VOL. XXXVIII NO. 47 PAGES 40 NEW DELHI 22 - 28 FEBRUARY 2014 ` 8.00

CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND LIVESTOCK SECTORDr. Arun S. Ninawe

WEB EXCLUSIVESFollowing item is available in the WebExclusives section on www.employ-mentnews.gov.in : 1. Interim Railway Budget 2014-2015.

JOB HIGHLIGHTS

East Central Railway requires 422Fitter, Machinist, Turner etc.

Last Date : 14.03.2014

RAILWAY

State Bank of India rquires 393Specialist Cadre Officers.

Last Date : 06.03.2014

SBI

Mahanadi Coalfields Limitedrequires 160 Mining Sirdar and Dy.Surveyor.

Last Date : 07.03.2014

MCL

Central Coalfields Limited requires116 Posts of Para-Medical Staff.

Last Date : 02.03.2014

CCL

GAIL (India) Limited requires 12Manager, Dy. Manager and Sr.Officer

Last Date : 04.03.2014

GAIL

Union Public Service Commissioninvites applications for variousposts.

Last Date : 13.03.2014

UPSC

Employment conveys somethingpleasant with an aura of economic

security at the first instance.But it is notalways easy to get employed in a desir-able way and more so if one is a resi-dent of a land locked,difficult hilly terrainor insurgency inflicted area. NorthEastern Region ,comprising of 8 Statesat present, after inclusion of Sikkimhas Assam, Arunachal Pradesh,Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram,Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura .It isspread over an area of 2,62,179 sq.kmwith only 45.5 million people accord-ing to the 2011 census. The regionwith 7.9 percent of India's total geo-graphical area is still categorized asthe backward region.Efforts are beingmade to restore the glory of the regionlost since 1947 partition of the country.The region has been facing geopoliti-cal isolation.The talented NorthEasterners,having high standards of lit-eracy ,above national average arenow being given opportunity to developtheir employability .Focus is on qualityeducation ,Vocational Education,Languages, Computers ,IT andBusiness Management to make themcompetitive enough to face job market.The government created Deptt.of

Development of North Eastern Region(2001) which has been turned into aMinistry for the purpose (2004).NorthEastern Region has the lowest densityof persons per square km.Development process in the regioncould not be accelerated due to underutilization of resources.The States hadbeen facing infrastructure and connec-tivity problems.But now to cater for allround economic development connec-tivity improvement projects with infra-structure development are being car-ried out,in keeping with the advise ofthe Planning Commission of India.Agriculture is the main employmentsource.The State Governments in allthe 8 States have been providing mostof the employment opportunities sofar. Employment scenario has beensomewhat dim due to lack of employa-bility among the youth,which is one ofthe major reasons found so far`.It hasalso been the result of insurgency insome of the States,excluding Sikkim.The youth are believed to be opting forwhite collar jobs,entrepreneurship ismostly found unwanted.The situation is best explained by theEmployment & Unemployment Survey2009-2010, GOI, Ministry of Labour &

Employment. ( the figures show per1000 distribution of regular wage /salary earners employed in broadindustry group). Assam had 219 per-sons in Agriculture,Forestry,16 inMining & Quarrying, 69 inManufacturing, 25 Electricity, 9Construction,22 Wholesale & Retail,83Transport -Storage,22 Financing &Insurance 248 Community Servicesand 248 Others. Mehgalaya had 291 inAgriculture,28 in Mining & Quarrying,0in Manufacturing, 5 in Electricity,2 inConstruction,26 in Wholesale &Retail,60 in Transport -Storage,0 inFinancing & Insurance,348 inCommunity Services and 240 in otherservices. Whereas Sikkim had 37 inAgriculture & Forestry,0 in Mining,586in Manufacturing,3 in Electricity,0 inConstruction,Wholesale & Retail,Transport & Storage,Financing ,theyhad 10 in Community Services and 364in others.The States have been providingemployment through Mahatma GandhiNational Rural Employment GuaranteeScheme . MGNREGA aimed at meet-ing employment demand has beenproving a boon for genuinely

poor.Manipur,Nagaland and Sikkimrank first ,second and third in achievingthe most important outcome of provid-ing 100 days employment in a financialyear to the rural population.Horticulture has been absorbing a goodnumber of educatedunemployed.Coaching for CivilServices might see more NE youth inGovt.Though most of the NE States haveidentical reasons with resultanttrends of growth and decline andalmost similar challenges ,looking atthe employment situation prevailing insome of them would make the situa-tion obvious. As per the census of India 2011,popu-lation of Assam was 3,1169272,with1,5954927males and 15214345females.The employment is being gen-erated with the simultaneous increasein the number of factories,small scaleindustries, tea , rubber and sericultureindustries. Medium & small scaleindustries have record of providingemployment to 178054 persons till2010-11.Factories increased and150485 persons were employed.Tea

