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DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY Courses of Study in Chemistry with Credit Hours

Course Code Course Title Credit Hr.

Semester – I CHEM-1101 Biochemistry-I 2 CHEM-1101P Biochemistry-I (Practical) 1

Semester – II CHEM-1201 Biochemistry-II 2 CHEM-1201P Biochemistry-II (Practical) 1

Semester – III CHEM-2101 Organic Chemistry-I 2 CHEM-2101P Organic Chemistry-I (Practical) 1

Semester – IV CHEM-2201 Organic Chemistry-II 2 CHEM-2201P Organic Chemistry-II (Practical) 1 CHEM-2202 Analytical Chemistry-I 3 CHEM-2202P Analytical Chemistry-I (Practical) 1

Semester – V CHEM-3101 Physical Chemistry-I 3 CHEM-3101P Physical Chemistry-I (Practical) 1 CHEM-3102 Inorganic Chemistry-I 3 CHEM-3102P Inorganic Chemistry-I (Practical) 1 CHEM-3103 Organic Chemistry-III 2 CHEM-3103P Organic Chemistry-III (Practical) 1 CHEM-3104 Analytical Chemistry-II 2 CHEM-3104P Analytical Chemistry-II (Practical) 1 CHEM-3105 Environmental Chemistry 3

Semester – VI CHEM-3201 Physical Chemistry-II 3 CHEM-3201P Physical Chemistry-II (Practical) 1 CHEM-3202 Inorganic Chemistry-II 3 CHEM-3202P Inorganic Chemistry-II (Practical) 1 CHEM-3203 Organic Chemistry-IV 2 CHEM-3203P Organic Chemistry-IV (Practical) 1 CHEM-3204 General Applied Chemistry 2 CHEM-3204P General Applied Chemistry (Practical) 1 CHEM-3205 Polymer Chemistry 3 Semester-VII Specialization (Physical / Inorganic /Organic / Analytical/ Biochemistry /Applied) CHEM-4101 Organic Spectroscopy (Compulsory) 3 CHEM-4101P Organic Spectroscopy (Practical) 1 Accordingly Paper-I 3 do Paper-II 3 do Paper-III 3 do Practical 1

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CHEM-4211 Research Project / Internship 3 Semester-VIII Specialization

(Physical / Inorganic / Organic / Analytical/ Biochemistry /Applied) CHEM-4201 Separation Techniques (Compulsory) 3 CHEM-4201P Separation Techniques (Practical) 1 Accordingly Paper-IV 3 do Paper-V 3 do Paper-VI 3 do Practical 1 CHEM-4211 Research Project / Internship 3

BS: 1st Year (Semester-I)

Course Title: Biochemistry-I Cr. Hr. 2 Course Code: CHEM-1101 1. Thermodynamics in Life First Law of thermodynamics: Energy & Enthalpy Changes, Second law of thermodynamics: the universe tends towards maximum disorder, Third law of thermodynamics: Free energy the indicator of spontaneity, Chemical equilibria and Equilibrium constants. 2. Aqueous solutions as medium of life. Role of hybridization towards geometry and shape of water molecules, Water as a solvent, Dissociation of water, pH and pH scale, Strengths of Acids and Bases, pH Buffers, pH Indicators, Solubility and solubility Product. 3. Amino acids and Proteins Amino acids, classification and properties. Optical activity and Isomerism in amino acids. Proteins, classification and properties. Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins. Amino acid sequence. Biological functions of proteins and peptides. 4. Lipids Classification. Fatty acids and their properties. Chemistry of glycerides, phospholipids and steroids. Biological significance of lipids. Structure and functions of biological membranes 5. Carbohydrates Classification of carbohydrates, chemistry and properties of monosaccharide, disaccharides and polysaccharides.

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Practical: Biochemistry-I Cr. Hr. 1 Course Code: CHEM-1101P

1. Acid hydrolysis of starch 2. Qualitative tests for amino acids 3. Isolation and identification of amino acids from the given sample by

paper chromatography 4. Titration curve of amino acids. 5. Qualitative tests for carbohydrates (pentoses, hexsoses, reducing and

non reducing sugar). 6. Qualitative tests for fats, sterols and phospholipids. 7. Determination of iodine number of fat 8. Determination of acid value of fat Recommended Books: 1. Lehninger, A. L., “Principles of Biochemistry” Worth Publisher, New York

(2001) 2. Murray, R. K., P. A. Mayes, D. K. Granner and V. W. Rodwell, “Harper’s .

Biochemistry”, 3. Appleton and Lange (2000). 4. Robert, “Harper’s Biochemistry”, 25th Edition (2000) 5. Stryer, L. “Biochemistry”, Freeman & Co.( 1994) 6. Voet, D. and Voet J.G. “Biochemistry” John Wiley & Sons, New York

(2000) 7. West, “Text Book of Biochemistry” 4th Edition. (2000) 8. Zubay, G. “Biochemistry”, 4th Edition Macmillan Publishing Co.(1999) 9. Passmore, R. and M. A. Eastwood, Human Nutrition & Dietetics, Churchill

Livingstone/ELBS.

BS: 1st Year (Semester-II)

Course Title: Biochemistry-II Cr. Hr. 2 Course Code: CHEM-1201 1. Nucleic Acids Purines and pyrimidines, nucleosides and nucleotides, Structures and functions of RNA and DNA. 2. Enzymes Chemical nature, nomenclature and classification, Catalysis and enzyme kinetics, Enzyme activity, Effect of different factors on enzyme activity, Coenzymes and immobilized enzymes. 3. Vitamins Introduction, classification, chemistry and biological significances of vitamins.

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4. Bioenergetics and Biological oxidation Introduction, high energy molecules, biological oxidations, oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis and citric acid cycle. 5. Evolution of Biomolecules Different theories of evolution of biomolecules, evolution of complex living systems. Practical: Biochemistry-II Cr. Hr. 1 Course Code: CHEM-1201P

1. Assay of catalase isolated from potato 2. Extraction and estimation of amylase from germinating seeds 3. Determination of Km and Vmax of Amylase 4. Isolation of DNA 5. Estimation of Na+ ions in blood/urine 6. Estimation of K+ in blood/urine 7. Estimation of glucose in blood/urine sample using quantitative

Benedict’s reagent 8. Estimation of protein in egg by Lowry’s method

Recommended Books Theory 1. Lehninger, A. L. Principles of Biochemistry, Worth Publisher, New York (2001). 2. Murray, R. K., P. A. Mayes, D. K. Granner and V. W. Rodwell, Harper’s

Biochemistry, Appleton and Lange (2000). 3. Watson, J. D., J. Tooze and D. T. Kurtz, Recombinant DNA, Scientific

American Books 4. Darnell Jr., J., H. Lodish and D. Baltimore, Molecular Cell Biology, Scientific

American Books. Practicals 1. Dryer, R. L. and G. F. Lata, Experimental Biochemistry, Oxford University

Press. 2. Wilson, A. Practical Biochemistry: Principle and techniques (2000). 3. Swotzer, Experimental Biochemistry theory and exercises in fundamental

method (2000) 4. T. N. Pattabiraman. Laboratory Manual in biochemistry. All India

Publishers(1998) 5. Plummer, D. T., Introduction to Practical Biochemistry, McGraw Hill Book Co.,

New York (1986).

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BS: 2nd Year (Semester-III) Course Title: Organic Chemistry-I Cr. Hr. 2 Course Code: CHEM-2101 1. Basic Concepts in Chemical Bonding Concept of hybridization leading to bond angles, bond energies and geometry of some organic molecules; inductive effect; dipole moment; Localized and delocalized bonding; resonance, resonance energy, rules of resonance, resonance effect, steric inhibition of resonance; hyperconjugation; tautomerism; hydrogen bonding and its significance in living system. 2. Chemistry of the Hydroxyl Group and Ethers Physical properties of alcohols, preparation of alcohols by Hydration of alkenes, Hydrolysis of alkyl halides, Grignard reagents and Reduction of carbonyl compounds along with mechanism. Reactions of alcohols with detailed mechanism Physical properties of phenol, Preparation of phenol and reactions with a special focus on mechanisms. Open chain and cyclic ethers, their preparation, properties and reactions. 3. Chemistry of Carbonyl Compounds Structure and reactivity of the carbonyl group; preparation and reactions of aldehydes and ketones with a special emphasis on mechanisms. 4. Chemistry of Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives Physical properties of carboxylic acids, effect of substitution and structure on the strengths of acidity of carboxylic acids. Preparation and reactions of carboxylic acids and their derivatives i.e. esters, amides, acid halides and acid anhydrides along with mechanisms. Practical: Organic Chemistry-I Cr. Hr. 1 Course Code: CHEM-2101P 1. Basic Experimental Techniques Determination of melting, mixed melting and boiling point, Hand on practice on distillation, solvent extraction, crystallization 2. Preparation of Organic Compounds Preparation of following organic compounds. a) Aspirin b) Benzoic acid c) Benzyl alcohol d) Iodoform e) Ethylbenzoate f) Butyl chloride

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Recommended Books Theory 1. Bansal.R.K, “A Text book of Organic Chemistry” Wiley Eastern Ltd; Second

Edition (1990). 2. Carrey.F.A, “Organic Chemistry” The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc; Fourth

Edition (2000). 3. Finar.I.L, “Fundamental Principles of Organic Chemistry”Longman, Third

Edition, Vol.1 (1959). 4. March.J, “Advanced Organic Chemistry Reactions, Mechanisms and

Structure” John Wiley & Sons (latest edition available). 5. McMurry.J, “Organic Chemistry” Thomson Asia Ltd; Singapore, Fifth Edition

(2000). 6. Morrison.R.T, Boyd.R.N; “Organic Chemistry”Prentice-Hall, Inc; Sixth Edition

(1992). 7. Pine.S.H, Hendrickson.J.B Hammond.G.S, “Organic Chemistry”McGraw-Hill,

Inc; Fourth Sons.Inc; Fourth Edition (1992). Practicals 1. Furniss.B.S, Hannaford.A.J, Rogers.V, Smith.P.W.G, Tatchell.A.R, “Vogel’s

Text book of Practical Organic Chemistry Including Qualitative Organic Analysis” Longman Group Ltd; Fourth Edition(1986).

2. I.Gosney.J.T.S, Rowley.A.G, “Practical Organic Chemistry” Chapman and Hall (1990).

3. Mann.F.G, Saunders.B.C, “Practical Organic Chemistry” Lowe and Brydone (Printers) Ltd; Thetford, Norfolk (1975).

4. Shriner.R.L, Fuson.R.C, Curtin.D.Y and Morrill.T.C, “The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds (a laboratory manual)”John Wiley & Sons, Inc; Sixth Edition (1980).

5. Vogel, A., I., “Practical Organic Chemistry”, Longman Green & Co, (1995).

BS: 2nd

Year (Semester-IV) Course Title: Organic Chemistry-II Cr. Hr. 2 Course Code: CHEM-2201 1. Chemistry of Amino Group The structure of aliphatic and aromatic primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Physical and chemical properties of amines, basicity and nucleophilicity of amines. Synthesis and reactions of amines with detailed mechanisms. Diazonium salts: Preparation and their synthetic applications.

