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QTP Fundamentals
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Contents Fundamentals of Automation Introduction to QTP Testing Process with QTP Object Repository
Actions Data Tables Parameterization Check Points VB Script Basics File System Objects
Frameworks
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What is Automation ? Test Automation is the use of Software to control the execution of
tests & the Comparison of results actual with the predicted.
A software program test another software program, that is referredto as Automation Software Testing
A third-party tool is used to test the application
Use of Automation Tools reduce the test time as well as the cost
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Why Automation? Avoid the errors that human make when they get tired after
multiple repetitions
The test program wont skip any tests by mistake
Requires less human intervention therein reduce the ExecutionTime
Required easy cycle of Regression Testing
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Benefits of Test Automation Allows more testing to be done
Testing is consistent, repeatable
Useful when new patches released
Makes configuration testing easier
Increases speed and efficiency
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What Can be Automated? The test cases that need to be run on every new build
Test that use multiple data values for the same action
Compatibility Testing
Regression Test Case Application with objects that doesnt change in the short term.
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What cannot be Automated? Usability Testing
Not For Short-Time(One Time- Testing)
Ad-hoc Testing
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Functional/RegressionTesting Tool Rational Robot
Win Runner
QTP
Silk Test
QA Run
Web FT
RFT (Rational Functional Tester)
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Things to be done before Automation
Identify the various types of test to be covered
Identify all the modules of the product
Identify all the functionality of the each module
Identify all the test cases, which tests the functionality ofthe each module
Identify the complete scenarios that cannot be automated
Plan the control & Sequence of the Test
Decide the repository format
Freeze the folder structure and Automation Framework to be
used to the project
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Automation Life Cycle
Analyze Application and requirements
Identify test Scenarios
Identify the testTool
Decide your Framework
Design/Record the Test Scripts
Enhance the Test Scripts
Debug Test Script
Analyze the Results
Reporting Test Results
and Defects
Execute the Test Scripts
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Overview Of Automation Plan
Manual Testing by Live-support Team
Manual Test ExecutionTest
Patch 1
Test
Patch 2
Test
Patch 3Hot Fix Hot Fix
Main Release
Automation in Parallel to Manual Execution
Automation
POC
Start
Automation
Scripting
Test Automation for repeatable scenarios
Test Automation for new customizations
Automation
Pack
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Risks associated in Automation Lack of Skilled Resources
Initial cost for Automation is very high.
Do not think to automate your UI if it is not fixed
It would be bad idea to automate testing work in early development cycle
(Unless it is agile environment). Script maintenance cost will be very high insuch cases.
You cannot 100% automate your testing work.Areas like User interface,
documentation, installation, compatibility and recovery where testing must be
done manually
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Introduction To QTP Developed by Mercury Interactive in 2002 It Supports for both Web Application & Window
Application
Developed from Web Functionality
QTP supports both Technical & Non-Technical people
QTP runs only on windows platform, not supporting Unix,Linux , Mac etc..
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Environment needs for QTP
System Requirement : IBM-PC (or) Equivalent to P3
Hardware Drive : 250MB of Free Memory space
RAM : 256MB of RAMOS : M/S windows 2000 server with 3-4 service pack
M/S windows XP with 1-2 SPM/S windows 2003 with no service packM/S win Vista 64 bit (Ver 9.5 feature)
Web Browser : MS Internet Explorer 5.5 , AOL 8.0, 9.0 ,
Netscape Navigator 6.11, 6.22, 6.23, 7.02, 7.1,9FireFox 3.0 (Ver 9.5 feature)
QTP 9.5 Supported Technologies: Power builder , .NET 3.5 ,
Oracle Form-10 ,114 , Apps 12
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Overview of QTP
1) Testing Process of QTP
2) Windows Structure of QTP
3) Add Ins of QTP4) Architecture of QTP
5) Execution process in QTP
6) Development of Automation Test
7) Recording Modes in QTP
8) Object Repository
9) Object Spy
10) Transaction
11) Virtual Object
12) Check Points
13) Actions
14) Exception Handling
15) Object identification
16) Ordinal Identifier
17) Smart Identification
18) Output Values
19) Synchronization point
20) QTP Run Modes
21) Regular Expressions
22) Descriptive Programming23) Environment Variables
24) VB-Script
25) How to work with Functions
26) Associated Library
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Testing Process of QTP1) Freeze the folder structure2) Do Necessary Add-ins
3) Create Object Repository
4) Record & Run Settings
5) Develop Automation Test Scripts
6) Enhance/ Customize Automation Test Scripts
7) Debug Automation Test8) Execute Automation Test
9) Analyze Test Results