Animal husbandry has tremendouspotential for employment genera-

tion. Dairy farming, sheep farming,goat farming, poultry farming & pigfarming provide excellent opportuni-ties of self employment for unem-ployed youth. The sector has great rolein poverty reduction growing at a rateof 4% per year which is double of agri-culture and it contributing about 26% ofthe value of India's total agriculturaloutput. The export of livestock prod-ucts through milk, meat and poultryproducts is to the tune of aboutRs.42.25 billion per annum. Besidesproviding superior protein through milk,meat, egg, it also provides droughtpower and manure for agriculture. Thissector has also very good scope forinvestment and animal farming caneasily give return of 30-35% per year inanimal farming system. Livestock is one of the widely expand-ing sectors and has established itsimportance in development of ruraleconomy. As a tool for poverty allevia-tion, several financial incentives areprovided by the government agenciesfor employment generation in animalhusbandry sector. The sector not onlysupplements income of the farmers butalso provides gainful employment onone hand and supplements the vitaland varied nutritional requirements ofthe individual. These agencies areworking with a mission to explore,adopt, introduce, promote, organizeand undertake viable activities foroverall improvement of livestock andpoultry for better productivity subse-quently to create gainful self-employ-

ment for the socio-economic upliftmentof farmers.The Department of Animal Husbandryand Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture isresponsible for matters relating to live-stock production, preservation, protec-tion from disease and improvement ofstocks and dairy development. Dairydevelopment could be used as a toolfor bringing about socio-economicalchanges among the rural farming com-munity by providing milk production asa subsidiary occupation. It also helps inimproving the nutritional standard ofthe people. At state level, AnimalHusbandry Department is headed withdivisional level functionaries to imple-ment the schemes with the help ofJoint Directors (poultry); incharge ofpoultry development and marketing;Joint Director (farms); incharge of cat-tle development and Joint Director(animal reproduction); incharge of vac-cines production, animal healthcareand disease diagnostics. These func-tionaries are providing technical inputsto all the Animal Husbandry Officers ofthe rank of Deputy Directors, who issupported by the subject matter spe-cialist i.e. Livestock DevelopmentOfficer/ Block Veterinary Officers forCattle Development, Poultry

Development Officer, DiseaseInvestigation Officer for providing dis-ease diagnostic facilities etc,Superintendent District VeterinaryHospitals, Manager Hatchery etc.These posts are supported by fieldlevel institutions like Hospitals, dispen-saries, A.I. centres, Poultry ExtensionCentres, Mobile dispensaries, MuleBreeding centres, PoultryDemonstration centres, Hatcheries etc.To assist the cattle breeding farms andveterinary hospitals, VeterinaryAssistant Surgeons, other para vetsstaff and class IV employees are alsoengaged. Careers in Veterinary Science:Veterinary Science is the science ofdiagnosing, treating and curing thediverse types of diseases in birds andanimals. A veterinarian's primaryresponsibility is to look after the healthand welfare of the animals. Most vetslook after dogs, cats, or other domesti-cated animals, while some treat wildanimals, too, like the big cats and otheranimals kept in a zoo. Besides givingtreatment, vets perform surgery to pre-vent spreading of diseases in animalsby administering timely vaccinationand medicines and give advice on care

Continued on page 39

Civil Service Examination-Relaxation of Number of AttemptsCivil service aspirants will get two additional attempts for cracking the UPSCexamination along with a relaxation in the upper age limit. The Central gov-ernment has approved two additional attempts to all categories of candidateswith effect from Civil Services Examination 2014, with consequential agerelaxation of maximum age for all categories of candidates, if required.