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2. Structure and Reactivity Concepts of acids and bases; scale of acidity and basicity; pK

a values; predicting

acid/base reactions from pKa

values; the effect of structure on the strengths of

acids and bases, field effects, resonance effects, steric effects, hydrogen bonding effects and hybridization effects; the effect of the medium on the strengths of acids and bases; the Hammett and Taft’s equations- applications and limitations. 3. Aliphatic Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions: Mechanisms and study of SN1, SN2 SNi, SN1’, SN2’ mechanisms; Neighbouring group participation: Intramolecular displacement by neighbouring oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur and halogen; The effects of the substrate structure, entering group, leaving group and reaction medium on the mechanisms and rates of substitution reactions. 4. Elimination Reactions: Study of E1, E1cB and E2 mechanisms; Saytzeff and Hofmann Rules; The effects of the substrate structure, attacking base, leaving group and the reaction medium on the rates and mechanisms of elimination reactions; competition between elimination and substitution reactions. Books Recommended: 1. March,J; “Advanced Organic Chemistry”,John Wiley & Sons,New York. 2. Morrison,R.T. and R.N.Boyd, “Organic Chemistry”,Allyn & Bacon Inc. 3. Pine,S.H; “Organic Chemistry”, McGraw Hill,Inc;New York. 4. Silverstein,R.M,G.C. Bassler and T.C.Morrill, “Spectrometric Identification of

Organic Compounds”, John Wiley & Sons,Inc.New York. 5. Solomon, T.W.G; “Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons,New York. Practical: Organic Chemistry-II Cr. Hr. 1 Course Code: CHEM-2201P Qualitative Organic Analysis Systematic identification of following organic compounds via preliminary tests, detection of elements, allocation of functional group, test for functional group and confirmation by solid derivative preparation/ melting point determination. i-Cinnamic acid ii-Urea iii-Thiourea iv-Benzoic acid v-Phenol vi-Catechol vii-Resorcinol viii-Phloroglucinol ix-Naphthalene x-Anthracene xi-Phenanthrene xii--Naphthol xiii--Naphthol xiv-Starch xv-Oxalic acid

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BS: 2nd Year (Semester-VI) Course Title: Analytical Chemistry-I Cr. Hr. 3 Course Code: CHEM-2202

1. Fundamentals of Chemometrics: Sampling, stoichiometric calculations, experimental errors, correlation coefficient, arithmetic mean, median, mode, standard deviation, relative standard deviation, confidence limit, Gaussian distribution, least square method, statistical tests, quality assurance and calibration methods.

2. Chemical Equilibrium: The equilibrium constant, equilibrium and

thermodynamics, solubility product, complex formation, protic acids and

bases, pH, strengths of acids and bases. Activity coefficients, monoprotic

acid-base equilibria, buffers, polyprotic acid-base equilibria.

3. Titrimetry and Gravimetry: Titration based on acid - base reactions,

titration based on complexation reactions, titration based on redox reactions,

precipitation reactions and Gravimetric analysis.

Practical: Analytical Chemistry-I Cr. Hr. 1 Course Code: CHEM-2202 P Course Title: Analytical Chemistry-I (Practical) Cr. Hr. 1 Course Code: CHEM-2202

1. Calibration of volumetric glassware, electronic and analytical equipments.

2. A statistical evaluation of spectrometric absorption data including linear regression analysis.

3. Graphing with MS Excel and constructing a calibration curve from a given analytical data.

4. Finding of [OH] ion when [H+] is known 5. Determination of hardness of water using EDTA. 6. Determination of chloride in tap water Sample. 7. Estimation of copper, arsenic, hydrogen peroxide and vitamin C using

iodometry. 8. Percentage determination of barium in barium nitrate by gravimetric

method. 9. Gravimetric determination of nickel in a given steel sample. 10. Determination of bicarbonates in clinical sample using back-titration.

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11. Determinations of cation in a mixture by complexometric titrations. 12. Study the effect of common ions on solubility of sparingly soluble salts

(AgCl / PbSO4).

Books Recommended: 1. Hill J. W. and Petrucci R. H. “General Chemistry” Prentice-Hall, Inc. (1996) 2. Blackburn, Thomas, R., “Equilibrium- A Chemistry of Solutions”, Holt, Rinehart

and Winston, Inc., 1969. 3. Christian, G.D., “Analytical Chemistry” 6th ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York,

2003. 4. Marr G. and Rockett B. W. “Practical Inorganic Chemistry” Van Nostrand

Reinhold Company. (1972)

5. Harris D.C., “Quantitative Chemical Analysis” 4th

Ed., Freeman (1995). 6. Miller J.C., and Miller J.N., “Statistics for Analytical Chemists” 7. Skoog D.A., West D.D., and Holler F.J., “Fundamentals of Analytical

Chemistry” 6th

Ed., Saunders College Publishing, 1992.

BS: 3rd

Year (Semester-V) Course Title: Physical Chemistry-I Cr. Hr. 3 Course Code: CHEM-3101 1. Physical States of Matter: Ideal and real gases, equations of state, critical phenomenon, critical constants, collision diameter, mean free path and collision number. Physical properties of liquids: surface tension, viscosity, refractive index, dipole moment etc. and their applications. Brief account of interactions among the molecules in liquids. Packing of atoms. Unit cells and crystal systems. Methods of crystal structure analysis (powder and single crystal XRD) and Bragg’s diffraction law. 2. Solution Chemistry: Ideal and non-ideal solutions. Concentration units and their inter-conversion. Raoult’s law and its applications. Molecular interactions in solutions and ionic strength. Thermodynamic derivations of Colligative properties; lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure. Abnormal colligative properties; degree of association and dissociation of solutes. Osmotic pressure and its measurement. Fractional distillation and concept of azeotropic mixture. 3. Chemical Kinetics: Rate of reactions and Rate law. Derivations of zero, first, and second order reactions with same and different initial concentration of reactants, equations of half life periods. Integration, half life, initial rate, and graphical methods for the determination of reaction order and its rate constant. Different techniques for the

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measurements of order of reactions. Derivation of Arrhenius equation and measurements of its parameters. 4. Chemical Equilibrium: Dynamic equilibrium, Free enthalpy and chemical affinity. Equilibrium constant in different concentration units, Kc, Kp, Kn, and Kx and their relationships. Pressure and temperature dependence of equilibrium constant and degree of dissociation. 5. Chemical Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic functions: internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, free energy and feasibility of reactions. Heat capacity at constant pressure (Cp) and constant volume (Cv) and their relationship. Effect of temperature over enthalpy change and internal energy change. Relations between thermodynamic functions. Isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric and isochoric processes. Second and third law of thermodynamics. Practical: Physical Chemistry-I Cr. Hr. 1 Course Code: CHEM-3101P

1. Determination of viscosity and paraochor values of liquids. 2. Determination of percent composition of liquid solutions

viscometrically. 3. Determination of refractive index and molar refractivity. 4. Determination of percent composition of liquid solutions by refractive

index measurements. 5. Determination of molecular weight of a compound by elevation of

boiling point (ebullioscopic method). 6. Determination of molecular weight of a compound by lowering of

freezing point (cryoscopic method). 7. Determination of heat of solution by solubility method. 8. Determination of heat of neutralization of an acid with a base. 9. Determination of partition coefficient of a substance in two immiscible

liquids.

Books Recommended Theory: 1. Alberty, R. A., Robert J. S. and Moungi G. B. “Physical Chemistry”. 4th Edition,

John Wiley and Sons, 960 pp (2004). 2. Ball, D.W., “Physical Chemistry” 1st Ed., Brooks/Cole Co. Inc., pp. 880 (2003). 3. Engel, Thomas and .Reid P., “Thermodynamics, Statistical Thermodynamics,

and Kinetics” 1st Ed., Benjamin Cummings, 2006.

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4. James K. and Wothers, P., “Why Chemical Reactions Happen”. Oxford University Press, (2003).

5. Smith, E. Brian, “Basic Chemical Thermodynamics” 5th

Edition. Imperial College Press,. (2004).

6. Stephen B. R., Rice S. A., and Ross J., “Physical Chemistry” 2nd Ed., Oxford University Press, 1080 (2000).

7. Jurg, W., “Basic Chemical Thermodynamics” W. A. Benjamin (1969). 8. Chorkendorff, I. and Niemantsverdriet, J. W. “Concepts of Modern Catalysis

and Kinetics”1st Edition John Wiley and Sons (2003). 9. Espenson, J. H. “Chemical Kinetics and Reaction Mechanism” 2nd Edition

McGraw Hill (2002). 10. Berry, R. S., Stuart A. R., and John Ross “Physical and Chemical Kinetics”

2nd Ed., Oxford University Press (2000). 11. Warren, S. W., “The Physical Basis of Chemistry” 2nd Ed., Elsevier-

Academic Press (2000) 211 pp. 12. Griffiths, D. J., “Introduction to Quantum Mechanics” 2nd Ed., Prentice Hall

(2004). 13. Chandra, A.K., “Introductory Quantum Chemistry” Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi,

India (1969). 14. Mortimer, G. R., “Physical Chemistry” 2nd Ed., Academic Press (2000) 15. Rastogi R.P., Srivastava V. K., “An Introduction to Quantum Mechanics of

Chemical Systems”,, Mohan Primlani for Oxford and IBH Publishing Co, New Dehli India (1986).

Practical: 1. Halpern, Arthur M., “Experimental Physical Chemistry: A Laboratory

Textbook” 2nd Ed., Prentice Hall. pp 610 (1997) 2. Bassette J., Denney C., Jeffery G. H. and Mendham J. “‘Vogel’s Textbook of

Quantitative Inorganic Analysis Including Elementary Instrumental Analysis” English Language Book Society. 4th Edition (1978)

3. Daniel, F., “Experimental Physical Chemistry” Mc Graw Hill (1962). 4. Shoemaker, D., “Experimental Physical Chemistry” Mc Graw Hill (1989).

BS: 3rd

Year (Semester-V) Course Title: Inorganic Chemistry-I Cr. Hr. 3 Course Code: CHEM-3102

1. The Periodic Law and Periodicity Development of Periodic Table; Classification of elements based on s, p, d and f orbitals, group trends and periodic properties in s, p, d and f block elements, i.e., atomic radii, ionic radii, ionization potential, electron affinities, electronagetivities and redox potential.

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2. Principles of Chemical Bonding Types of chemical bonding; ionic bonding; the localized bond approach: VB theory, hybridization and resonance; the delocalized approach to bonding: molecular orbital theory as applied to diatomic and polyatomic molecules, three center bonds, bonding theory of metals and intermetallic compounds; conductors, insulators and semiconductors; bonding in electron deficient compounds; hydrogen bonding.

3. Acids and Bases

Concepts of acids and bases including SHAB concept, relative strength of acids and bases, significance of pH, pKa, pKb and buffer solutions. Theory of Indicators, solubility, solubility product, common ion effect and their industrial applications.

4. Chemistry of p-block Elements

Chemistry and structure of p-block elements; main emphasis on the chemistry and structure of noble gases and their compounds, chemistry and structure of interhalogens, pseudohalogens and polyhalides. Prediction of shapes of molecules using VSEPR model and hybridization.

Practical: Inorganic Chemistry-I Cr. Hr. 1 Course Code: CHEM-3102P 1. Preparation and Standardization of Molar solution of HCl, NaOH and KMnO4. 2. Qualitative Analysis

a) Determination of strength of NaOH & Na2CO3 in the given solution. b) Determination of strength of Na2CO3 & NaHCO3 in the given solution,

using HCl. c) Determination of composition of H2SO4 & Oxalic acid in the given

solution. d) Determination of purity of commercial Pot. Oxalate, using KMnO4.

e) Determination of strength of Mohr’s salt in the given solution, by K2Cr2O7 (using internal indicator method).

f) Determination of % age purity of commercial FeSO4, by K2Cr2O7 (using external indicator method).

g) Determination of strength of CuSO4 solution, Iodometrically, using Na2S2O3.

h) Determination of strength of K2Cr2O7 solution, Iodometrically. 3. Preparations of following Inorganic Compounds

a) FeSO4. b) Sod. Cobaltinitrite, Na3[Co(NO2)6].

c) Potash Alum, K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O. d) Prussian Blue.

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Recommended Books: 1. Huheey, J. E., Keiter, E. A. and Keiter, R. L., “Inorganic Chemistry:

Principles of Structure and Reactivity”, 4th Ed., Harper and Row, New York, 2001

2. Cotton, F. A., Wilkinson, G. and Gaus, P. L., “Basic Inorganic Chemistry”, 3rd Ed., Wiley, New York, 1995.

3. Clyde Day, M. & Selbin, J., “Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry”, 2nd Ed., Van Nustrand Reinhold, 1969.

