used method for conf irming thepresence (copy number) andintegration of transgene duringdevelopment of transgenic plants.Southern blotting along with non-radioactive digoxygenin (DIG) basedlabelling and detection system havedetected successfully the presence of

transgene (cry1Ac) in chickpea linesdeveloped at the Insti tute. Thestandardised procedure can beroutinely used to detect integration andtransmission of transgene insubsequent advanced generations.

Alok Das, Manoj Yadav, JamalAnsari, K.R. Soren, Prakash G Patil,

S.K. Chaturvedi and N. Nadarajan

Southern blotting of transgenic chickpealines (NT: Non-transgenic, P: Positivecontrol)

Significant plant growth and yieldenhancement have been reported inlegumes inoculated with VAM ascompared to non-mycorrhizalinoculants. VAM fungi like Glomusintraradices, G. mosseae andScutellospora castanea enhanced

plant biomass and nutritional statusand help in increasing uptake of severalions like sulphur, zinc, calcium,magnesium and iron. Application of

VAM along with nitrogen fixing bacteria,P-solubil izers, etc., showed thesynergistic effect on legume growth.VAM dependency of lentil for enhancedphosphorus (P) uptake was determinedthrough a pot experiment. The resultshowed that use of VAM mobilized the

P and enhanced thedevelopment of root biomasseven under P-suf f icientconditions, while phosphatesolubilizing bacteria (PSB)only helped to promote rootbiomass (upto 95%) under P-deficient condition. Combineduse of PSB and VAM alsomaximised the root biomassand P-uptake (13-27%). Theseresults clearly suggested theVAM dependency of lentilunder P-deficient as well as

P-sufficient conditions.

Senthilkumar M., Mohan Singhand Jagdish Singh

Effect of VAM and PSB on root and shoot biomassdevelopment in lentil

Induction ofEmbryogenetic Potentialfrom Callus of Chickpea

Induction of somaticembryogenesis was studied inchickpea cultivar DCP 92-3. Matureembryonic axes from overnight soakedseeds were initially incubated on callusinducing modified MS media consistingof the auxin, 2, 4-D (3.0 mg/l), followedby incubation in lower auxin media for12-14 days in dark. Developed calli werethen sub-cultured in auxin free mediafor 4 weeks for induction ofembryogenetic potential. This resultedin formation of different stages ofsomatic embryos.

Alok Das, Alok Shukla, K.R. Soren,Prakash G Patil, S.K. Chaturvedi

and N. Nadarajan


PersonelAppointment

Long-Term Effect of Nutrient Supply Systemson Soil Carbon Sequestration and

Yield of Mustard

Infestation of Rhyzopertha Dominica in StoredMungbean and Urdbean

Occurrence ofPredatory Coccinellids

in Lentil EcosystemDuring rabi season of 2011-12,

abundance of coccinell ids wererecorded on black aphid Aphiscraccivora coinciding with flowering andpod formation stages in lenti l .Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeuswas predominant species ofcoccinellids, followed by Cheilomenessexmaculata (Fabricius). During thepeak occurrence period (first fortnightof March), a population of 2-5 beetles

of C. septempunctata per five plantswas recorded, while the larvaeaggregated at a common place duringpupation. Regular monitoring of aphidinfestation, spraying of Azadirachtin0.03% or NSKE 5% at threshold andavoiding highly toxic foliar sprays helpsin conserv ing coccinell ids formanagement of aphids.

P. Duraimurugan andC. Chattopadhyay

C. sexmaculataC.septempunctata

A long-term field experiment wasinitiated at IIPR, Kanpur to evaluate theimpact of nutrient managementstrategies on C- sequestration in soiland its impact on crop growth,nutrients uptake and grain yield underthree distinct nutrients supply systemsviz., chemical fertilizer alone (CF),integrated use of chemical and organicsources of nutrients (OINM) and onlyorganic sources (OS) in a two year croprotation involving fodder sorghum,chickpea, mungbean and mustard.