Continued on page 40

EMPLOYMENT SCENARIO IN THE NORTH EASTERN REGION Nita Nirash

40 www.employmentnews.gov.in Employment News 22 - 28 February 2014

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of pets and farm animals. Their activi-ties may also include Animal hus-bandry- animal breed improvement by'selection breeding' and artificial insem-ination, animal research in order tocontrol spread of diseases transmittedthrough animals. The job also includeswildlife conservation, poultry manage-ment and health care. Deep affectionfor animals can make the veterinaryfeel comfortable and ready to work inrural settings, too. Animal husbandryrefers to a wide range of job types thatfocus on the care and breeding of dif-ferent kinds of animals. Professionalsin the field include livestock, dairy andpoultry farmers. These farm profession-als are responsible for breeding, mar-keting and caring for the animals on thefarm. Daily tasks include feeding ani-mals, cleaning stalls and pens, helpingwith births and maintaining equipment.Animal husbandry professionals eitherperform the work themselves or over-see other workers, depending on thesize of the farm. In addition to animalcare taking, animal husbandry profes-sionals often assist in the maintenanceand repair of facilities for their wards.Research, educational and skillrequirements are also needed tobecome an animal husbandry profes-sional.Educational RequirementsIndividuals interested in becoming ananimal husbandry professional maychoose to complete formal education inthe form of an associate's degree pro-gram or the completion of vocationaltraining. Animal husbandry profession-als hold a high school diploma, manyhave earned degrees in farm manage-ment or other related fields from aschool of agriculture. Farm manage-ment degree programs include techni-cal farm training, as well as courses ineconomics, marketing and the environ-ment. Despite this trend, many farmprofessionals are trained on the job bymore experienced animal husbandryprofessionals or gain experience fromliving on farms their entire lives.Like medicine, veterinary science canbe studied after 10+2, the basicrequirement is a combination ofphysics, chemistry and biology at 10+2level. Veterinary colleges in almost allstates offer both graduate and postgraduate courses in veterinary scienceand animal husbandry. The graduatecourse of study is for a duration of fouryears followed by a year's practicalinternship. This course is known asB.V.Sc. and as in any other disciplinethe master courses can be pursuedafter this. The masters course is knownas M.V.Sc. The master coursesrequires specialised branch of study.The options open for this range frommedicine, surgery, gynaecology,pathology, animal production and so onas many as in the regular medical field

itself. To be more specific the speciali-sation to be opted for can be chosenfrom animal anatomy, animal biotech-nology, animal husbandry, animal eco-nomics, animal husbandry extension,animal reproduction, livestock exten-sion, animal genetics and breeding,dairy science and technology, dairychemistry, dairy engineering, dairymicrobiology, food hygiene, feed andfodder technology, meat science andtechnology, animal nutrition, poultry sci-ence and technology, piggery, preven-tive medicine and toxicology to name afew.Admission to most veterinary coursesis made on the basis of entrance exam-ination conducted by the concerneduniversities. Veterinary Council of Indiaconducts an 'All India CommonEntrance Examination' (AICEE) foradmission to Bachelor of VeterinaryScience and Animal Husbandry (BVSc& AH) degree course. The duration ofthe BVSc & AH varies from four and ahalf years to five years, including theperiod of internship. For admission tomaster degree programme, an All IndiaEntrance Examination is conducted bythe Indian Council for AgriculturalResearch (ICAR).Career ProspectsVeterinarians can choose to work withthe government animal husbandrydepartments, poultry farms, dairyfarms, sheep and rabbit farms, piggeryfarms race clubs, stud farms, privateand government veterinary hospitalsand clinics. Dairy research institutesalso require the services of veterinari-ans. Private practices of vets can flour-ish very well in urban areas. The gov-ernment also employs veterinarians aspublic health professionals whose serv-ices are utilized in zoos, national parksand wildlife sanctuaries. The DefenceServices use horses, dogs, camels,etc. and therefore need the services ofveterinarians. Various zoologicalresearch institutes employ veterinari-ans to conduct research and develop-ment in various departments.Veterinarians also can join academicinstitutions as a teaching faculty.Postgraduates in veterinary sciencecan go in for further research anddevelopment in this sector. TopColleges are offering UG/PG/OtherCourses. Several technical institutionsand universities are also offering vari-ous courses in Veterinary sciences. After finishing BVSc & AH (Bachelor ofveterinary science and animal hus-bandry), a five-year programme, from auniversity recognised by the VeterinaryCouncil of India (VCI) one can go forspecialisation during his post gradua-tion at master's level in one of theseareas-medicine, surgery, biochemistry,genetics and breeding, poultry science,biotechnology, pharmacology, physiolo-gy, immunology, etc. After MVSc, onecan work in research or academics atcentres of repute like the IndianVeterinary Research Institute or a state