4. Lee, J.D., “Concise Inorganic Chemistry”, Chapman and Hall, 5th Edition,1996.

5. Shriver, D. F., Atkins, P. W. and Langford, C. H., “Inorganic Chemistry”, Oxford University Press, 2nd Edition, 1994.

6. Bassette, J., Denney, G. H. and Mendham, J., “Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis Including Elementary Instrumental Analysis” English Language Book Society, 4th Edition, 1981.

7. Vogel, A. I., “A Textbook of Micro and Semi-micro Qualitative Inorganic Analysis” Longman Green & Co. 1995.

Practicals 1. Baig M. M. “Inorganic Chemical Analysis” Kifayat Academy (1974) 2. Bassette J., Denney C., Jeffery G. H. and Mendham J. “‘Vogel’s Textbook of


3. Harris W. E., Kratochvil B. “An Introduction to Chemical Analysis” Saunders College Publishing. Holt-Saunders International Edition (1981)

4. Vogel, A.I. “A Text Book of Micro and Semimicro Qualitative Inorganic Analysis” Longman Green & Co. (1995).

BS: 3rd Year (Semester-V)

Course Title: Organic Chemistry-III Cr. Hr. 2 Course Code: CHEM-3103 1. Conformational isomerism: Conformational analysis of monosubstituted cyclohexanes, disubstituted cyclohexanes and decalin systems. 2. Optical isomerism: Optical activity, chirality, symmetry elements and optical inactivity, relative and absolute configuration, R, S notation, methods of determining configuration, racemic mixtures and their resolution, asymmetric synthesis, optical activity in biphenyls, allenes and spiro compounds, stereospecific and stereoselective reactions. 3. Geometrical isomerism:

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cis- and trans- isomerism in cyclic systems, Z, E convention, Determination of configuration of geometrical isomers. Practical: Organic Chemistry-III Cr. Hr. 1 Course Code: CHEM-3103P 1. Synthesis of the following organic compounds.

i) Benzilic acid ii) p-Nitro aniline iii) Phenacetin iv) p-Bromoaniline. v) Benzil

2. Estimation of following groups. a) amino b) hydroxyl c) amido d) carbonyl e) carboxyl group

3. Determination of Saponification value and acid value in oil. Books Recommended (Latest available editions of the following books are recommended) 1. Finar,I.L; “Organic Chemistry”, Vol-II,Longman Group Limited, London. 2. Fleming,I; “Frontier Orbitals and Organic Chemical Reactions”, John Wiley &

Sons,New York. 3. March,J; “Advanced Organic Chemistry”,John Wiley & Sons,New York. 4. Morrison,R.T. and R.N.Boyd, “Organic Chemistry”,Allyn & Bacon Inc. 5. Pine,S.H; “Organic Chemistry”, McGraw Hill,Inc;New York. 6. Silverstein,R.M,G.C.Bassler and T.C.Morrill, “Spectrometric Identification of

Organic Compounds”,John Wiley & Sons,Inc.New York. 7. Solomon, T.W.G; “Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons,New York. 8. Steitwieser, A.C. Heathcockand E.M. Kosower, “Introduction to Organic

Chemistry” ,Maxwell Macmillan International,New York. 9. Carey. F.A, Sundberg. R.J, “Advanced Organic Chemistry (Part B: Reactions

and Synthesis)”, Plenum Press, New York, Third Edition (1990). 10. Fieser.L.F, Williamson.K.L, “Organic Experiments”, D.C.Heath and Company

(1975). 11. Vogel.A.I, “Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry Part III: Quantitative

Organic Analysis”, Longman Group Ltd (1958). 12. Mohan J., “Organic Analytical Chemistry” Theory and Practice, Narosa

Publishing House, New Delhi (2003).

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BS: 3rd Year (Semester-V) Course Title: Analytical Chemistry-II Cr. Hr. 3 Course Code: CHEM-3104 1. Separation Methods: Principle of solvent extraction; The distribution

coefficient, distribution ratio, The percentage extracted, solvent extraction of metals, analytical separations, multiple batch extraction, counter current distribution, solid-phase extraction, solvent extraction by flow injection method.

Introduction to chromatographic Methods; principles of chromatography, classification of chromatographic techniques, over view of paper, thin layer, column, ion exchange chromatography and electrophoresis.

2. Spectrophotometry: Fundamentals; Properties of light and its interaction with

matter, relation between frequency, velocity and wave number, Lambert- Beer’s law and its limitations. Single beam and double beam spectrophotometers, lamps and lasers as sources of light, monochromators, detectors; photomultiplier tube, photodiode array, charged coupled device. FT-IR spectroscopy; fourier analysis, interferometry, noise and its control.

BS: 3rd Year (Semester-V) Course Title: Analytical Chemistry-II (Practical) Cr. Hr. 1 Course Code: CHEM-3104P

1. Separation of phenol from given organic mixture using solvent extraction. 2. Separation of given mixture of cations using Paper Chromatography. 3. Analysis of the composition of a mixture of nitro anilines by TLC. 4. Separation of sugars using paper chromatography. 5. Separation of amino acids using paper/thin layer chromatography. 6. Deionization and softening of water using ion exchange chromatography. 7. Determination of λmax

of KMnO4

and K2Cr2O7

solutions and verification of

Beer-Lambert’s law. 8. Determination of stoichiometry of a metal complex by visible spectrometry. 9. Determination of aspirin and caffeine in a proprietary analgesic by double

beam UV-Vis. spectrometer. 10. Quantification of iron in a given sample by using single beam

spectrophotometer. 11. A study of characteristics infrared absorption frequencies.

Books Recommended: 1. Blackburn, Thomas, R., “Equilibrium- A Chemistry of Solutions”, Holt, Rinehart

and Winston, Inc., 1969.

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2. Christian, G.D., “Analytical Chemistry” 6th ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2003.

3. Harris D.C., “Quantitative Chemical Analysis” 4th

Ed., Freeman (1995). 5. Miller J.C., and Miller J.N., “Statistics for Analytical Chemists” 6. Skoog D.A., West D.D., and Holler F.J., “Fundamentals of Analytical

Chemistry” 6th


BS: 3rd Year (Semester-V)

Course Title: Environmental Chemistry Cr. Hr. 3 Course Code: CHEM-3105 Impact of modern life-style on environmental quality; resource depletion; poverty and environment degradation; environmental education. Nature and composition of atmosphere. Major sources of pollutants including industry and vehicular emissions. Introduction to air-pollution and water-pollution. Basic of green house effect and global warming and their impacts. Role of chemistry in abatement of environmental pollution. Recommended Books 1. A. Kumar, Environmental Chemistry, Wiley Eastern, New Delhi. 2. Baird, C. Environmental Chemistry, Freeman, New York. 3. J. W. Moore & E.M. Moore, Environmental Chemistry, Academic Press,

New York. 4. Neil, P.O. Environmental Chemistry, Chapmann, London. 5. Pakistan Environmental Pollution Act 1997. 6. S. K. Banerji, Environmental Chemistry, Prentice Hall, Delhi. 7. S. K. Banerji, Environmental Chemistry, Tata Publisher, Delhi. 8. Staneley E. Manahan, Environmental Chemistry, Brooks, California.

BS: 3rd Year (Semester-VI)

Course Title: Physical Chemistry-II Cr. Hr. 3 Course Code: CHEM-3201 1. Electrochemistry: Spontaneous reactions and electrode potential, electrochemical cell, types of concentration cells, electrolysis with different examples of electrolytes, liquid junction potential electron transfer reactions, rate of charge transfer reaction and Butler-Volmer equation. Latimer Diagram, Frost Diagram, cell Potential and thermodynamics, and Nernst Equation. Voltammetry, fuel cells. Corrosion and its prevention. Fuel cell and hydrogen economy.

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2. Conductometry: Ions in solution. Measurement of conductance and Kohlrausch’s law. Mobility of ions and transport number. Conductometric titrations. Debye-Hückel theory and activity coefficient. Determination of activities. Application of conductance measurement. 3. Quantum Chemistry and Spectroscopy: Schrodinger wave equation and its solution for particle in 1-dimensional and 3-dimensional boxes. Quantum numbers. Normalization and orthogonality. Simple harmonic oscillator. Rigid rotor, Solution of Hydrogen molecule and its ion. Rotational, vibrational and rotational-vibrational spectra of diatomic and polyatomic molecules. Tunnel effect. 4. Group Theory: Symmetry operations. properties of groups, matrices, transformation of matrices, character tables. Practical: Physical Chemistry-II Cr. Hr. 1 Course Code: CHEM-3201P 1. Determination of molecular weight of a polymer by viscosity method 2. Determination of specific and molar conductivities of strong and weak

electrolytes 3. Precipitation value of electrolytes 4. Measurement of IR spectra of simple compound and their interpretation 5. Measurement of cyclic voltammogram of an organic compound and its

interpretation 6. Determination of dipole moment of an organic liquid 7. Determination of percentage composition of KMnO

4 / K

2Cr

2O

7 in a given

solution by spectrophotometry. 8. Stoichiometry of a complex in solution by Job’s method 9. Evaluation of pK

a value of an indicator by spectrometric method

Recommended Books Theory 1. Cotton, F. Albert “Chemical Applications of Groups Theory”, Interscience

Publishers (1963). 2. G. W. King, “Spectroscopy and Molecular Structure”, Rinehart and Winston

(1964) 3. Ernest, H. and Lyons, Jr., “Introduction to Electrochemistry” D. C. Heath and

Company (1967). 4. J. Albery, “Electrode Kinetics”, Clarendon, Oxford, 1975 5. Bockris J. OM. and Reddy A.K.N.,,” Modern Electrochemistry” Vol. I and 2,

Plenum Press, New York, (1970).

18

6. Micheal, D. F., “Elements of Quantum Mechanics” Oxford University Press (2005).

7. Lowell, Hall H., “Group Theory and Symmetry in Chemistry” McGraw Hill Book Company (1969).

8. Whiffen, D. H. “Spectroscopy” Longmans Green and Co.: London, (1966). 9. Bockris,J., “ Modern Electrochemistry”, Rosseta Publishing Co., Vol: 1,2

(1970). 10. Barrow, G., “ Molcular Spectroscopy” McGraw Hill (1962) Practical: 1. Bassette J., Denney C., Jeffery G. H. and Mendham J. “‘Vogel’s Textbook of


2. Hatch R. C. “Experimental Chemistry” Van Nostrand Reinhold Company (1972) .

3. Halpern, Arthur M., “Experimental Physical Chemistry: A Laboratory Textbook” 2nd Ed., Prentice Hall. pp 610 (1997)

4. Daniel, F., “Experimental Physical Chemistry” Mc Graw Hill (1962). 5. Shoemaker, D., “Experimental Physical Chemistry” Mc Graw Hill (1989).

BS: 3rd

Year (Semester-VI) Course Title: Inorganic Chemistry-II Cr. Hr. 3 Course Code: CHEM-3202

1. Chemistry of Coordination Compounds Historical back ground of coordination compounds, geometry of complexes having coordination number 2 to 9, nomenclature, theories of coordination compounds; Werner's theory, valence bond theory, crystal field and; molecular orbital theory; Jahn-Teller theorem; magnetic properties; spectrochemical series, isomerism and stereochemistry, stability constants, techniques for studying complexes, applications of coordination compounds.

2. Non Aqueous Solvents

Classification of solvents, types of reactions in solvents, effect of physical and chemical properties of solvent, detailed study of liq. NH3, liq. H2SO4, liq HF, and liq. SO2, BrF3 and reaction in molten salts system.

Practical: Inorganic Chemistry-II Cr. Hr. 1 Course Code: CHEM-3202P

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1. Precipitation Titrations. a) Determination of strength of NaCl given solution by AgNO3 using Fluoresceine as indicator. b) Determination of % age purity of KBr using Fluoresceine as indicator. c) Determination of % composition of mixture of KI & KNO3 using Eosceine as indicator.

2. Complexometric Titrations a) Determination of strength of MgSO4 solution using Eriochrome Black-T as Indicator. b) Determination of % age purity of ZnSO4 solution using Eriochrome Black-T as Indicator. c) Determination of Total Hardness of water sample.