Soil analysis showed significantimprovement in microbial biomass –Cand total organic carbon content (OCC)in soils under OINM practices ascompared to CF alone. Similarly,nitrification rate of soil was almost tenfold higher under OINM system ascompared to CF treated soil. Higher soilOCC is an indication of increased

sequestration of carbon in soil whichin turn increased soil microbialbiomass and its activity measured asrate of nitrification. Higher carbonsequestration in soil benefited the cropgrowth (four fold higher biomassaccumulation) and nutrient uptake bythe mustard crop. Improved growth andnutrient uptake resulted in highermustard yield under organic (13 q/ha)and integrated systems (11.5 q/ha) ascompared to the chemical system (8.7q/ha).

Mohan Singh, M.P. Singh andArchna Mishra

Seed beetle, Callosobruchusspp. was observed as a major pest ofwhole grains of mungbean and urdbeanin the farmers’ storagestructures, storedpulses in thehousehold and marketplaces during a surveyin Jalaun and Kanpurdistricts. However,lesser grain borer,Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius)(Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), a commonpest of cereal grains in storage wasalso found to infest broken grains (Dal)of mungbean and urdbean. Its adultsbeetles are very small (2 to 3 mm) andbrown to black in colour with cylindricalbodies. The head is directed downwardand covered by the prothorax. Adult and

larva feed in and on broken grains bymaking tunnels and holes. Preventionis the most economical and efficient

method of controlling the pest. Regularmonitoring and discarding of infestedgrains is important to control thisstorage pest.

P. Duraimurugan1, Kavita Gupta2,S.K. Singh1 and C. Chattopadhyay1,1IIPR, Kanpur; 2NBPGR, New Delhi

Production system

C-sequestration (Mg C ha-1 Yr-1)

Chemical 0.19 Integrated 0.95 Organic 1.63

Name Post Date of joining

Dr. Ummed Singh Sr Scientist (Agronomy)

21.4.2012

Dr. Pramod Kumar Scientist (Agronomy)

02.5.2012

Dr. Revanapa Scientist (Plant Breeding)

02.5.2012

RetirementName Post held Date of

retirement Mr. M.R. Tripathi Technical

Officer (T-7-8) 30.4.2012

Mr. S.P.Kushwaha Technical Officer (T-5)

31.5.2012


Utilizing Furrows with Leafy Vegetables toEnhance Income in Maize-Chickpea under

Permanent Raised Beds

Dal Analogue fromPigeonpea Milling

By-productPigeonpea milling by-product

contains about 25% husk, 50% grit andhusk and 25% cotyledon powder. Firstfraction is rich in phenols and fibers,hence, has pharma/neutraceuticalvalue. Second fraction (50% of by-product) which includes inseparablegrits of husk and powder contains about20% protein and can be used formaking fortified snacks and biscuits.Third fraction is powder of cotyledons

and has protein content equivalent todal (about 22%). This fraction was usedfor making dal analogue. Dal analogueis unheated extrusion of powderfraction to make grits for ease ofhandling. Shape and size of grits canbe manipulated by extruding unit. Itgets dissolved while cooking in water.Powder fraction can directly be pouredinto boil ing water to make dal.Alternatively it can be used for soup,gravy thickener and protein enhancer.In a country like India, which dependsheavily on pulses for protein, recoveryof cotyledon powder from milling by-product will make more proteinavailable for human consumption.

Prasoon Verma and R.P. Srivastava

The permanent raised beds of 75cm width prepared during kharif 2011,were reshaped during rabi season, withsame tractor drawn raised bed planter.Rainfed chickpea was grown on theseraised beds, while leafy vegetables(e.g., spinach and fenugreek) weresown simultaneously in furrows onresidual soil moisture. Harvesting ofleaves at 35-40 days after sowing,resulted in bonus crop of 1008 kg/haspinach and 479 kg/ha fenugreek.Also, higher chickpea equivalent yieldwas recorded under maize - chickpea+ spinach (3568 kg/ha) and maize -chickpea + fenugreek (3513 kg/ha)

system as compared to maize-chickpea (3381 kg/ha) system.