university. These institutes and theinstitutes of State of Art and excellenceare giving emphasis on development ofinnovative projects in livestock sector,like production of SPF eggs, animalhealth products, animal vaccine units,feed plants, slaughter houses, integrat-ed poultry & piggery projects, etc. infra-structural projects like veterinary insti-tutions, vaccine production centres,etc. can create lot of job opportunitiesin Animal Husbandry Sector. To givebetter focus to the Animal Sciencessector and to address veterinary, dairyand fishery sector in a more meaningfulmanner in education, research andextension; institutes and colleges arenow being established under theumbrella of State VeterinaryUniversities by segregating these insti-tutes/colleges from the StateAgriculture Universities. The education,infrastructure support and qualityaccreditation are also supported andexamined by ICAR and VCI. RemunerationThe remuneration of a veterinarianvaries on the basis of his practice andthe animals which are under his treat-ment. In government veterinary cen-ters/hospitals fresh graduates areappointed as junior veterinary surgeon.Their starting pay scale rangesbetween Rs.20, 000 - Rs.25, 000 permonth. A private practitioner may getlucrative monetary returns dependingon his popularity and experience. He isable to earn Rs.100-500 per patient,depending on the type of treatment theanimal needs. As an AssistantProfessor, a vet can earn a salary overRs. 25000 to Rs. 35,000 at senior levelposition. Postgraduates in the field of veterinaryscience can go in for research havingremuneration. On an average a veteri-narian can earn in the range ofRs.15,000 to Rs.50,000 per month. Thekind of practice will determine theamount of remuneration. It is the pri-vate practitioners who generally getlucrative monetary returns. However, inthis profession as in the medical pro-fession the greatest reward comesfrom alleviating someone's pain. Here,the satisfaction is somewhat higher asmute animals are involved.In the private sector, salaries will risewith experience, designation and per-formance. The money is better in salesand marketing, but the performancespeaks more than the knowledge does.As a manager, one can make as muchas any other sales professional. In pri-vate practice, the income entirelydepends upon the clientele. In a lavisharea, where pet clinics also double asgrooming centres, a client could be will-ing to pay thousands for a 30-40 minutejob.Opportunities in Rural Areas Several career options are open tograduates in veterinary sciences in

rural sector. Dairy and poultry farmsrequire the services of a veterinarian.The areas of specialisation in this sec-tor are production of milk, egg andother products. Needless to say thehealth of the animals on the farm is alsothe responsibility of the veterinarian.The government also employs veteri-narians as public health professionalswhose services are used in zoos,national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.The Defence Services use horses,dogs, camels, etc., for various purpos-es and even they need the services ofa veterinarian. Various organisationsemploy veterinarians in their researchas well as in development departmentsincluding teaching line. In private sec-tor, Veterinarians have many moreavenues besides government jobs insales, NGOs and in outreach pro-gramme. The money is reasonably paidwell for qualified doctors and lot of thejob options exist in the rural sector forthe welfare of the Animal Husbandryand livestock sector. Indicative Institutes & urls:1. Indian Veterinary Research

Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradeshhttp://www.ivri.nic.in

2. Maharashtra Animal and FisherySciences University (MAFSU),Nagpur, Maharashtra: http://www.mafsu.in

3. Karnataka Veterinary, Animal andFisheries Sciences University,Bidar, Karnatakahttp://www.kvafsu.kar.nic.in

4. College of Veterinary Sciences,CCS Haryana AgriculturalUniversity, Hisarhttp://hau.ernet.in/clink/covs.html

5. Bombay Veterinary ScienceCollegewww.mafsu.in/bvc/bvccollege/ bvc_main_page.html

6. College of Veterinary Science &Animal Husbandry (AnandAgricultural University), Anandhttp://aau.in/?q=college-menu/702

7. Jawharlal Nehru KrishiVishwavidyalaya, Jabalpurhttp://www.jnkvv.nic.in

8. Chandra Shekhar Azad Universityof Agriculture and Technology,Kanpurwww.csauk.ac.in

9. Post Graduate Institute ofVeterinary & Animal Sciences,Akolahttp://www.pgivasakola.in

10. College of Veterinary and AnimalScience, Udgir, Maharashtrawww.mafsu.in/udgir/udgri_main.html

11. Guru Angad Dev Veterinary andAnimal Science University,Ludhianawww.gadvasu.in

12. All India Institute Of Hygiene AndPublic Health, Kolkatahttp://www.aiihph.gov.in

( The author is presently working inthe Department of Biotechnology asScientist "G" and Advisor, New Delhi.Email : ninawe@gmail.com)

Career opportunities...Continued from page 1

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