3. Chromatographic Separations

a) Separation of Ni2+ & Co2+ ions in a mixture by paper chromatography. b) Separation of Ni2+ & Cu2+ ions in a mixture by paper chromatography.

c) Separation of Cu2+ & Cd2+ ions in a mixture by paper chromatography. 4. Preparations of following Inorganic Complexes

a) Tetra ammine Cu (II) Sulphate. b) Pot. Trioxalato Chromate (III).

c) Pot. Trioxalato Aluminate (III). d) Cis- dioxalato diaqua Chromate (III).

Recommended Books Theory:

1. Huheey, J. E., Keiter, E. A. and Keiter, R. L., “Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity”, 4th Ed., Harper and Row, New York, 2001

2. Cotton, F. A., Wilkinson, G. and Gaus, P. L., “Basic Inorganic Chemistry”, 3rd Ed., Wiley, New York, 1995.

3. Atkins, P. and Jones, L., “Chemicals Principles” Freeman & Company, 2002.

4. F. A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson, C. A. Murillo and M. Bochmann, “Advanced Inorganic Chemistry”, 6th Ed., Wiley-Intersceince, New York, 1999.

5. A. K. Holliday, and A. G. Massey, "Inorganic Chemistry in Non-Aqueous Solvents", Pergamon Press, New York, 1990.

6. Larsen, E. M., “Transition Elements”, W. A. Benjamin Inc., 1995 7. Bassette, J., Denney, G. H. and Mendham, J., “Vogel’s Textbook of

Quantitative Inorganic Analysis Including Elementary Instrumental Analysis” English Language Book Society, 4th Edition, 1981.

20


Practicals: 1. Bassette J., Denney C., Jeffery G. H. and Mendham J. “‘Vogel’s Textbook of


2. Fritz J. S., Schenk G. H. “Quantitative Analytical Chemistry” Allyn and Bacon, Inc. 4th Edition (1979).

3. Marr G., Rockett B. W. “Practical Inorganic Chemistry”. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. (1972)

4. Pass G. and Sutcliffe H. “Practical Inorganic Chemistry: Preparations,

Reactions and Instrumental Methods” Chapman and Hall. 2nd

Edition (1974).

BS: 3rd

Year (Semester-VI) Course Title: Organic Chemistry-IV Cr. Hr. 2 Course Code: CHEM-3203 1. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Aromaticity i.e. description of aromatic, anti-aromatic and non aromatic systems on the basis of Hückel rules; mechanisms of electrophilic aromatic substitutions; orientation and reactivity; electrophilic substitution reactions, i.e. nitration, halogenation, sulfonation, Friedel-Crafts reactions, diazo-coupling, formylation and carboxylation. 2. Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution: Mechanisms: Study of SNAr mechanism, SN1 mechanism, Benzyne Mechanism, SRN1 Mechanism, SN (ANRORC) Mechanism, Vicarious nucleophilic substitution. The effects of substrate structure, leaving group and the attacking nucleophile on the rates of substitution reactions. 3. Multistep Synthesis: Designing of multistep synthesis of following molecules: benzyl mercaptan from benzene, phenylacetic acid from benzene, p-chlorobenzyl alcohol from benzene, p-chloro styrene from benzene, stilbene from toluene, m-bromoaniline from benzene, p-toluidine from benzene, p-bromobenzoic acid from p-bromoaniline, 1,3,5-tribromobenzene from benzene, p-cresol from benzene, cinnamic acid from benzene, benzamide from aniline, o-bromobenzoic acid from p-nitrotoluene,1,4-naphthoquinone from naphthalene, anthranilic acid from naphthalene. Practical: Organic Chemistry-IV Cr. Hr. 1

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Course Code: CHEM-3203P Mixture Analysis:

Separation and identification of the two component mixture by various physical and chemical methods.

i) Benzoic acid + Naphthalene ii) Cinnamic acid + Anthracene iii) -Naphthol + Phenanthrene iv) Succinic acid + Biphenyl v) -Naphthol + Naphthalene vi) Resorcinol + Acenaphthene vii) Urea + Cinnamic acid viii) Salicylic acid + Thiourea

Books Recommended (Latest available editions of the following books are recommended) 1. March,J; “Advanced Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York. 2. Morrison,R.T. and R.N.Boyd, “Organic Chemistry”, Allyn & Bacon Inc. 3. Silverstein,R.M,G.C.Bassler and T.C.Morrill, “Spectrometric Identification of

Organic Compounds” ,John Wiley & Sons,Inc. New York. 4. Solomon, T.W.G; “Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York. 5. Fieser.L.F, Williamson.K.L, “Organic Experiments”, D.C.Heath and Company

(1975). 6. Vogel.A.I, “Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry Part III: Quantitative

Organic Analysis”, Longman Group Ltd (1958). 7. Mohan J., “Organic Analytical Chemistry” Theory and Practice, Narosa

Publishing House, New Delhi (2003).

BS: 3rd

Year (Semester-VI) Course Title: General Applied Chemistry Cr. Hr. 2 Course Code: CHEM-3204 1. Unit operations 2. Water treatment 3. Oil, Soap and Detergents 4. Paper Industry 5. Sugar Industry 6. Fertilizers

22


Course Title: General Applied Chemistry Practical Cr. Hr. 1 Course Code: CHEM-3204P 1. Determination of iodine value of the given oil. 2. Determination of acid value of the given oil. 3. To find out the percentage purity of fatty acid. 4. Preparation of gum sample. 5. Preparation of liquid detergent or liquid soap. Recommended Books 1. Roger’s Industrial Chemistry. Von Norstand Co. N. Y. 2. Reigel’s Handbook of industrial chemistry. Von Norstand Reeinhold Co. N. Y. 3. Chemical Process Industries by Shreve and Dum. McGraw Hill. 4. An introduction to industrial organic chemistry by Wiseman. App. Sci. Publ.


Course Title: Polymer Chemistry Cr. Hr. 3 Course Code: CHEM-3205 1. Introduction Introduction and classification of polymers. Polymer additives. Conducting Polymers. 2. Synthesis Synthesis of step growth polymerization, chain growth polymerization; free radical & co-polymerization, ionic-polymerization & co-polymerization, co-ordination polymerization. 3. Polymerization Techniques Bulk, solution, suspension and emulsion polymerization. 4. Manufacturing & Applications Manufacturing of polyester, polyamides or Nylon, formation of phenol formaldehyde, polyethylene and polyvinyl resins, rubber, Teflon & PVC. 5. Characterization Thermodynamics of solutions, measurement of molecular weight, analysis techniques of polymers. Spectroscopic and thermal. 6. Degradation Stability and Environmental issues.

23

RECOMMENDED BOOKS: 1. Billmeyer Jr. F. W., “Text Book of Polymer Science” 2nd edition. 2. Cowie, “Physics and Chemistry of Polymers”. 3. Buttler & Cowie, “A Manual of Applied Chemistry for Engineers”. 4. Reachar and Mouson, “Advanced Organic Chemistry” Academic Press New

York. 5. Allinger, Johnson, “Organic Chemistry” Worth Publisher, New York. 6. Horne, P.A., “The Chemistry of our Environment”.

BS 4th Year In the fourth year the student would take two compulsory courses “Organic spectroscopy” in semester VII and “Separation Techniques” in semester VIII along with two specialized courses in each semester in one of the following fields: Physical / Organic/ Inorganic/ Analytical/ Biochemistry/ Applied Chemistry.

BS: 4th Year (Semester-VII)

Course Title: Organic Spectroscopy (Compulsory) Cr. Hr. 3 Course Code: CHEM-4101 1. Introduction Electromagnetic radiations. Wavelength, Frequency, Wave number and energy of electromagnetic radiations and their interconversion. Electromagnetic spectrum. Interaction transitions and spectral regions. Relaxation of the excited molecules. 2. Ultraviolet/Visible Spectroscopy Introduction. Electronic transitions and absorption of electromagnetic radiations. Intensities of absorption. Beer-Lambert Law and its applications. Instrumentation and sample handling. The chromophore. Absorption by conjugated systems. Woodward Fieser rules for conjugated dienes and AB unsaturated Carbonyl systems. Absorption by aromatic compounds. Application of UV/Vis spectroscopy. 3. Infrared Spectroscopy Introduction. Vibrational modes and absorption frequencies. Hookes Law. Instrumentation and sample handling. Interpretation of Infrared spectra. Characteristic absorptions Frequencies of some common functional groups. Applications of Infrared spectroscopy.

24

4. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Basic theory. Spin flipping. Nuclear Precession and absorption of electromagnetic radiation. Spin relaxation. Instrumentation and Sample handling. The Chemical shift and integration curve. Molecular structure and chemical shifts. Spin-Spin splitting and coupling constants. Interpretation of NMR spectra. 5. Mass Spectrometry Introduction. Basic Principle. Instrumentation (Theory and operation). The mass spectrum, Modes of Fragmentation of various organic molecules. Applications of mass spectrometry determination of molecular weight, molecular formula and molecular structure. Interpretation of mass spectra. NOTE: Emphasis should be on identification of organic Compounds using

these techniques. Practical: Organic Spectroscopy (Compulsory) Cr. Hr. 1 Course Code: CHEM-4101P 1. Spectrophotometeric Analysis Assay of following commercial drugs using spectrophotometer: Drug: Possible source: i). Ofloxacin (Oflobid tablets, 200 mg, 400 mg) ii). Pantoprazole sodium (Zopent tablets, 20 mg, 40 mg) iii). Cetirizine dihydrochloride (Ronex tablets, 10 mg) iv). Levocetirizine dihydrochloride (Leozin tablets, 5 mg) v). Ciprofloxacin.HCl (Hiflox tablets, 750 mg) vi). Esomeprazole magnesium (Esorid capsules, 20 mg) vii). Enrofloxacin (Avifloxacin OS liquid) 2. Interpretation of spectra Sample handling and interpretation of UV, IR, 1H-NMR and GC-MS spectra for the structure elucidation of organic molecules.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS: 1. Pavia.D.L, Lampman.G.M, Kriz.G.S, “Introduction to Spectroscopy: A Guide

for Students of Organic Chemistry”, Saunders College Publishing, Second edition (1996).

2. Atta-ur-Rehman, “Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: Basic principles”, Springer-Verlag New York Inc. (1986).

3. Atta-ur-Rehman and Choudhary.M.I., “Solving Problems with NMR Spectroscopy”, Academic Press. Inc. (1996).

4. Bender.G.T, “Principles of Chemical Instrumentation”, W.B.Saunders Company (1987).

25

5. Akitt.J.W, “NMR and Chemistry an Introduction to the Fourier transform multinuclear era”, J.W.Arrowsmith Ltd, Bristol, Second Edition (1983).

6. Macomber.R.S, “NMR Spectroscopy Basic Principles and Applications”, Books for Professionals, Inc (1988).

7. Kemp.W, “NMR in Chemistry A multinuclear Introduction”, The Macmillan Press Ltd. (1986).

8. Silverstein.R.M, Bassler.G.C, Morrill.T.C, “Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds”, John Wiley & Sons; Inc; Fourth Edition (1981).

9. Kemp.W, “Organic Spectroscopy”, Macmillan Education Ltd; Third Edition (1991).

10. Budzikiewicz.H, Djerass.C, Williams.D.H, “Mass Spectrometry of Organic Compounds”, Holden-Day, Inc (1967).

11. Whittaker.D, “Interpreting Organic Spectra”, The Royal Society of Chemistry (2000).

12. Creswell.C.J/Runquist.O.A,Campbell.M.M, “Spectral Analysis of Organic Compounds”, Burgess Publishing Company, Second Edition (1972).

13. Stowell.J.C, “Intermediate Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc; Second Edition (1994).

14. Mohan.J., “Organic Analytical Chemistry” Theory and Practice, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi (2003).

15. Younas M., “Organic Spectroscopy and Chromatography” Second Edition, Ilmi Kitab Khana, Kabir Street, Urdu Bazar, Lahore (2007).