Narendra Kumar, M.K. Singhand P.K. Ghosh

Intercropping of spinach in furrows withchickpea

Outbreak of Aphids in Summer IrrigatedBlackgram of Tamil Nadu

Summer irrigated blackgram hasbeen raised in more than 10,000 ha inNew Delta region of Tamil Nadu(Thanjavure, Trichy, Pudukottai andThiruvarur districts) The yield of the crop(800-1000 kg/ha) is usually more thanthe crop raised in rainfed or irrigatedcondition in other parts of the state.Extensive field surveys were made infarmers’ fields for two years (2010-2012)on the incidence of insect pests anddiseases during the season. During2010-2011, the incidence of aphids,Aphis craccivora (G.) was recorded12% in the farmers’ fields. But during2011-2012, the incidence of suckingpests particularly aphid has alarminglyincreased. Aphid incidence wasrecorded 63% at farmers’ fields and thesucking pest was recorded both invegetative as well as maturity stage ofthe crop. Usually the aphid coloniesare noticed in the vegetative stage onthe leaf, leaf axis and flower buds. Butduring this season, plants atreproductive stage were also affectedby the aphid species and most of thematuring pods in the plants had

colonies of these insects. Theincidence of aphids leads to shrivelledand unfilled pods, seeds in the podsare not well developed and small insize. Heavy honeydew secretion andants associated with aphids leadsecondary problems. The plantsbecame stunted in growth and cropswere in poor stand. The yield of thecrop was reduced upto 20% in severalfarmers' f ields where propermanagement practices were notfollowed.

R.P. Soundararajan, S. Geetha,N. Chitra and D. Dinakaran

National Pulses Research CentreVamban

Grow more pulses fornurtitional security

& soil health.


i zkS| ksfxdh gLrkUrj .k

d"̀kd i zf' k{k.k vk; ksft r

l aLFkku esa fnukad 15-16 ebZ] 2012dks ^̂nyguh Ql yksa dh mRi knu i zkS| ksfxdh**fo"k; i j ,d d"̀kd i zf' k{k.k dk vk; kst ufd; k x; kA bl i zf' k{k.k dk;ZØe dks df̀"kfoHkkx] >kj [k.M ,oa xzkeh.k fodkl ,oadf̀"k dsUnz] ubZ fnYyh }kjk l a;qDr : i l svk; ksft r fd; k x; k FkkA bl i zf' k{k.k esa]>kj [k.M ds i f' pe fl agHkwfe t ui n l s vk,32 t ut krh; d"̀kdksa us Hkkx fy; kA i zf' k{k.kds nkSjku] Ql y l q/kkj ] mRi knu ,oa l qj {kk]dVkbZ mi jkUr i zcU/ku t Sl s fofHkUu fo"k; ksai j O;k[ ; ku fn, x,A i zf' k{kqvksa dks l aLFkkuds i zkS| ksfxdh i kdZ] cht mRi knu i z{ks=ksa ,oai z; ksx' kkykvksa dk Hkze.k Hkh djk; k x; kAfl afpr n' kkvksa esa cl ardkyhu ew¡x dh pkji zt kfr; ksa i h-Mh-,e- 139] vkbZ-i h-,e-99-125] vkbZ-i h-,e- 2-3 ,oa vkbZ-i h-,e-2-14 dk i zn' kZu ns[kdj fdl ku fo' ks"k : il s i zHkkfor gq, vkSj bUgsa vi ukus dks i zsfj rgq,A d"̀kdksa dks l aLFkku }kjk i zdkf' kr l kfgR;Hkh mi yCèk djk; k x; kA

d"̀kdksa&nky fuekZrk ,oa oSKkfudksa dh l a; qDr cSBd vk; ksft r

l aLFkku esa fnukad 23 t wu 2012 dksm| ksx fnol ds fnu] d"̀kdksa] nky fuekZrkvksa,oa oSKkfudksa dh l a;qDr cSBd gqbZA blcSBd dk i zeq[k mn~ns' ; Fkk nyguh Ql yksal s t qM+s fo"k; ksa t Sl s i zt kfr fodkl ] fMyhojhfl LVe] fefyax l s gksus okyh i zkfIr] foi .ku]

