Download - Done Running Speed
INTRODUCTION
Speed is an important part in transportation consideration because it relates to time and safety. As we know, running speed is the average speed over some course is maintained while the vehicle was moving by dividing the length of the some particular course and the time of the vehicle is in motion. The running speed will always be greater than or equal to the speed of travel while the delay wasn't taken into the calculation of speed. This experiment are required to conduct running speed study by recording the time of sample of vehicle from point A to point B which is 3km in order to estimate the distribution of speed of vehicles which are useful in making many speed-related decisions. Running speed study experiment need to find time travel from point A to point B by using some sample vehicle at Sri Mutiara road at peak hours around 4.00pm until 6.00pm. This laboratory is provided with the methodology and guidelines for result and analysis to be presented in our report.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the speed of vehicles travel between two points by using manual calculation.
THEORITICAL BACKGROUD
For selecting a location and layout care must be exercised so that the observer can clearly see any vertical reference posts. The observers should be positioned higher than the study area and be looking down time. The watch is stopped when the vehicles' front wheels pass a reference line in front of the observer. To calculate vehicle speed, use the predetermined study area length and the elapsed time as recorded on the stopwatch data form. The formula is
v= d (km)t (time)
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Running speed study is designed to measure the speed at a specific location under the traffic and environmental conditions prevailing at the time of the study and determined between two points on a roadway. Speeds vary with the type of road and traffic volume. Level of service based on speed is an indicator of quality of traffic flow.
In this laboratory activity, a distance of 0.3km to 0.5km between two points at particular location is chosen and a time for a vehicle passing through from first point to another point is recorded. The running speed is measured by dividing the distance passing through from first point to another point is recorded. The running speed is measured by dividing the distance passing through with the time taken. Common unit km/hr.
APPARATUS
Vest The vest usually have striking and bright color. It is for visible by vehicle on a road and usually used for people that involved in construction road and building especially in the night. The vest can reflect when it hit the car's light. This vest was used when the experiment conducted for student safety at the road.
Stopwatch Stop watch was functionally use when we want to take time for some particular experiment. In this experiment, the stop watch use for take time from point A to point B on the road. There will be 2 stop watch for each group and each stopwatch for each point. For the point A was initial time taken while for point B was final time taken for each vehicles.
Distance tape measurement Distance tape measurement are usually used to measure the distance between point A to point B in 0.3km on the road. There are students for each point between 300km.
Con The con are usually for construction and safety but in this experiment we used two con for each group and one con for each point to give a concern for vehicles there's people on the road. This will help student in our safety.
PROCEDURES:
1. A straight stretch of a road in front of Restaurant Afrin was chosen to be the study site of the running speed study experiment. The distance of straight stretch was 0.3km and marks as point A and B (at the beginning and end of the test section).
2. Two members was place for the each point A and B.3. Chose a position that the vehicles were not be aware that their vehicles was record.4. The members of the each point A and B have to records the last three or four digits of the
plate number and the time that the each car passes to the point A and B.5. Also, the delay time of the vehicles are records and observe (stop at traffic light or etc.).6. Match the times of the beginning and the end of the experiment for each plate number of
vehicles that was record. The difference of the traveling time of each vehicle between these times (minus delay/ stop time if applicable).
7. 100 matched plate number of the speed samples should be same for reasonably accurate results.