BS: 4th

Year (Semester-VIII) Course Title: Separation Techniques (Compulsory) Cr. Hr. 3 Course Code: CHEM-4201 General principles and classifications of chromatographic techniques, the chromatographic processes, rate theory of chromatography, van-Deemter equation and its significance in evaluating column efficiency. Gas Chromatography: General principle, separation process, sample preparation, sample injection, detectors and method development. HPLC: General principle, separation process, sample preparation, sample injection, detectors and method development for normal phase and reverse phase separation, isocratic and gradient elution. Capillary electrophoresis: Theory and principle of CE, Mobility, electro-osmotic floe separation by CE, instrumentation. Sample injection and detection, modes of operation, applications.

26

BS: 4th Year (Semester-VIII)

Course Title: Separation Techniques (Practical) Cr. Hr. 1 Course Code: CHEM-4201P

1. Quantitative analysis of Amoxicillin trihydrate in Augmentin tablets by HPLC.

2. Quantitative analysis of Cephradine in Velocef tablets by HPLC. 3. The gas chromatographic separations of alkanes. 4. The characterization of peppermint oils by gas chromatography and the

identification of oils used in consumer products. 5. GC analysis of alcohol content in beverages. 6. HPLC analysis of sugar content in foods and beverages. 7. Determination of caffeine and coffee in cola drinks by internal standard

addition by HPLC. Recommended Books: 1. Harold Gomes Cassidy ““Fundamentals of Chromatography” New York,

Interscience Publishers, 1957. 2. B.B. Kebbekus, S. Mitra “Environmental Chemical Analysis”, Blackie

Academic & Professional, New York, NY, 1998. 3. R.P.W. Scott, Techniques and Practices of Chromatography, Marcel Dekker,

1995. 4. Schomburg, Gerhard “Gas Chromatography-A Practical Course” VCH(1990). 5. Snyder and J. J. Kirkland,” Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography”,

Wiley, New York, 2nd ed., 1979. 6. Stock and Rice, Chromatographic methods, Chapman and Hall, 1967

SPECIALIZATION IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY


Course Title: Paper-I (Electro-analytical Techniques) Cr. Hr. 3 Course Code: CHEM-4102 1. Potentiometry; Electrode potential, Nernst equation and its use for measuring half cell potential. Different kinds of electrodes including glass and calomel electrodes. Working of potentiometer and its applications including pH measurements. Ion selective electrode systems. Ion exchange membrane electrode, solid state membrane electrodes, and bio-membrane electrodes. Potentiometric titrations. 2. Coulometry and Electrogravimetry; Basic electrochemistry, principle, instrumentation of coulometry. Principle, instrumentation electrogravimetry.

27

Consequences of electrogravimetry, Ohmic drop, activation over potential, concentration and gas polarization, basic difference and merits/demerits of coulometry and electrogravimetry. 3. Voltammetry and Polarography; Basic principle, voltammogram, polarizable and non-polarizable electrodes, solid electrodes, their scope and limitations, cyclic voltammetry, anodic stripping voltammetry. voltammetric equation. Basic concept of polarography and interpretation of various polarographic curves, measurement of decomposition potential, diffusion and limiting currents, derivation of Ilkovic equation, logarithmic analysis of polarographic wave, advantages and limitation of dropping mercury electrode.


Course Title: Paper-II (Atomic Spectrometry) Cr. Hr. 3 Course Code: CHEM-4103 1. Flame Photometry: Origin and classification of atomic spectroscopic methods; origin of atomic spectrum, position of the signal, intensity of the signal, spectral line width, principle of flame photometry; fate of the sample in the flame, flame and its characteristics; instrumentation for flame photometry. Merits and limitations. 2. Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry: Origin of atomic fluorescence; atomic fluorescence spectrum, types of atomic fluorescence, transitions. Principle of atomic fluorescence spectrometry; fluorescence intensity and analyte concentration. Instrumentation for atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Applications of atomic fluorescence spectrometry; interferences, merits and limitations. 3. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry: Principle of atomic absorption spectrophotometry; concentration dependence of absorption, quantitative methodology, instrumentation for atomic absorption spectrophotometry; radiation sources, atomizers; flames, graphite furnaces and electrochemical atomisers, monochromators, detectors, handling background absorption. Interferences in atomic absorption spectrophotometry, sample handling in atomic absorption spectrophotometry, preparation of the sample, use of organic solvents, microwave, digestion, sample introduction methods, applications of atomic absorption spectrophotometry. 4. Atomic Emission Spectrophotometry: Introduction, principle of atomic emission spectrometry; atomic emission spectrometry using plasma sources, plasma and its characteristics; inductively coupled plasma, direct current plasma, microwave induced plasma, choice of argon as plasma gas, instrumentation for ICP-MS.

28


Course Title: Analytical Chemistry Paper-III (Thermal Methods of Analysis Cr. Hr. 3 Course Code: CHEM-4104

1. Thermogravimetric Methods of Analysis (TGA): Introduction, instrumentation, sources of error in TGA, interpretation of TG curve, Factors affecting TG curve, applications of thermogravimetric analysis.

2. Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA): Principle, characteristics of DTA curves, instrumentation, factors affecting DTA curves, sources of errors, interpretation of DTA curve, applications.

3. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC): Principle, instrumentation, factors

affecting DSC curves, sources of errors, interpretation of DSC curve, applications, advantages of DSC, thermometric titrations; principle, instrumentation and applications.

Course Title: Analytical Chemistry Practical-I Course Code: CHEM-4105P Cr. Hr. 1 1. Estimation of Na K and Ca using flame photometery. 2. Quantification of iron in soil by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. 3. Percentage determination of Ni in steel sample using atomic absorption

spectrophotometer. 4. Separation of hydrocarbons using GC/HPLC. 5. To determine pKa Values for the given samples of weak acids by potentiometric

method. 6. Quantitative determination of sodium hydroxide by Potentiometric titration. 7. Preparation of buffer solutions of definite pH. 9. Electrogravimetric determination of copper in given samples. 10. Study of thermal decomposition of copper sulfate pentahydrate and calcium oxalate

monohydrate


Course Title: Paper-IV (Luminescence, ESR and LASER Spectroscopic

Techniques) Cr. Hr. 3 Course Code: CHEM-4202

29

1. Luminescence Spectrophotometry: Introduction, origin of fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra; Jablonski diagram, activation, deactivation, fluorescence spectrum, fluorescent and phosphorescent species; photoluminescence and structure, factors affecting fluorescence and phosphorescence, fluorescence quenching; quantum yield, instrumentation for fluorescence measurement; sources, wavelength selectors, sampling, detectors, read out devices, instrumentation for phosphorescence measurement; sampling, recording procedure, applications of fluorescence and phosphorescence.

2. ESR and Mössbauer spectroscopy: Angular momentum, spin properties

and magnetic resonance, EPR spectra of the hydrogen atoms, EPR spectra of paramagnetic organic species (free radicals, biradicals and triplet states), principles and applications of Mössbauer spectroscopy.

3. Laser spectroscopy: Laser- induced breakdown spectroscopy, LIBS system

for modern science, material characterization and their analysis.


Course Title: Paper-V (Radio analytical Techniques) Cr. Hr. 3 Course Code: CHEM-4203 Fundamentals of radioactivity, radiotracer techniques; choice of radiotracers, factors affecting choice of radiotracers, isotope dilution analysis (IDA); principle and equation, instrumentation, applications, advantages and limitations, sub stoichiometric isotope dilution analysis (SIDA), activation analysis (AA); principle of NAA, neutron sources, interferences, sensitivity and detection limits, classification, instrumentation, applications, advantages and limitations, comparison of NAA and IDA with other methods, radiometric titrations (RT); procedure, advantages and limitations, radio chromatography and radioimmunoassay.


Course Title: Paper-VI (Applied Analytical Chemistry) Cr. Hr. 3 Course Code: CHEM-4204 1. Analysis of food products

30

Introduction to food analysis, sampling of food, general methods of analysis. Analysis of milk, butter, wheat flour, meat, beverages, tea, coca, honey and soft drinks.

2. Pharmaceutical Analysis

Classification of drugs, clinical tests for analysis of different pharmaceuticals, introduction to US and British pharmacopeia.

3. Forensic Analysis:

Classification and analysis of narcotics & dangerous drugs, examination of crime scene evidences, fingerprint, skeletal material to provide scientific opinion for legal.

Course Title: Analytical Chemistry Practical-II Course Code: CHEM-4205P Cr. Hr. 1 1. Determination of fat content in milk 2. Quantification of Proteins 3. Determination of cholesterol in food 4. Quantification of reducing sugars and total sugars 5. Water analysis for drinking purpose 6. Determination of caffeine 7. Determination of heavy metals in food items 8. Determination of citric acid in juices 9. Determination of ascorbic acid in fruit juices 10. Evaluation of Rancidity of edible oil [Acid value] 11. Evaluation of Iodine value of edible oils 12. Evaluation of Ester value of edible oils 13. Determination of Aflatoxin in grains. 14. Extraction of DNA from Saliva, Cheek cells and blood. 15. Detection of Saliva by α-amylase activity. 16. Finger print analysis by AgNO3, iodine vapour method. 17. Spot test/TLC of arsons and explosive (i.e. picric acid, nitrobenzenes and nitro-

toluene) 18. Calibration and validation of HPLC system as per requirements of British or US

pharmacopoeia. 19. Analysis of the binary mixture of pharmaceutical dosage by HPLC and statistical

evaluation of data (RSD, CV, precision, accuracy, LOD, LOQ, resolution, Tailing factor).

31

Recommended Books: 1. A. Pople, W. G. Schneider and H. J. Berstein, "High Resolution Nuclear

Magnetic Resonance," McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1959. (AD/591/P6)

2. A.J. Bard and L.R. Faulkner,” Electrochemical Methods, Fundamentals and Applications”, 2nd. Ed., Wiley, N.Y., 2001.

3. Alkemade, C.Th.J., Herrmann, R., Fundamentals of Analytical Flame Spectroscopy, Hilger, Bristol, UK.

4. Ault and G. Dudek, "An Introduction to Proton NMR Spectroscopy," Holden Day, San Francisco, 1976.

5. B.B. Kebbekus, S. Mitra “Environmental Chemical Analysis”, Blackie Academic & Professional, New York, NY, 1998.

6. Banwell, C. N. “Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy” 2nd ed.; McGraw-Hill Book Company (U.K.): Maidenhead, U.K., 1972

7. Bernhard Welz “Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy” 2nd

Ed (1985). 8. Bertin, EP. “Principles and Pracyti of X-ray Spectrometric Analysis”, Plenum

Press (1975). 9. BH Vassos and GW Ewing, “Electroanalytical Chemistry”, Wiley, New York

1983 10. D. H. Williams and I. Fleming, "Spectroscopic Methods in Organic

Chemistry," 4th ed., 1988. 11. D. L. Pavia, G. M. Lampman, G. S. Kriz, Jr., "Introduction to Spectroscopy,"

W. B. Saunders, 1979. 12. D. W. Mathieson, "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for Organic Chemistry,"

Academic Press, London, 1967. L. M. Jackman and S. Sternhell, "Applications of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Organic Chemistry," Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1969.

13. D.T. Sawyer, J. L. Roberts, Jr., “Experimental Electrochemistry for Chemists” J. Wiley, New York, 1974.

14. Dahmen EAMF “Electroanalysis” Elsevier, Amsterdam 1986 15. Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Timothy A. Nieman “Principles of

Instrumental Analysis”, 5th Edition, , Saunders College Publishing, New York, 1997.

16. E. A. V. Ebsworth, D. W. H. Rankin, S. Cradock, "Structural Methods in Inorganic Chemistry," Blackwell, 1987.

17. Ebdon, E.H. Evans (ed.), A. Fisher and S.J. Hill "An Introduction to Analytical Atomic Spectrometry" Wiley, Chichester, 1998.