fdl kuksa dks feyus okyk ykHk] vkfn i jl a; qDr : i l s l Hkh dh j k; ,d= djukAMk- ,u-i h- fl ag] i fj ; kst uk l eUo;d ¼puk½,oa dk;Zdkjh funs' kd us fofHkUu jkT; ksa esagks jgs nygu mRi knu i j uohure t kudkjhi zLrqr dhA mUgksaus nky mRi kndksa dks l ykg

nh fd os l gHkkfxrk i j vk/kkfj r i fj ; kst ukpyk; sa ft l l s dh ns' k dh fo' kky t ul a[ ; kdks l eqfpr ek=k esa nkysa mi yCèk djk;h t kl dsaA Jh fefFkys' k dqekj ] vè; {k ny fey, l ksfl , ' ku ,oa vU; us ckt kj esa nkyksa dhfLFkfr] U;wure l eFkZu ewY; ¼,e-, l -i h-½]

xq.koÙkk vkèkkfj r ewY;fu/kkZj .k ,oa vki wfrZ esa, d: i rk ykus t Sl sfo"k; ksa i j vi us fopkjj [ksA l aLFkku ds oSKkfudksaus l aLFkku dh mi yfCèk;ksai j i zdk' k Mkyk l kFkgh fofHkUu ef.M; ksa@ckt kj ksa esa nkyksa dh

mi yCèkrk dh t kudkjh nhA Qrsgi qj ] jekckbZuxj vkSj dkui qj t ui nksa l s vk; s 36d"̀kdksa ,oa 18 fey ekfydksa us mDr cSBdesa Hkkx fy; kA Mk- , l -ds- fl ag] i z/kkuoSKkfud ¼df̀"k i zl kj½ mDr cSBd ds l eUo;dFksA

t ut krh; i fj ; kst uk ds varxZr l keqnkf; d vknkuksa dk for j .k

eè; i zns' k ds N%] NÙkhl x<+ ds pkj,oa m-i z- ds ,d t ui nksa esa ^̂i zn' kZu ,oai zf' k{k.k ds ek/; e l s Hkkst u] i ks"k.k l qj {kk,oa t ut krh; l eqnk; ksa dh t hfodk gsrqnygu mRi knu dks c<+kuk** i j vkbZ-vkbZ-i h-vkj -] dkui qj } kj k pykbZ t k j ghi fj ; kst uk ds vUrxZr ,d i zf' k{k.k dk;ZØe5-7 ebZ] 2012 dks df̀"k foKku dsUnz] cLrjesa vk; ksft r fd; k x; kA Mk- , l - ds-i kfVy] dqyi fr ] bfUnj k xka/kh df̀"kfo' ofo| ky; ] j k; i qj ] MkW- vuqi e feJk]

{ks=h; i fj ; kst uk funs' kd ¼{ks= VII½] LFkkuh;fo/kk;dx.k ,oa Mk- , l - ds- fl ag] i z/kkuoSKkfud vkfn mDr dk;ZØe esa l fEefyr

gq,A dhV ,oa j ksxksa ds mfpr i zcUèku gsrq100 dhV uk' kd fNMdko ;a= ,oa 650LVhy Hk.Mkj .k fcu ¼2 dqUry {kerk okys½t ut krh; d"̀kdksa dks forfj r fd; s x; sAfdl kuksa us j ch ekSl e ds fy, puk] el wj ]eVj vkfn ds 50-50 fd-xzk- cht l qj f{krj [kus dk vk' okl u fn; kA df̀"k foKkudsUnz dko/kkZ] dk¡ds] cLr j ] nkarsokM+k¼NÙkhl x<+½] >kcqvk] cnokuh] èkkj ] ' kgMksy]fMaMksjh ,oa e.Myk ¼e-i z-½ bl i fj ; kst ukds eq[ ; Hkkxhnkj gSaA


Published by Dr. N. Nadarajan, Director, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208 024Tel. : 0512-2570264; EPBAX Lines : 0512- 2572464, 2572465; Fax : 0512-2572582

E-mail : [email protected] ; [email protected]; Website; http://www.iipr.res.in

Printed at Army Printing Press, 33, Nehru Road, Sadar Cantt. Lucknow-226 002. Tel. : 0522-2481164, 6565333