TABLE OF DATA
NO NO. PLATE DISTANCE
(km)
TIME SPEED
(km/hr)
TYPE OF VEHICLE
POINT A
(h)
POINT B
(h)
Time taken
(s)
1. 525 0.3 5.02.26 5.02.41 15 0.02 Car
2. 9611 0.3 5.03.16 5.03.45 29 0.01034 Car
3. 3256 0.3 5.03.27 5.03.57 30 0.01 Car
4. 1923 0.3 5.03.33 5.04.02 31 0.00967 Car
5. 9810 0.3 5.03.40 5.04.09 31 0.00968 Car
6. 7030 0.3 5.04.39 5.04.49 10 0.003 Car
7. 1346 0.3 5.04.22 5.04.44 22 0.01364 Car
8. 9986 0.3 5.04.23 5.04.50 27 0.01111 Car
9. 3940 0.3 5.04.42 5.04.52 10 0.03 Car
10. 9087 0.3 5.05.02 5.05.22 20 0.015 Car
11. 5880 0.3 5.05.36 5.05.51 15 0.02 Car
12. 50 0.3 5.05.55 5.06.15 40 0.0750 Car
13. 2726 0.3 5.06.04 5.06.29 25 0.012 Car
14. 6363 0.3 5.06.19 5.06.39 20 0.015 Car
15. 3793 0.3 5.06.26 5.06.47 21 0.01429 Car
16. 7508 0.3 5.06.34 5.06.55 21 0.01429 Car
17. 9238 0.3 5.06.42 5.07.02 40 0.0750 Car
18. 4136 0.3 5.07.02 5.07.23 21 0.01429 Car
19. 5267 0.3 5.07.05 5.07.51 46 0.00652 Car
20. 6754 0.3 5.07.28 5.07.55 27 0.1111 Car
21. 4963 0.3 5.08.02 5.08.14 12 0.025 Car
22. 6031 0.3 5.08.09 5.08.23 14 0.02143 Car
23. 6186 0.3 5.08.16 5.08.27 11 0.02727 Car
24. 9913 0.3 5.08.25 5.08.41 16 0.01875 Car
25. 79 0.3 5.08.34 5.08.50 16 0.01875 Car
26. 6150 0.3 5.08.41 5.08.56 15 0.02 Car
27. 8723 0.3 5.08.46 5.09.06 40 0.00750 Car
28. 709 0.3 5.08.53 5.09.12 41 0.00732 Car
29. 7338 0.3 5.09.11 5.09.24 13 0.02308 Car
30. 8654 0.3 5.09.19 5.09.33 14 0.02143 Car
31. 1721 0.3 5.09.28 5.09.48 20 0.015 Car
32. 567 0.3 5.09.32 5.09.56 24 0.01250 Car
33. 5132 0.3 5.09.34 5.09.52 18 0.01667 Car
34. 4245 0.3 5.10.10 2.10.22 12 0.025 Car
35. 485 0.3 5.10.24 5.10.38 14 0.01243 Car
36. 4072 0.3 5.10.40 5.10.59 19 0.01579 Car
37. 2304 0.3 5.10.51 5.11.07 44 0.00682 Car
38. 634 0.3 5.11.05 5.11.20 15 0.02 Car
39. 4219 0.3 5.11.13 5.11.30 17 0.01765 Car
40. 9445 0.3 5.11.18 5.11.37 19 0.01579 Car
41. 4791 0.3 5.11.38 5.12.00 38 0.00789 Car
42. 4077 0.3 5.12.10 5.12.33 23 0.01304 Car
43. 8655 0.3 5.12.24 5.12.33 9 0.03333 Car
44. 546 0.3 5.12.33 5.12.43 20 0.015 Car
45. 4208 0.3 5.12.37 5.12.48 11 0.02728 Car
45. 6732 0.3 5.12.45 5.13.02 43 0.00697 Car
46. 7726 0.3 5.12.48 5.13.06 42 0.00714 Car
47. 298 0.3 5.12.58 5.13.12 46 0.00652 Car
48. 8898 0.3 5.13.02 5.13.32 30 0.01 Car
49. 7508 0.3 5.13.16 5.13.36 20 0.015 Car
50. 9565 0.3 5.13.28 5.13.44 16 0.01875 Car
51. 4498 0.3 5.13.35 5.14.00 35 0.00857 Car
52. 9340 0.3 5.13.37 5.13.53 16 0.01875 Car
53. 4241 0.3 5.14.19 4.14.38 19 0.01579 Car
54. 951 0.3 5.14.27 5.14.49 22 0.01364 Car
55. 2577 0.3 5.14.37 5.14.54 17 0.01765 Car
56. 9764 0.3 5.14.42 5.15.06 36 0.00833 Car
57. 4582 0.3 5.14.54 5.15.07 47 0.00638 Car
58. 9548 0.3 5.15.22 5.15.36 14 0.02143 Car
59. 7555 0.3 5.15.32 5.15.49 17 0.01765 Car
60. 9138 0.3 5.15.42 5.15.59 17 0.01765 Car
61. 6303 0.3 5.15.51 5.16.06 45 0.00667 Car
62. 8196 0.3 5.16.02 5.16.12 10 0.03 Car
63. 1430 0.3 5.16.04 5.16.29 25 0.012 Car
64. 9142 0.3 5.16.10 5.16.27 17 0.01765 Car
65. 6460 0.3 5.16.16 5.16.31 15 0.02 Car
66. 8411 0.3 5.16.22 5.16.40 18 0.01667 Car
67. 442 0.3 5.16.35 5.16.52 17 0.01765 Car
68. 2881 0.3 5.16.42 5.17.04 38 0.00789 Car
69. 6006 0.3 5.16.58 5.17.21 37 0.00818 Car
70. 8011 0.3 5.18.02 5.18.12 10 0.03 Car
71. 9139 0.3 5.18.04 5.18.15 11 0.02727 Car
72. 1296 0.3 5.18.06 5.18.18 12 0.025 Car
73. 7564 0.3 5.18.08 5.18.34 26 0.01154 Car
74. 3178 0.3 5.18.14 5.18.32 18 0.01667 Car
75. 66 0.3 5.18.15 5.18.35 20 0.015 Car
76. 1138 0.3 5.18.51 5.19.08 43 0.00698 Car
77. 9192 0.3 5.18.56 5.19.08 48 0.00625 Car
78. 7909 0.3 5.18.58 5.19.15 43 0.00698 Car
