early maturing chickpea

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Early maturing chickpea, with improved fusarium wilt resistance, high yield potential and good seed quality, has greatly increased crop area and productivity in short-season environments Early Maturing Chickpea Aug 2012 Overview Chickpea is currently grown on ~12 million ha in >50 countries under a wide range of environments and cropping systems. In about two-thirds of chickpea growing areas, the crop growing season is short (90-120 days) because of terminal drought or heat stresses. Early maturity in chickpea helps the crop in escaping terminal drought and heat stresses. The innovation v Diverse sources for earliness identified from the germplasm, and genetics of time to flowering established v Bi-parental and multi-parental crosses used to develop desired segregating populations v Time to flowering was used as selection criterion as it can be recorded with high precision and is a good indicator of subsequent phenological traits (time to podding and maturity) v Several early (90-100 days) to extra early (85-90 days) cultivars developed both in desi (brown-seeded) and kabuli (white-seeded) types v Super-early (75-80 days) breeding lines were also developed by combining earliness genes from two parents. The impact v Early maturing cultivars avoid terminal drought and heat stress. v Adoption of early-maturing chickpea cultivars has led to an increase in area and productivity in short-season environments such as Myanmar and Andhra Pradesh state of India. v There has been >2-fold increase in both area (129,000 to 282,000 ha) and productivity (651 to 1411 kg ha -1 ), and a 4.7-fold increase in production (84,000 to 398,000 tons) of chickpea in Myanmar during 2000-09. Four early-maturing chickpea cultivars (Yezin 3, 4, 5 and 6) developed from the breeding material supplied by ICRISAT covered over 80% of the total chickpea area of that country. v The adoption of early-maturing chickpea cultivars has brought a chickpea revolution in Andhra Pradesh (AP) state in India. v In AP, chickpea production increased 9-fold (95,000 to 884,000 tons) during 2000–09 as a result of a 5-fold increase in area (102,000 to 602,000 ha) and a 2.4-fold increase in yield levels (583 to 1407 kg ha -1 ). v Over 80% of the chickpea area in Andhra Pradesh is now cultivated with the short-duration improved varieties JG 11 and KAK 2, which were developed through a partnership between ICRISAT and the Indian national agricultural research system. v Andhra Pradesh was once considered to be a low yielding state for chickpea because of its warm, short-season environment, but it now has the highest yield levels in India. Partners Institutes supported by Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), State Agricultural Universities and National and State Seed Corporations in India; and Department of Agricultural Research (DAR) and Myanmar Agriculture Service (MAS) in Myanmar. Chickpea is an important pulse crop in semi-arid Africa and Asia. Extra-early kabuli variety Yezin 3 (ICCV 2) in Myanmar. Chickpea variety JG 11 (right) and a new super early line. Early maturing chickpea varieties (earliest on the left) are climate ready as they escape terminal drought and heat stresses. Principal scientist PM Gaur (left) in a field of early chickpea (ICCV 2) in Tanzania. Bountiful chickpea harvests spell much improved livelihoods for farmers. Chickpea production in Andhra Pradesh increased 9-fold in nine years. Roasting green chickpea for a tasty snack.

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Early maturing chickpea, with improved fusarium wilt resistance, high yield potential and good seed quality, has greatly increased

crop area and productivity in short-season environments

Early Maturing Chickpea

Aug 2012

OverviewChickpea is currently grown on ~12 million ha in >50 countries under a wide range of environments and cropping systems.

In about two-thirds of chickpea growing areas, the crop growing season is short (90-120 days) because of terminal drought or heat stresses.

Early maturity in chickpea helps the crop in escaping terminal drought and heat stresses.

The innovationv Diversesourcesforearlinessidentified

from the germplasm, and genetics of time tofloweringestablished

v Bi-parental and multi-parental crosses used to develop desired segregating populations

v Timetofloweringwasusedasselectioncriterion as it can be recorded with high precision and is a good indicator of subsequent phenological traits (time to podding and maturity)

v Several early (90-100 days) to extra early (85-90 days) cultivars developed both in desi (brown-seeded) and kabuli (white-seeded) types

v Super-early (75-80 days) breeding lines were also developed by combining earliness genes from two parents.

The impactv Early maturing cultivars avoid terminal drought and heat stress.v Adoption of early-maturing chickpea cultivars has led to an increase in

area and productivity in short-season environments such as Myanmar and Andhra Pradesh state of India.

v There has been >2-fold increase in both area (129,000 to 282,000 ha) and productivity (651 to 1411 kg ha-1), and a 4.7-fold increase in production (84,000 to 398,000 tons) of chickpea in Myanmar during 2000-09. Four early-maturing chickpea cultivars (Yezin 3, 4, 5 and 6) developed from the breeding material supplied by ICRISAT covered over 80% of the total chickpea area of that country.

v The adoption of early-maturing chickpea cultivars has brought a chickpea revolution in Andhra Pradesh (AP) state in India.

v In AP, chickpea production increased 9-fold (95,000 to 884,000 tons) during 2000–09 as a result of a 5-fold increase in area (102,000 to 602,000 ha) and a 2.4-fold increase in yield levels (583 to 1407 kg ha-1).

v Over 80% of the chickpea area in Andhra Pradesh is now cultivated with the short-duration improved varieties JG 11 and KAK 2, which were developed through a partnership between ICRISAT and the Indian national agricultural research system.

v Andhra Pradesh was once considered to be a low yielding state for chickpea because of its warm, short-season environment, but it now has the highest yield levels in India.

PartnersInstitutes supported by Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), State Agricultural Universities and National and State Seed Corporations in India; and Department of Agricultural Research (DAR) and Myanmar Agriculture Service (MAS) in Myanmar.

Chickpea is an important pulse crop in semi-arid Africa and Asia.

Extra-early kabuli variety Yezin 3 (ICCV 2) in Myanmar.

Chickpea variety JG 11 (right) and a new super early line.

Early maturing chickpea varieties (earliest on the left) are climate ready as they escape terminal drought and heat stresses.

Principal scientist PM Gaur (left) in a field of early chickpea (ICCV 2) in Tanzania.

Bountiful chickpea harvests spell much improved livelihoods for farmers.

Chickpea production in Andhra Pradesh increased 9-fold in nine years.

Roasting green chickpea for a tasty snack.