10) Report defects
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Window Structure of QTP
1) Test Pane
2) Active Screen
3) Data Table
4) Debug Viewer
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Keyword View
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Expert View
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Add Ins of QTPIt gives information about the technology supported by the QTP
By default three Add Ins are there in QTP
1) ActiveX
2) VB3) Web
Additional Add ins:
1) Java
2) Oracle
3) People soft4) .NET
5) Terminal Emulator
6) SAP
7) Siebel
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Add In Manager
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Development of Automation Test1) Recording
2) Writing
3) Function Generator
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Recording Modes of QTP 3) Low Level Recording Mode : Low level whether or not QuickTest
recognizes the specific object or the specific operation. This moderecords at the object level and records all run-time objects as
Window or WinObject test objects. Use Low Level Recording forrecording in an environment or on an object not recognized byQuickTest
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Run Modes Run Modes ToolOption Run Tab
Normal Mode :-By default, QuickTest records in the normal recordingmode.Its runs your test or component with the
execution arrow to the left of the Keyword View orExpert View,marking each step or statement as it isperformed
Fast Mode:- This instructs QuickTest to run your test withoutthe test to run faster.
displaying the execution arrow for each step, enabling
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Record & Run Settings
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Run a Test and Save Results
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View Test Results
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Object RepositoryObject Repository:-It is nothing but a storage location. It contains the
collection logical name and physical description of a
particular object.
Logical Name:For Naming Convention
Physical Description :is Nothing but expected physical properties
There are two types of Object Repositories are available in QTP-1) Per Action (.mtr)
2) Shared Object Repository (.tsr)
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Object Repository Dialog Box
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Object Spy
Object spy is used to display or view all the physical properties andmethods of an object or a window based on the requirement.
Example: If window(Login). Exists Then
Msgbox(Pass)
elseMsgbox(Fail)
End If
Using the Object Spy, wecan view the properties ofany Object in the openapplication.
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How QTP Recognizes Objects
For each object class, QTP has a default set of properties that it always
learns.
1.Mandatory Properties.
2.Assistive properties.
3.Ordinal Identifier. Usually, only a few properties are needed to uniquely identify an object.
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Object Identification
By using object identification we can map customer userdefined object to standard Class.
Two types of propertiesare their in object Identification:
1) Mandatory Properties2) Assistive properties
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Ordinal Identifier
By using ordinal identifier options quick test able to identify an
object under ordinal identifier.
Three Componentsare available in ordinal identifier
1) Index2) Location
3) Creation time
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Smart Identification
Quick test unable to identify the object, it is change randomly. To identifysuch object we need to use Smart Identification.
Two propertiesare available in Smart identification
They are-1) Base Filter Properties
2) Optional Filter Properties
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SynchronizationPoint
Synchronization point enables the anticipated time problems between the application and
QTP.
A progress bar reaches 100% completion.
A status message appears.
A button becomes enabled.
A window opens and is ready for data entry.
A pop-up message appears in response to an operation.
There are 2types of synchronization points:
1) Sync
2) Wait Property
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How to ADD Synchronization Identify the object to be synchronized.
Navigate to the window where the object is located.
Locate the step in the test that corresponds to the object.
Start recording and add the synchronization point.
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Two ways to set Synchronization
Global synchronization value for all Objects.
Instructs Quick Test to wait for all the objects for a specific amount of time.
Synchronization of a specific Object.
Instructs Quick Test to wait for a specific object only.
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How to synchronize the Test
We can synchronize the test by
1.Inserting a synchronization point
Insert Step Synchronization point
Window(Flights).WinButton(Updateorder).WaitPropertyenabled,1,1000
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Synchronization of a Specific Object
Menu Insert Step
Synchronization Point
Quick Test shall pause the
test until the object property
achieves the value
specified here (or until thespecific timeout amount is
exceeded).
Quick Test uses one of the
objects properties as the
waiting criteria. E.g. Text
property for window, Labelproperty for buttons etc.