79. 5096 0.3 5.19.21 5.19.51 30 0.01 Car
80. 4982 0.3 5.19.25 5.19.46 21 0.01429 Car
81. 6381 0.3 5.20.02 5.20.17 15 0.02 Car
82. 4881 0.3 5.20.20 5.20.34 10 0.03 Car
83. 5347 0.3 5.20.25 5.20.44 24 0.0125 Car
84. 8606 0.3 5.20.32 5.20.49 17 0.01765 Car
85. 9286 0.3 5.20.50 5.21.08 42 0.00714 Car
86. 6761 0.3 5.20.54 5.21.10 44 0.00682 Car
87. 97 0.3 5.21.12 5.21.24 12 0.025 Car
88. 4261 0.3 5.21.15 5.21.32 17 0.01765 Car
89. 2220 0.3 5.21.20 5.21.38 18 0.01667 Car
90. 3668 0.3 5.21.24 5.21.40 16 0.01875 Car
91. 4016 0.3 5.21.33 5.21.52 19 0.01579 Car
92. 2528 0.3 5.22.28 5.22.49 21 0.01429 Car
93. 3977 0.3 5.23.00 5.23.20 20 0.015 Car
94. 9172 0.3 5.23.04 5.23.22 18 0.01667 Car
95. 6982 0.3 5.23.07 5.23.25 18 0.01667 Car
96. 3234 0.3 5.23.13 5.23.30 18 0.01667 Car
97. 7653 0.3 5.23.32 5.23.49 17 0.01765 Car
98. 7871 0.3 5.23.51 5.24.08 43 0.00698 Car
99. 7657 0.3 5.24.02 5.24.19 17 0.01765 Car
100 9116 0.3 5.24.12 5.24.30 18 0.01667 Car
ANALYSIS
Time taken = Point A – Point B
= 5.02.41- 5.02.26
= 15 s
Speed = distancetime
= 0.3km15 s
= 0.02 km/hr
DISCUSSION
The data is obtained during laboratory session. Data of 100 numbers of cars need to be taken to determine the speed between distances given. The speed is obtained by compute the time taken of cars pass two checkpoint. The distance between two checkpoints is 0.3km. The data from table is analyzed and it shows that the highest speed obtained is 0.02km/h and the lowest speed obtained is 0.00967 km/h.
During the analyzation, it seen like there is something error occurred became the pattern of the result obtained. As we discussed, there is several error that affect the result which is systematic error. Tools such as stopwatch will disrupt the data if not take simultaneously. Both at checkpoint A and B must start simultaneously to obtain accurate result. Furthermore, others error is parallax error. The distance measured might be affect the data even minor. There also the data was not taken precisely. It need to be measured when the car passed the line (checkpoint).
CONCLUSION
As conclusion, our group has successfully achieved the objective of the experiment which is to determine the speed of vehicles travel between two points by using manual calculation. We have learned identify the pattern of the running speed between two points at a particular location. Next, we have analyzed the data and we have sorted the data acquired in a suitable format which is simple and clean. The highest speed for our running speed study is 0.02km/h while the lowest is 0.00967km/h. This shows that the road have a diversity of vehicle speeds. All in all, this experiment has given us the opportunity to reproduce data similar to the theory that has been taught in class.
APPENDIX
REFERENCES
1. Website: Civilengineeringlaboratory.blogspot.my Title: Spot Speed Study.Author's name: Syarifah Anom
SAFETY AND HEALTH
Student must arrive at each session in time with proper dress code such as lab coat and safety shoes. No slipper are allowed.
Student should read the instruction carefully and follow the laboratory procedures. Don’t touch anything that you are not completely unfamiliar with.
When using the equipment or run the experiment you must take the equipment and use wisely and carefully. You also must return the equipment properly.
Student are not allowed to enter the laboratory without permission from the lecturers or the technician. Working alone in laboratory are strictly forbidden.