18. Edmond De Hoffmann, Vincent Stroobant (Editors) “Mass Spectrometry: Principles and Applications” John Wiley & Sons; 2nd edition 2001.

19. G.D. Christian and J.E. O'Reilley, Allyn and Bacon, “Instrumental Analysis,”

2nd edition, Boston 1986. 20. G.W. Ewing “Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis, 5th edition,

McGraw-Hill, New York 1985. 21. G.W.C. Milner, G. Phillip, “ Coulometry in Analytical Chemistry” Pergamon

Press, 1967.

32

22. R.P.W. Scott, Techniques and Practices of Chromatography, Marcel Dekker, 1995.

23. H. A. Liebhafsky, H. G. Pfeiffer, E. H. Winslow, and P. D. Zemany, "X-Rays, Electrons, and Analytical Chemistry -- Spectrochemical Analysis with X-Rays", Wiley-Interscience, N. Y., (1972)

24. H. Budzikiewitz, C. Djerassi, and D. H. Williams, "Mass Spectrometry of Organic Compounds," Holden-Day. J. R. Chapman, "Practical Organic Mass Spectrometry," Wiley, 1985

25. H. Gunther, "NMR Spectroscopy - An Introduction," John Wiley, 1980. 26. H. H. Jaffé and M. Orchin, "Theory and Applications of Ultraviolet

Spectroscopy," Wiley, 1962 27. H. Strobel and W. Heineman, “Chemical Instrumentation: A Systematic

Approach”, 3rd edition, Wiley, New York 1989. 28. H. Willard, L. Merritt, J. Dean, and F. Settle, “Instrumental Methods of

Analysis”, 7th edition van Nostrand Co., New York 1992. 29. Harold Gomes Cassidy ““Fundamentals of Chromatography” New York,

Interscience Publishers, 1957. 30. J. Akitt, "NMR and Chemistry; An Introduction to Nuclear Magnetic

Resonance Spectroscopy," Chapman and Hall, London, 1973. 31. J. Heyrovsky and J. Kuta, “Principles of Polarography”, Academic Press,

1966. 32. J. R. Dyer, "Applications of Absorption Spectroscopy to Organic

Compounds," Prentice-Hall, 1965. 33. J.D. Ingle and S.R. Crouch “Spectrochemical Methods of Analysis” Prentice-

Hall, New Jersey 1988 34. J.P.Glusker and K.N.Trueblood , “Crystal Structure Analysis: a primer” , 2nd

Ed, Oxford University Press, New York, 1985. 35. L. Ebdon, E.H. Evans (ed.), A. Fisher and S.J. Hill "An Introduction to

Analytical Atomic Spectrometry" Wiley, Chichester, 1998. 36. L.H.J. Lajunen "Spectrochemical Analysis by Atomic Absorption and

Emission" Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1992. 37. Lingane,J.J “Electroanalytical Chemistry”, 2 Ed., Interscience, 1970. 38. McLafferty, F. W. "Interpretation of Mass Spectra," 1980. 39. Melvin and Kelvin “Electrophoresis” Analytical Chemistry by Open Learning,

Published by John Wiley and Sons. 40. N. Levine, “Molecular Spectroscopy”, Wiley (1975). 41. R.M. Silverstein, G.C. Bassler and T.C. Morrill "Spectrometric Identification of

Organic Compounds,", John Wiley & Sons, New York, 5th Ed. 1991. 42. Reiger, P.H. “Electrochemistry”, Prentice Hall N.J, 1987 43. Schomburg, Gerhard “Gas Chromatography-A Practical Course” VCH(1990). 44. Snyder and J. J. Kirkland,” Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography”,

Wiley, New York, 2nd ed., 1979. 45. Stock and Rice, Chromatographic methods, Chapman and Hall, 1967 46. Thomspon K.C. Reynold R.J. “Atomic Absorption, Fluorescence and Flame

Emission Spectroscopy” 2nd

Ed. John Wiley and Sons (1978). 47. Wendlandt, Wesley Wm, “Thermal Analysis” Third Edition, Wiley (1986).

33

SPECIALIZATION IN APPLIED CHEMISTRY


Course Title: Applied Chemistry paper-A, (paper-I) Course Code: CHEM-4106 Cr. Hr. 3 1. Common Industrial Unit Operations Elementary treatment of general unit operations commonly used in industries such as size reduction, screening, enrichment, filteration, distillation and crystallization Chemical unit processes like nitration , halogenation, sulfonation, oxidation and hydrolysis with appropriate technical examples. 2. Basic Chemical Industries Raw materials, chemical processes involved: flow sheet diagrams with all the important parameters concerning the manufacture of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, caustic soda, washing soda, phthalic anhydride.


Course Title: Applied Chemistry paper-B, (paper-II) Course Code: CHEM-4107 Cr. Hr. 3 1. Cement Industry Raw materials used for cement manufacturing used, dry process, wet process, chemistry involved in hydration of cement, setting of cement, setting time. 2. Glass Industry Raw materials used for glass, methods of manufacturing, method of manufacturing glass. Special types of glass and their properties.


Course Title: Applied Chemistry paper-C, (paper-III) Course Code: CHEM-4108 Cr. Hr. 3 1. Soap Industry Processes involved in soap manufacturing, methods used for manufacturing laundry detergents. Recovery of glycerin. Detergent or surface active agents, cationic anionic and non-ionic agents. 2. Water Softening and Scale Removing Water hardness, its measurement and removal, methods used for water softening including ion-exchange, distillation and precipitation.

34

3. Paper and Pulp Raw materials. Preparation of paper by acid sulfide and krafts process. Different types of papers and uses. Course Title: Applied Chemistry Practical-I Course Code: CHEM-4109P Cr. Hr. 1 1. Water hardness by complexometry. 2. Determination of magnesium and aluminum by EDTA titration. 3. Analysis of caustic soda and soda ash in mixtures. 4. Analysis of Lithium in industrial effluents, barium in ores, potassium by in soil

samples. 5. Spectrophotometry: Iron in pharmaceuticals, chromium in steel, phosphate in

fertilizers. 6. Preparations: Calcium gluconate, detergents, cosmetics and vanishing

creams. 7. Preparation and Testing of: Varnish and Enamel Paints. Adhesives. Emulsion

Paints. 8. Analysis of Steel and Industrial Alloys. 9. Purification and analysis of waste lubricating oils.

BS: 4th

Year (Semester-VIII) Course Title: Applied Chemistry paper-D, (paper-IV) Course Code: CHEM-4206 Cr. Hr. 3 1. Synthetic Fibers Introduction and classification. Preparation properties and application of Nylon, Dacron, Polyesters, Rayon and Cuprammonium Rayon. 2. Dyes and Pigments Introduction and application methods of Acid Dyes, Basic dyes, Vat Dyes, Ractive Dyes, Azodyes, Pigment Dyes. 3. Adhesives Introduction, Preparation and applications of Amino plasts. Polyesters, cellulosic, sillicones, Polyurethanes.

BS: 4th

Year (Semester-VIII) Course Title: Applied Chemistry paper-E, (paper-V) Course Code: CHEM-4207 Cr. Hr. 3

35

1. Quality Control in Industries Different methods for quality control in industries. Milk composition and different types of milk, butter, cheese etc. 2. Explosives Classification. Various types and their composition. Preparation of TNT, Trinitroglycerine, cellulose trinitrate, Smokeless powder and Black powder.


Course Title: Applied Chemistry paper-F, (paper-VI) Course Code: CHEM-4208 Cr. Hr. 3 1. Plant Protection and Modeling Chemicals / Insecticides Preparation and properties of insecticides. Applications for plant protection. Their side-effects and poisoning effects. 2. Petroleum and Petrochemicals Composition, Refining. Testing, Extraction from rocks, Types of minerals associated with petroleum. Climates indicating zones, Various Petrochemicals. Course Title: Applied Chemistry Practical-II Course Code: CHEM-4209P Cr. Hr. 1 1. Evaluation of edible and industrial oils. Determination of acid value.

Saponification value and Iodine value. 2. Extraction and characterization of essential oils from fragment plants. 3. Preparation and characterization of Nylon. 4. Analysis of effluent form industrial wastes. 5. Analysis of effluents from tanneries. 6. Recovery of chromium from tannery effluents. 7. Analysis of dolomite. 8. Loss on Ignition. Insoluble. Assay of calcium by EDTA and Gravimetrically. 9. Assay of Aspirin and vitamin C.

Books Recommended 1. Arovan Singh “Industrial Chemistry” Vol. I & II, Anmd. Publishers. New Dehli 2. Buchel, Moretto & Wodith , Industrial Inorganic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons. 3. Crogsins “ Unit Operation in Oganic Synthesis” McGraw Hill. 4. Pandey Vikas, “Text Book of Chemical Technology, Vol. 1 & II” Publishing Co.

New Dehli 5. Streven & Brink “Chemical Process Industries, McGraw Hill

36

6. Weissermel & Ape “Industrial Organic Chemistry” Verlag Chemie. 7. R. Norris Shreve, “The chemical process Industries” Second edition, McGraw-

Hill Book company, Inc.

SPECIALIZATION IN BIOCHEMISTRY


Course Title: Biochemistry paper-A, (paper-I) Course Code: CHEM-4110 Cr. Hr. 3 1. Carbohydrate metabolism Carbohydrate metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, uronic acid pathway, gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis and glycogenolysis. Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. Photosynthesis. 2. Lipid metabolism Lipid metabolism, biosynthesis of fatty acids, glycerides, phospholipids and ketone bodies. Degradation and biosynthesis of sterols and bile acids. Regulations of lipid metabolism.


Course Title: Biochemistry paper-B, (paper-II) Course Code: CHEM-4111 Cr. Hr. 3 1. Protein metabolism Protein metabolism and biosynthesis of amino acids. deamination and transamination, urea cycle, metabolic disorders, creatine & creatinine synthesis. 2. Metabolism of Nucleic acids Metabolism of nucleic acids biosynthesis and degredation of purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides and nucleotides.


Course Title: Biochemistry paper-C, (paper-III) Course Code: CHEM-4112 Cr. Hr. 3

37

1. Physical techniques in biochemistry Physical techniques in biochemistry, gel filtration, ion-exchange and affinity chromatography, isoelectric focussing, centrifugation, ultrafiltration Isotopic labelling, Immunoblotting, ELISA and spectrometry. 2. Chemotherapy Chemotherapy antimalarials, sulfonamides and some commonly used antibiotics. Mechanism of drug resistance Course Title: Biochemistry Practical-I Course Code: CHEM-4113P Cr. Hr. 1 1. Analysis of normal and abnormal constituents in urine. 2. Analysis of organic and inorganic constituents of blood. 3. Estimation of different vitamins. 4. Separation of sub-cellular fractions in cells. 5. Gel filtration, ion-exchange, paper and thin layer chromatography of proteins. 6. Gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography and HPLC. 7. Enzymes: Purification and kinetic studies of invertase, lactic dehydrogenase and peroxidase. 8. Electrophoresis of plasma proteins, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 9. Agarose electrophoresis of DNA.


Course Title: Biochemistry paper-D, (paper-IV) Course Code: CHEM-4210 Cr. Hr. 3 1. Immunology Immunology, chemistry of immunoglobulins, myeloma and hybridoma immunoglobulins. Immune system and its abnormalities, allergy and inflammation, complement system, peripheral leucocytes and macrophages. 2. Microbiology Microbiology microbial cultivation, metabolism and genetics. Bacteria, fungi, protozoa and algae. Medical and industrial microbiology. 3. Molecular biology Molecular biology Replication, transcription and translation. Regulation of gene expression. DNA synthesis and sequencing. Genetic code. plasmids, bacteriophages and cosmids. Mutagenesis, Methods and applications of recombinant DNA.

38


Course Title: Biochemistry paper-E, (paper-V) Course Code: CHEM-4211 Cr. Hr. 3 1. Composition of blood Composition of blood blood plasma, serum proteins, red blood cells, white blood cells, plateletes, structure and function of haemoglobin. Coagulation and its mechanism. 2. Body Fluids Biochemistry of urine and lymphatic fluids. 3. Physiological Chemistry Structure and functions of liver lungs, muscle, connective tissue, kidney, heart, nerve conduction and sensory systems. 4. Hormones Chemistry, functions and metabolism of thyroid, adrenal, pancreatic, steroid and growth hormones, hormonal regulation of metabolism.