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Virtual ObjectVirtual Object is used to identify the properties of similar objects
in a particular Area.
Example:In normal recording if we select the paint brush
window, the script will look like this-
Window(Paint).ActivateWindow(Paint).Winobject(colors).Click 72,16
Window(Paint).Winobject(colors).Click 80,14
Window(Paint).Close
If we are using Virtual object, the script will look like this-
Window(Paint).ActivateWindow(Paint).Winobject(colors).Virtual Button(RED)
Window(Paint).Winobject(colors).VirtualButton(BLUE)
Window(Paint).Close
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Check PointsCheck Point is a verification point that compares the current value of thespecified property with the expected value for that property.
We can Insert checkpoint
1.From Menu:-Insert Checkpoint Standard Checkpoint
2.From Keyword view
3.From the Active Screen
There are 9 types of check points are available in QTP.They are-
1) Standard Check Point
2) Text/ Text Area Check Point
3) Bitmap Check point
4) Database Check Point
5) Table Check Point6) Page Check Point
7) XML Check Point
8) Image Check Point
9) Accessibility Check Point
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Types and Their Use Standard Checkpoint
Bitmap Checkpoint
Text Checkpoint
Checks the property value ofthe object in an applicationor Webpage. It checksbuttons,Radiobuttons,Comboboxes etc
Checks the value of animage in the application.
Checks whether the textstring is displayed in the
appropriate place in yourapplication or on a Webpage
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Database Checkpoint
XML Checkpoint
Checks the contents of a
database accessed by theapplication
Checks the data content ofXML documents in the
application.
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Checkpoint Types
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When to Use Checkpoints Before creating checkpoints on web objects we have to select
web-test option in ADD-IN Manager.
If the objects developed in HTML we can use Standard Checkpoint.
If the Objects developed in XML we can use XML Check point.
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How Checkpoints Work - Playback
Execute checkpoint
Object: Button
Logical Name : OK
Property: Enabled
Value: True
Actual =expect
ed ?
Test Results
PASS
Script Expected Result
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Objects that QuickTest can VerifyWINDOWS WEB
Window Browser
Edit Field Text Area
Drop down list Text Link
Menu command Images
Radio Button Image Link
Checkbox Edit Field
Windows Object Drop down list
Status Bar Checkbox
Text Area Radio Button
Tables/ Grids
Web Element
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Insert Checkpoint A checkpoint can be added
after a test is created.
Use the Active Screen toselect the field on whichthe checkpoint will beadded.
Right-click on theappropriate field andchoose Insert StandardCheckpoint.
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How to Add a Checkpoint
Donotautomaticallyselectthepre-
definedlistofpropertiestocheck.
Scrolldownthepropertylisttofind
theproperty(orproperties)thatbestmeetsthetestrequirement.
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Table Checkpoint
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Database Checkpoint
Choose Insert > Checkpoint > Database Checkpoint. TheDatabase Query Wizard opens.
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Database Checkpoint cont
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Inserting a Checkpoint During Recording
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Identifying a Failed Checkpoint
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Output Values
Output Value is used to retrieve the current value of any object in the application
and stores for further processing
Insert
Output Value
Select the type of output value.
Right click the object in the Active screen and select the type of output value to be
added
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How to use Output Value
Select the
output to be
considered
Select the
Property
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ParametersObjectives
Describe and use multiple parameter types.
Drive data in multiple iterations.
Analyze errors during iterations.
Parameterize a checkpoint.
Types of Parameterization
Datatable
Environment variables
Random numbers Action Parameters
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Data Driven TestTesting the same application with multiple sets of data.
Input Parameters For Data Driven Tests
A data-driven test is one that runs a set of user actions with multiple input values. Datadriving allows one script to test application functionality with many sets of data.
Automated data driven testing frees you to perform more tests, thus increasing testcoverage. Speed, repeatability, free resources to do other kinds of quality control
How to use parameterization:
Example:Before parameterization
Dialog(Login).Activate
Dialog(Login).WinEdit(name).Set Axis
Dialog(Login).WinEdit(Password).SetSecureaxisitt
DialogLogin.Close
After Parameterization
Dialog(Login).Activate
Dialog(Login).WinEdit(Login name).Set DataTable(name, dtglobalsheet)
Dialog(Login).WinEdit(Password). Set DataTable (password, dtglobalsheet)
DialogLogin.Close
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A Test with Multiple Actions
Actions can be divided into logicalsections, like the main sections of atransaction, or by specific businessprocesses.
