differentiation and qualitative tests for organic compounds
DESCRIPTION
Chemistry laboratory 204 activity number 1TRANSCRIPT
Differentiation and Qualitative Tests for Organic Compounds
Activity 1
Objectives
• Differentiate organic compounds from inorganic compounds in three different tests(Ignition tests, Solubility test, and
Electrical conductivity test)
Objectives
• Characterize Organic compounds through qualitative testing to determine the presence of predominant elements
found in organic compounds.
Objectives
• To perform and show corresponding results based on the performed
experiment.
Data InterpretationPart I. Differentiation Tests
Data 1. Ignition Test1. Flammability
Reactants Observations
a. Ethyl Alcohol Ignited upon contact with flame
a. Water Did not ignite
C2H5OH(aq) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)
Chemical reaction
2. Charring
Reactants Observations
a. Sucrose Charcoal was left
a. Sodium Chloride No change
C12H22O2(s) + 9/2O2(g) 12C(s) + 11H2O(g)
Chemical reaction
3. Solubility Test
Reactants Observations
Water Ether
a. Naphthalene Powder Insoluble Soluble
a. Sodium Chloride soluble Insoluble
Solutes
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
NapthaleneSodium Chloride
Solvents
CH3 O
CH3Ether
OHH
Water
C. Electrical Conductivity
Reactants Observations
a. 1M Glycerol Solution Bulb did not light
a. 1M NaCl Solution Bulb lighted
a. 95% ethanol solution Bulb did not light
Part II. Qualitative Tests A. Test for Carbon and Hydrogen
Observations2 g copper (II) oxide The mixture charred when in contact with + 1 g glucose heated flame and produced a foul smelling smokeGas produced + lime water and turned yellowish in color.
Presence of Carbon __√__Yes _____No Presence of Hydrogen __√__Yes _____No
CuO(s) + C6H12O6(s) 3CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)
CO2(g) + Ca(OH)2(aq) H2O(l) + CaCO3(s)
B. Ferrox Paper Test for Oxygen
Reactant Observations Presence of Oxygen
a. AcetoneOrange red
__√_ Yes ____No
b. BenzeneColorless
____ Yes _√__No
c. Ethyl AlcoholDeep red
__√_ Yes ____No
d. Gasoline/ Kerosene
No change____ Yes __√_No
O
CH3
CH3
Acetone
OH
H
H H
H H
Ethyl Alcohol
Gasoline
H
H
H
H
H
H
Benzene
C. Soda lime Test for Nitrogen
Observations Urea + soda lime + heat Vaporized, foul smelling, blue in colorLitmus paper
Presence of Nitrogen __√__Yes _____No
CH4N2O(s) + 2NaOH(s) 2NH3(aq) +Na2CO3(s)
Na2CO3(s) + CaO(aq) + H2O(l) 2NaOH(s)+CaCO3(s)
CH4N2O(s) + CaO(aq) + H2O(l) 2NH3(aq) + CaCO3(s)
D. Tests for Halogens 1. Belstein Test
Observations Color of flame Green Flame
Presence of Halogen __√__Yes _____No
2Cu(s) + O2(g) 2CuO(s)
2CuO(s) +2CHCl3 3CuCl2 + 2{CHO}
2. Silver nitrate test
ObservationsSolution of chloroform Insoluble precipitate was formed + 5% Nitric acid
Presence of Halogen __√__Yes _____No
CHCl3(aq) + HNO3 3H+ + NO3- + 3Cl-
HCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) HNO3(aq) + AgCl(s)
E. Lead Acetate Test for Sulfur
ObservationsMixture of 5% Albumin, Turned brownish-black in color5 drops of 10% NaOH &2 drops of 5% lead acetate
Presence of Sulfur __√__Yes _____No
5% albumin + NaOH Na2S
Na2S + Pb(CH3COO)2 PbS+ 2Na(CH3COO)
Answers to Questions:6
1. Question: Account for the observed solubility of naphthalene and sodium chloride in water and in ether based on the nature of the bonds that exist in them.
2. Question: What indications tell about the type of bonding present in glycerol and ethyl alcohol? Explain.
3. Question: Show the chemical reactions for the ignition tests. What implications does this have on pressing environmental issues?
4. Question: Show the chemical reactions for the test for carbon and hydrogen. Are these tests enough to accurately determine the presence of the two elements? Justify.
5. Question: Show the structural formulas of acetone, benzene, ethyl alcohol and octane. Cite one application for each in field of medicine.
CONCLUSION
The end