Course Title: Biochemistry paper-F, (paper-VI) Course Code: CHEM-4212 Cr. Hr. 3 1. Enzymes Kinetics Kinetic of single substrate reactions, substrate specify enzyme inhibition, multi-substrate reactions, multi-enzyme systems. 2. Vitamins: structure, physiological functions, deficiency diseases and recommended dietary allowances of vitamin A, D, E, K, B complex and C. 3. Nutrition Nutritional importance of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Balance diet. micro-nutrients and their functions. Role of nutrition in growth, development and disease. Course Title: Biochemistry Practical -II Course Code: CHEM-4213P Cr. Hr. 1

39

1. Dialysis, ultra filtration and lyophilization. 2. Cultivation of microorganisms in laboratory using solid and liquid culture

media, test tube, petri plate and shake flask cultures, isoletia of pure culture, study of physical characteristics of microorganism, bacterial growth curve, preservation of microbial strains

3. Enzymes, including preparation and kinetic studies of Invertase, Lactic dehydrogenase and peroxidases.

4. Estimation of different Vitamins, isolation and characterization of proteins in food materials.

Recommended Books Theory 1. Lehninger, A. L. Principles of Biochemistry, Worth Publisher, New York (2001). 2. Voet, D. and J. G. Voet,. Biochemistry, John Wiley & Sons, New York. (2000) 3. Murray, R. K., P. A. Mayes, D. K. Granner and V. W. Rodwell, Harper’s .

Biochemistry, Appleton and Lange(2000). 4. Robert, Harper’s Biochemistry, 25th Edition. (2000) 5. West, Text Book of Biochemistry 4th Edition. (2000) 6. Zubay, G. Biochemistry, 4th Edition Macmillan Publishing Co.(1999) 7. Stryer, L. Biochemistry, Freeman & Co.( 1994) 8. Alberts, B., D. Bray, J. Lewis, M. Raff, K. Roberts and J. D. Watson, Molecular Biology of Cell, McGraw Hill Book Co., New York. 9. Watson, J. D., N. H. Hopkins, J. W. Roberts, J. A. Steitz and A. M. Weiner,

Molecular Biology of the Gene, Benjamin/Cummins. 10. Darnell Jr., J., H. Lodish and D. Baltimore, Molecular Cell Biology, Scientific

American Books. 11. Dawis, B. D., R. Dulbecco, H. N. Eisen and H. S. Ginsbery, Microbiology,

Harper & Row. 12. Bryce, C. F. A., Microcomputers in Biochemistry: A practical approach,

Oxford University Press. 13. Passmore, R. and M. A. Eastwood, Human Nutrition & Dietetics, Churchill

Livingstone/ELBS 14. Watson, J. D., J. Tooze and D. T. Kurtz, Recombinant DNA, Scientific

American Books Practicals 1. Wilson, A. Practical Biochemistry: Principle and techniques (2000). 2. Swotzer, Experimental Biochemistry theory and exercises in fundamental

method (2000) 3. Dryer, R. L. and G. F. Lata, Experimental Biochemistry, Oxford University

Press. 4. Plummer, D. T.,Introduction to Practical Biochemisry, McGraw Hill Book Co.,

New York (1986).

40

5. Alexander, R. R., J. M. Griggiths and M. L. Wilkinson, Basic Biochemical Methods, John Wiley & Sons

6. Wooton, I. D. P., Microanalysis in Medical Biochemistry, J&A Churchill 7. Gowenlock, A.H., Varley’s Practical Clinical Biochemistry, 6th ed., Heinemann

Professional Publishing, Oxford (1988). 8. T. N. Pattabiraman. Laboratory Manual in biochemistry. All India

Publishers(1998) 9. Gosling, J. P. Immunoassay: Laboratory Analysis and Clinical application

(1994). 10. Sauhney, Introductory Practical Biochemistry (1998)

SPECIALIZATION IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY BS: 4th

Year (Semester-VII) Course Title: Inorganic Chemistry paper-A, (paper-I) Course Code: CHEM-4114 Cr. Hr. 3

1. Chemistry of f-Block Elements (i) Lanthanides: Electronic structure and position in the periodic table,

Lanthanide’s contraction, oxidation states, spectral and magnetic properties, general characteristics, occurrence, extraction and general principles of separation, complexes and uses.

(ii) Actinides: Electronic structure and position in the periodic table, oxidation states, general characteristics, half life and decay law.

2. -Acceptor Complexes Mononuclear and polynuclear metal carbonyls: the eighteen electron rule as applied to metal carbonyls; rationalization of molecular structure; evaluation of structures based on spectroscopic evidences; chemistry of metal carbonyls and their derivatives (nitosyls, halides and hydrides

Recommended Books Theory

41

1. Huheey, J. E, Keiter, E. A. and Keiter, R. L., “Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity”, 4th Ed., Harper & Row, New York, 2001.

2. Cotton, F. A., Wilkinson, G., Murillo, C. A. and Bochmann. M., “Advanced Inorganic Chemistry”, 6th Ed., Wiley-Intersceince, New York, 1999.

3. Greenwood, N. N., and Earnshaw, A., “Chemistry of the Elements”, 2nd Ed., Pergamon Press, New York, 1992.

4. Willium W. Porterfield. Inorganic chemistry, Unified approach, Elsevier company, Delhi, (2005)

5. Mackay, K. M., Mackay, R. A. and Henderson, W., “Introduction to Modern Inorganic Chemistry”, 5th Edition, Stanley Thomas Publisher Ltd. 1996

6. Bassette, J., Denney, G. H. and Mendham, J., “Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis Including Elementary Instrumental Analysis” English Language Book Society, 4th Edition, 1981.


BS: 4th

Year (Semester-VII) Course Title: Inorganic Chemistry paper-B, (paper-II) Course Code: CHEM-4115 Cr. Hr. 3 1. Periodic Anomalies and Bonding in Electron deficient Compounds First- and second- row anomalies; the use of d- orbitals by non-metals; reactivity and d- orbital participation; p-d bonds; the use of p- orbitals in - bonding; periodic anomalies of non-metals and post-transition metals. Multicenter bonding in electron deficient molecules, three centre two electron bond (3c-2e) and three-center, four-electron (3c-4e) bond model. 2. Kinetics and Reaction Mechanism of Inorganic Reactions Classification of reaction mechanisms; rate laws; steady state approximation; inert and labile complexes; substitution reactions; octahedral complexes: acid hydrolysis, acid catalyzed aquation, anation reactions, base hydrolysis, attack on ligands, steric effects of inert ligands; square planar complexes: nucleophilic reactivity, trans-effect, cis-effect, effect of leaving group, mechanism of substitution, racemization reactions. 3. Electron Transfer Reactions Electron transfer reactions in co-ordination compounds, mechanism of electron transfer reactions, outer sphere or tunneling mechanism, inner sphere or ligand bridge mechanism, factors effecting the rate of electron transfer reactions, two electrons transfer reactions, complementary or non complementary electron transfer reactions, oxidation reduction reactions of metal ions. RECOMMENDED BOOKS

42

1. Basolo, F., and Pearson, R. G., “Mechanism of Inorganic Reactions”, Wiley, New York, 1982.

2. Huheey, J. E, Keiter, E. A. and Keiter, R. L., “Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity”, 4th Ed., Harper & Row, New York, 2001.

3. Benson, D., Mechanisms of Inorganic Reactions in solution: McGraw Hill. 1968. 4. Purcell, K.F. and Kotz, J.C., “Inorganic Chemistry” W.B. Saunders Company

Holt-Saunders Internal editions 1977. 5. Shirve D.F. Atkins P.W. and Langford C.H. “Inorganic Chemistry”, Oxford

University Press 1990. 6. Wilkins R.G. “Kinetics and Mechanism of Reactions of Transition Metal

Complex” VCH Publishers, Inc., 1991. 7. William. J., Modern inorganic chemistry second edition McGraw Hill Company 1991.

8. Porter Field. W.W., Inorganic Chemistry a Unified Approach 2nd ed. Elsevier Publishers, 2005

9. Douglas, McDaniel & John Alexander. “Concepts and Models of Inorganic Chemistry” by John Willey and Sons, 1994.

10. R.B. Jordan, Reaction Mechanisms of Inorganic and Organomettalics Systems. Oxford University Press, New York, 1991. An excellent introduction.

11. R.G. Wilkins, The study of kinetics and Mechanisms of Reactions of transition metal complexes 2nd ed., VCH Publishers, New York, 1991. Excellent discussions of rate laws, their interpretation and experimental establishment.


Course Title: Inorganic Chemistry paper-C, (paper-III) Course Code: CHEM-4116 Cr. Hr. 3 1. Organic Reagents Used in Inorganic Analysis Types of reagents, specificity and sensitivity of the reagents, methods of application with specific examples, complexometric and gravimetric methods involving various reagents, chelates and chelate-effect. 2. Corrosion Corrosion, different types of corrosion. Different theories of corrosion, safety measures for corrosion (corrosion Control) prospects in Pakistan to control the corrosion.

Recommanded Books: 1. Emeleus and Sharpe., “Modern Aspects of Inorganic Chemistry”. 2. Huheey, J. E, Keiter, E. A. and Keiter, R. L., “Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of

43

Structure and Reactivity”, 4th Ed., Harper & Row, New York, 2001. 4. P. Powell. “Non Metal Chemistry”, Chopman & Hall., 1974 5. Miessler G.L. and Tar Donald, A. “Inorganic Chemistry” Prentice Hall Int. edition,

1991. 6. Douglas, McDaniel & John Alexander. “Concepts and Models of Inorganic

Chemistry” by John Willey and Sons, 1994. Course Title: Inorganic Chemistry Practical-I Course Code: CHEM-4117P Cr. Hr. 1 1. Use of some Organic Reagents for Gravimetric Estimation. (a) 8-Hydroxyquinoline Al (III) and Fe (III) (b) Nitron 2. Use of Some Organic Reagents for The Estimation of Various Elements (a) Salicylaldoxime: Ni (II) in the presence of Cu (II) (b) Anthranilic acid: Co(II) and Zn(II) 3. Inorganic Synthesis: Preparation of at least six inorganic compounds / complexes in a pure state and determination of their state of purity. 4. Conductometry (i) Titration of strong acid and weak acid with a strong base. (ii) Precipitation titration involving AgNO

3 and KCl.

(iii) Determination of dissociation constant Ka for acetic acid 5. Potentiometry (i) Determination of K

l K

2 and K

3 for H

3PO

4

(ii) Determination of chloride in the presence of iodide and evaluation of Ksp

of

AgI and AgCl Books Recommended Practical Bassette J., Denney C., Jeffery G. H. and Mendham J. “‘Vogel’s Textbook of


Fritz J. S., Schenk G. H. “Quantitative Analytical Chemistry” Allyn and Bacon,

Inc. 4th

Edition (1979) Harris W. E., Kratochvil B. “An Introduction to Chemical Analysis” Saunders

College Publishing. Holt-Saunders International Edition (1981)


Course Title: Inorganic Chemistry paper-D, (paper-IV) Course Code: CHEM-4214 Cr. Hr. 3

44

1. Nuclear Chemistry Introduction, Structure of nucleus, radioactivity and radioactive series, artificial radioactivity, Determination of half life, nuclear fission and fusion reaction, energetic nuclear reactions, Application of radioisotopes. 2. Spectroscopic Methods of Analysis Flame Spectrometry (AAS & FES), Basic principles, instrumentation and applications.