When you create a new test, itcontains one action. By dividingyour tests into multiple actions, youcan design more modular andefficient tests.
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Actions
Action is nothing but a logical portion to entire script file based on the
requirement. Each and every action should have meaningful result.
Types of Actions:
1) Regular (By default)
2) Reusable
Tests that contain reusable actions can be used:
1) Locally
2) Externally
How to work with Actions:
1) Call to copy of Action
2) Call to Existing Action
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Insert Call to a New Action
You can add a new action during or
after recording.
Select Insert ? New Action from the
QuickTest main menu. The Insert New
Action window appears.
Or use the lego icon on the toolbar
to insert new action.
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Using Parameterized Data
Test data can be passed from one testto another test using the value of aninput parameter.
This creates a data flow betweenbusiness processes.
The value passed from one businessprocess to another will come from theData Table.
Be aware of any data dependencies
that occur within the businessprocess.
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Copied, Existing or New Action
After reusable actions are created, they
can be called into a Main Calling
test in three ways:
Call to New Action
Call to Copy of Action
Call to Existing Action
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Set Actions as Reusable
Create a reusable action from theAction properties dialog.
Check the checkbox and click OK. Amessage will appear stating adescription of a reusable action.
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Using Data Sheet
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Setting the Parameter Value
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Test Results Iterations
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Exception Handling
It enables Quick test to detect and handle when unexpectederror occurred during execution time.
Types of Exception Handling:
1) Popup Exception Handling
2) Object State Exception Handling
3) Test Run Exception Handling
4) Application Crash
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Recovery Scenarios
To instruct Quick test to recover from unexpected events and errors that occurin the testing environment during the run session.
A Recovery scenario consists of
a) Trigger Event
b) Recovery Operation
c) Post Recovery Run Option
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Recovery Scenario Wizard
We can create the recovery scenario using recovery scenario wizard.
Recovery scenario wizard consists of
a) Define the trigger event that interrupts the run session
b) Specifying the recovery operations required to continuec) Choosing a post recovery test run operation
d) Specifying a name and description for the recovery scenario
e) Specifying whether to associate the recovery scenario to the current test and / or to
all new tests.
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Recovery Scenario Wizard
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Debugging
The Pauseoption in the Debug menu is used to temporarily suspend the run. To
resume running a paused test, click the Runbutton.
The StepInto(F11) option in the Debug menu is used to run the current line of the
test. If the current line of the active test or component calls another action or a
function, the called action/function is displayed in the QuickTest window, and the test
or component pauses at the first line of the called action/function. Step Out Choose Debug > Step Out or click the Step Outbutton, or press
SHIFT+F11 only after using Step Into to enter a action or a user-defined function.
Step Out runs to the end of the called action or user-defined function, then returns to
the calling action and pauses the run session.
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Breakpoint
The Insert\Remove Breakpoint(F9) option in the Debug menu is used to
stop a test run at a pre-determined place in a test.
To set a breakpoint:
Step 1 Click a step or a line in the test or component where you wantthe run to stop.
Step 2 Choose Debug > Insert/Remove Breakpoint, press F9, or click
the Insert/Remove Breakpointbutton. The breakpoint symbol
is displayed in the left margin of the Keyword View and ExpertView.
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Debug Viewer
The DebugVieweroption in the View menu is used to view, set, or modify the
current value of objects or variables in the test,when a test stops at a breakpoint.
To open the Debug Viewer pane:
1 Run a test or component with one or more breakpoints.
2 When it pauses at a breakpoint, choose View > Debug Viewer or click the Debug
Viewerbutton.
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Debug Viewer Watch Expressions Tab: Use the Watch Expressions tab to view the current
value of any variable or VBScript object that you enter in the Watch Expressionstable. Paste or type the name of the object or variable into the Name column andpress ENTER to view the current value in the Value column.
Variables Tab :Use the Variables tab to view the current value of all variables, inthe current action or selected subroutine, identified up to the point where the testor component stopped
Command Tab :Use the Command tab to execute a line of script in order to setor modify the current value of a variable or VBScript object in your test orcomponent.