Self-suff iciency in pulseproduction in the country has been oneof the major objectives of the Indianagriculture. This was partially achievedthrough development of many highyielding, disease and pest resistancevarieties matching with diverse climaticconditions across the country.Extensive breeding strategies havebeen made in the past to conceptualizehigh yielding plant types with improvedsource-sink relation. Nevertheless,this was possible mainly throughover-exploitation of primary gene-pool present mainly in the existinggermplasm which eventually hasled to narrowing of genetic base.This has also lef t limitedopportunities for selection besidesmaking pulse crops vulnerable toresistance breakdown as well asincreasing their susceptiblity tobiotic and abiotic stresses. Yieldlosses in pulses caused by variousfungal, bacterial and viral diseasesare enormous. Being rich inprotein, several insect pests also causeyield loss both under field conditionsand in storage. Among abiotic stresses,drought, temperature extremities andedaphic problems (salinity and mineraltoxicities) have great bearing on theirharvestable yield. Therefore, despiteseveral improved crop managementpractices being followed, productivityof pulses tends to be saturated unlessnew genes are integrated in thecultivated species to widen the geneticbase.

There is an urgent need to widenthe cultivated gene pool of these cropsby incorporating genes foreconomically important traits f romdiverse sources. To diversify andbroaden the genetic base of cultivatedgermplasm, introgression of aliengenes from wild species needs to bepersuaded vigorously not only tominimize the risk of stress epidemicsbut also to make discernible yieldadvances in these crops. Therefore, (N. Nadarajan)

Director’s Desk

pre-breeding efforts are urgentlyrequired involving particularly those wildspecies which carry useful genes forimproving yield, quality and stressresistance. Wild species have beenproved to be an important reservoir ofnew and useful genes and offer greatpotential to incorporate such genes intocommercial cultivars through pre-breeding. The efforts towards screeningwild species of food legumes under field

and controlled conditions have resultedin identification of valuable sources ofresistance to key diseases and insectpests in addition to useful traits suchas protein content, cytoplasmic malesterility, fertility restoration and yieldattributes.

Recently, QTLs have also beenidentified for yield traits in wild speciesof pulse crops which may enhanceagronomic values of cultivated varieties.Development of molecular markertechnique can also be used forauthentication of the interspecifichybrids. Identif ication of highcrossability genes in food legumes asin case of wheat cultivars like ChineseSpring can bring non-crossable specieswithin the ambit of alien gene transfertechnology. Major gaps in germplasmcollection and evaluation of wild speciesof food legumes need to be closed formaking further inroad in alien geneintrogression. Continuing advances indistant crossing techniques such as

embryo culture, use of bridge speciesand development of novel crossingstrategies are making the wild genepools of many crops even moreaccessible. The success rate of genetransfer in such wide crosses can beincreased by knowledge of thechromosome pairing mechanisms andtheir genetic control. The modern toolsof molecular biology such asmonoclonal antibodies and in situhybridization using various DNAprobes may soon make it possible tostudy the switching on/off of variousgenes in diverse tissues of thefertilized ovules. It is likely thatcontinuing advances in structuralgenomics and genetic engineering willresult in new strategies for alien geneintrogression.

IIPR has felt the need ofbroadening the genetic base of pulsesand has initiated the pre-breeding inmajor pulses. Wild accessions ofchickpea, pigeonpea, lentil and Vigna

species have been collected fromdifferent sources and established underlocal field condition. Promising wildaccessions are being utilized ingenerating pre-breeding lines which willbe used for development of promisingbreeding materials. Besides using thepre-breeding lines at IIPR, materialswill also be shared amongst differentpulses research centres forstrengthening the pulse breedingprogramme of the country. I hope thatthe initiatives taken by IIPR on pre-breeding will go a long way indevelopment of superior varieties ofpulses with multiple resistances asneeded in future synergestic withagricultural sustainability, dynamicchanges of climate and meeting thepulse demand of ever increasingpopulation of the country.

Dear Readers,

empowered committee reviewed transgenic project · chickpea" the empowered committee (ec) of...

Documents