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Regular Expressions
It enables quick test to identify test string with varying value (varying
means changing)
Regular Expressionscan be used in the following areas:1) Check Points
2) In parameterization
3) Data Driven test
4) Actions
5) Exception Handling.etc
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Some Regular ExpressionsExpression Char Description
Period . Matches any single character
Asterisk * Matches zero to any number of occurrences of the preceding character
Plus + Matches one to any number of occurrences of the preceding character
Brackets [A-Z][a-z] Matches a range of characters
[0-9] Matches a range of numbers
\w Matches any alphanumeric character including underscore
\W Matches any non-alphanumeric character
Digit \d Matches any digit
\d{4} Matches exactly four digits
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Descriptive Programming
Without using the object repository test engineer can develop automation
test in this particular accept, we need to use a technique called as
descriptive programming.
Script:Dialog(test:=Login).Activate
Dialog(text;=Login).wineidt(attached text:= Login name). SetAxisitt
Dialog(text:=Login).wineidt(attached text:= Password). Set 88888
Dialog(text:=Login).Close
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Environmental variables
It is a special type of variable which is use to expose the data related toenvironment.
Environment Variables
Built In user defined
Internal External
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VBScript
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Outline Introduction
Operators
Data Type and Control Structures
Arrays
Database Connection
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IntroductionVBScript
Subset of Microsoft Visual Basic
Specific to Internet Explorer
JavaScript has replaced VBScript as standard
Most commonly used alongside ASP
Active Server Pages
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OperatorTypes of operators
Arithmetic
Logical
Concatenation
Comparison
Relational
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Operators.. Addition +
Multiplication *
Subtraction -
Division (integer) /
Division (floating-point) \
Negation -
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Data TypesSubtype Range/Description
Boolean True or False
Byte Integer in the range 0 to 255
Currency 922337203685477.5808 to 922337203685477.5807
Date/Time 1 January 100 to 31 December 9999 / 0:00:00 to 23:59:59.
Double 1.79769313486232E308 to4.94065645841247E324 (negative)
4.94065645841247E324 to 1.79769313486232E308 (positive)
Empty Uninitialized. This value is 0 for numeric types (e.g., double), False for
booleans and the empty string (i.e., "") for strings.
Integer 32768 to 32767
Long 2147483648 to 2147483647
Object Any object type.
Single 3.402823E38 to1.401298E45 (negative)
1.401298E45 to 3.402823E38 (positive)
String 0 to ~2000000000 characters.
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Control Structures..Looping
If Then.. End if
If Then ..Elseif ..End if
WhileWendand Do WhileLoop
DoUntil Loopand DoLoop Until
Repeat until loop-continuation condition is true
For .. Next
Condition cannot be modified mid-loop
Optional Stepkeyword
Select Case ..Case .. End Case
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VBScript IF Then Else End If
If Then
ElseIf < Condition> Then 'Optional
Else
End IF
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Loops
For i = 0 to n step 1
Statement
Next
Do while
Statement
Loop
Do until
StatementLoop
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Select CaseSelect Case
Case
Book of statement
Case
Book of statement
Case Else
Book of statement
End Case
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User interaction
Displays dialog that accepts input
intValue = InputBox( "Enter an integer", "Input Box", , 1000, 1000 )
Displays message dialog ,Customizable buttons and iconCall MsgBox( "VBScript is fun!", , "Results" )
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Arrays Related data items of same type
Fixed size or dynamic
Made up of individual elements
Accessed via array name, parentheses and index number
Start at position zero
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Arrays Example Declaring array with three elements
Dimnumbers( 2)
Assigning values to each element
numbers(0) = 77
numbers(1) = 68
numbers(2) = 55
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VBScript Simple File I/O Use the FileSyenstem Object
For opening ,Reading writing and appending etc a file
Example:-
Dim fso,tfSet fso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
Set tf = fso.CreateTextFile(C:\TestFile",True)
Write a Line
tf.writeline(Testing,1,2,3.")
tf.close
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ADODB connectionUsing ADODB connection we can connect to DBset
DBobj=createobject("ADODB.connection")DBobj.open("DSN=")
set rc=createobject("ADODB.recordset")set rc=DBobj.execute("Select * from orders")
If rc.eoftruevalue=rc.fields(0)
End if
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Q&A
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THANK YOU
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