Recommended Books: 1. Choppin G. R. and Rydberg J. “Nuclear Chemistry, Theory and Applications”

Pergamon. (1980) 2. Elton L. R. B. “Introductory Nuclear Theory” The English Language Book

Society and Sir ISAAC Pitman & Sons, Ltd. (1959) 3. Friedlander G., Kennedy J. W. and Macias E. S. “Nuclear and Radiochemistry”

John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 3rd Edition (1964) 4. Friedlander G., Kennedy J. W. and Miller J. M. “Nuclear and Radiochemistry”

John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 2nd Edition (1964) 5. . Harvey B. G. “Nuclear Physics and Chemistry” Prentice-Hall, Inc. (19690 6. . Naqvi I. I. “Radiochemistry” University Grants Commission. (1990) 7 Christian G,D “Analytical Chemistry”

BS: 4th

Year (Semester-VIII) Course Title: Inorganic Chemistry paper-E, (paper-V) Course Code: CHEM-4215 Cr. Hr. 3 1. Symmetry and Group Theory Symmetry and symmetry operations. Point groups. Properties of group, Non-degenerate representation, matrices, transformation of matrices, Degenerate representation , character tables and their applications in chemical bonding and molecular vibration.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS (THEORY) 1. Cotton F.A. “Chemical Applications of Groups Theory” Interscience

Publishers (1963). 2. Lowell Hall H. “Group Theory and Symmetry in Chemistry” McGraw Hill

Book Company (1969). 3. Albert R.A., Robert J.S. and Moungi G.B. “Physical Chemistry”. 4th ed., John

Wiley and Sons (2004). 4. Ball D.W. “Physical Chemistry” 1st ed., Brooks/Cole Co. Inc. (2003). 5. Alan Vincent “Molecular symmetry and Group theory” John Wiley and Sons

45


Course Title: Inorganic Chemistry paper-F, (paper-VI) Course Code: CHEM-4216 Cr. Hr. 3 1. Chemistry of Organometallics History and introduction to organometallic compounds, types of bonding. Transition metals; single, double and triple bonds to carbon (compound types, acyls, alkylidene complexes and alkylidyne complexes), delocalized hydrocarbon systems (alkenes, olefins, allyl and butadienes), alkyne complexes, cyclic -complexes (five- and six- member rings). 2. Organometallic Compounds in Homogenous Catalytic Reactions Homogenous catalytic hydrogenation, dimerization, oligomerization, polymerization, oxidation, hydrosilation, hydroformylation of olefins. Catalytic polymerization of acetylenes, insertion reactions, use of organometallic compounds in organic synthesis.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. Powell, P., “Principles of Organometalics Chemistry”, 2nd edition London,

1995. 2. Akio Yamamoto “Organotransition Metal Chemistry”, Printice Hall, 1992. 3. F. A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson, C. A. Murillo and M. Bochmann, “Advanced

Inorganic Chemistry”, 6th Ed., Wiley-Intersceince, New York, 1999. 4. Miessler G.L. and Tar Donald, A. “Inorganic Chemistry” Prentice Hall

Int. edition, 1991. 5. Douglas, McDaniel & John Alexander. “Concepts and Models of

Inorganic Chemistry” by John Willey and Sons, 1994. 6. Zuckerman, H., “Basic Organometallic Chemistry”, 2nd Ed, 1985.

8. William. J., Modern inorganic chemistry second edition McGraw Hill Company, 1991.

9. Porter Field. W.W., Inorganic Chemistry a Unified Approach 2nd ed. Elsevier Publishers, 2005.

Course Title: Inorganic Chemistry Practical-II Course Code: CHEM-4217P Cr. Hr. 1

1. Gravimetric Estimation. a) Estimation of Ba2+ as BaSO4.

46

b) Estimation of Ni2+ as in the given solution by DMG. c) Estimation of Pb2+ as PbSO4.

2. Complexometric Titrations

a) Determination of Mg2+ and Zn2+ ions by EDTA (Direct titration). b) Determination of Ni2+ ions by EDTA (Back titration). c) Determination of Ca2+ and Zn2+ ions by EDTA (Masking Method).

3. Conductometry

a) Titration of strong Acid with strong Base. b) Titration of weak Acid with strong Base. c) Titration of strong Acid with weak Base.

4. Use of some organic reagents for estimation of various metal ions. a) Anthranilic acid ( Cd2+, Zn2+, Co2+). b) 8-Hydroxyquinoline ( Al3+, Fe3+). c) Nitron ( NO3

-).

5. Inorganic preparations of metal complexes a) Sod. Trioxalato Ferrate (III). b) [Cr(en)3]Cl3 c) Trans isomer K[Cr(C2O4)2(H2O)2]2H2O.

6. Potentiometry

a) Titration of strong Acid with strong Base. b) Titration of strong Acid with weak Base.

Books Recommended Practical Bassette J., Denney C., Jeffery G. H. and Mendham J. “‘Vogel’s Textbook of


Fritz J. S., Schenk G. H. “Quantitative Analytical Chemistry” Allyn and Bacon,

Inc. 4th

Edition (1979) Harris W. E., Kratochvil B. “An Introduction to Chemical Analysis” Saunders

College Publishing. Holt-Saunders International Edition (1981)

SPECIALIZATION IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY BS: 4th

Year (Semester-VII) Course Title: Organic Chemistry A, (paper-I) Course Code: CHEM-4118 Cr. Hr. 3

47

1. Reactive Intermediates Introduction, Structure, Generation, Detection, Reactions, Mechanisms, and Synthetic applications of:

a. Carbenes b. Nitrenes c. Benzynes d. Free radicals

2. Methods of Determining Reaction Mechanisms Types of Mechanisms, thermodynamic and kinetic requirements for reaction, The Baldwin Rule for Ring closure. Kinetic and Theormodynamic Control. Identification of products and intermediates. Isotopic labelling and Isotopic effects. Stereochemical evidence, Kinetic evidence, Steady state approximation. 3. Protective Groups Introduction, role of protective groups in organic synthesis. Protection of hydroxyl, amino, carboxylic and aldehyde group and their applications. Compatibility of different protective groups.


Course Title: Organic Chemistry B, (paper-II) Course Code: CHEM-4119 Cr. Hr. 3 1. Heterocyclic Compounds Introduction, Nomenclature: Structure, Synthesis and Reactions of Aziridines, Oxiranes, Pyrrole, Furan, Thiophene, Pyridine, Quinoline, Isoquinoline and Fused ring systems, Azepines, Oxepines. Heterocyclic compounds in Nature, Medicines and their Biosynthesis. 2. Molecular Rearrangements Reaction mechanism involving molecular rearrangements, classification of molecular rearrangements, migratory aptitude and stereochemical implications Mechanism of molecular rearrangements involving: (a). Carbon to Carbon migration. (b). Carbon to Nitrogen migration. (c). Carbon to Oxygen migration. (d). Electrocyclic and Sigmatropic Rearrangements.


Course Title: Organic Chemistry C, (paper-III) Course Code: CHEM-4120 Cr. Hr. 3 1. Polymers

48

Introduction: classification stereochemistry of Polymers. Methods of polymerization, step reactions, Radical chains, Ionic and co-ordination, copolymerization. Biosynthesis of polymers. Synthesis and applications of commercial polymers like Polyethylene, Polvinylethers, Polyesters, Cellulosic polymers, Phenolic and Amino resins, Rubber. 2. Photochemistry Basic Laws of Photochemistry. Electronic excitation, Electronic Transitions, Fluoresence, Phosphersence, Energy transfer. Photosensitization, characteristics of photoreactions, Typical Photoreactions, Photochemistry of olefines. Photochemical cycloadditions, Photorearragements, Photo-oxidation and reduction. Course Title: Organic Chemistry Practical-I Course Code: CHEM-4121P Cr. Hr. 1 1. Organic Preparations Preparations of: a). Methyl Orange b). Sulphanilic acid c). meta-Dinitrobenzene d). Pricric acid e). Benzyl Alcohol f). p-Bromoacetanilide 2. Qualitative and Preparative Chromatography a) Thin layer chromatography b) Paper chromatography c) High performance liquid chromatography 3. Analysis of Three Component Mixtures Separation and identification of the components by Solvent extraction methods and chemical methods, using IR, UV and NMR techniques.


Course Title: Organic Chemistry D, (paper-IV) Course Code: CHEM-4218 Cr. Hr. 3 1. Introduction to natural products Introduction of primary and secondary metabolites and their varied sources, General classification of natural products, Historical and recent use of natural products in medicines. 2. Alkaloids Introduction, classification, isolation and general methods of structure determination. Chemistry of Conine, Nicotine and Morphine. 3. Terpenoids

49

Introduction, classification, isolation and general methods of structure determination. Chemistry of Citral, -Pinene, Camphor and their biosynthesis. 4. Steroids Introduction, sterochemistry of Steroids, Chemistry of Cholesterol and Bile Acids. Biosynthesis of cholesterol. 5. Flavonoids Structure and synthesis of Flavones, Flavonol, Quercetin. Biosynthesis of Falvonoids.


Course Title: Organic Chemistry E, (paper-V) Course Code: CHEM-4219 Cr. Hr. 3 1. Modern Organic Synthesis Introduction to organic synthesis. Target selection, Retrosythesis, strategies, Reconnection approach- the synthon method and disconnection technique. Strategic bond approach, strategic bonds in rings. Biomimetic approach to retrosynthesis. The Chiron approach. Computer generated strategies. Formation of carbon-carbon single and double bonds. 2. Oxidation Introduction. Oxidation of saturated hydrocabons, olefinic double bonds, aromatic rings, systems containing oxygen. such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and dicarbonyl compounds oxidative decarboxylation of acids. Oxidation of systems containing nitrogen such as amine, hydrazines and hydrazons.

3. Reduction Introduction. Reduction of cycloalkanes, alkenes, conjugated olefine, alkynes and aromatic rings. Hydrogenolysis. Reduction of benzylic and allylic systems, aldehydes and ketones, Reduction of systems. Containing nitrogen such as imines, oximes and nitro compounds.


Course Title: Organic Chemistry F, (paper-VI) Course Code: CHEM-4219 Cr. Hr. 3 Named Organic Reactions

1. Cannizzaro reaction 2. Perkin reaction 3. Michael reaction 4. Claisen-Schmidt reaction 5. Darzens Glycidic Ester reaction 6. Stobbe reaction 7. Mannich reaction

50

8. Wittig reaction 9. Ene reaction 10. Reformatsky reaction 11. Diels-Alder reaction.

Course Title: Organic Chemistry Practical-II Course Code: CHEM-4221P Cr. Hr. 1 1. Isolation of Natural Products

Isolation of Natural Products from the following; 1. Red Pepper 2. Turmeric 3. Piperine from Black Pepper 4. Caffeine from tea 5. Separation of plant pigments by TLC 6. Separation of plant pigments by paper chromatography 7. Cholesterol from gall stone, brain and egg 8. Lactose from milk 9. Oil from orange peels

2. Analysis of Commercial Drugs Analysis of the following commercial drugs using HPLC and Titration methods: i). Penicillin ii). Tetracycline iii). Chloroquine iv). Brufen v). Valium vi). Paracetamol vii). Neomycin viii). Chloropromazine Books Recommended: 1. McMurry.J, “Organic Chemistry” Thomson Asia Pte Ltd, Singapore, Fifth

Edition (2000). 2. Morrison.R.T, Boyd.R.N, “Organic Chemistry” Prentice-Hall, Inc; Sixth Edition

(1992). 3. Solomons.T.W.G, Fryhle.C.B, Johnson.R.G, “Study Guide and Solutions

Manual to Accompany Organic Chemistry” John Wiley & Sons, Inc; Seventh Edition (2000).

4. March.J, “Advanced Organic Chemistry Reactions, Mechanisms and Structure” John Wiley & Sons, Inc; Fourth Edition (1992)

5. Hornback.J.M, “Organic Chemistry” Brooks/Cole Publishing Company (1998). 6. Pine.S.H, Hendrickson.J.B, Cram.D.J, Hammond.G.S, “Organic Chemistry”

McGraw-Hill, Inc; Fourth Edition (1980). 7. Finar.I.L, “Fundamental Principles of Organic Chemistry”Longman, Third

Edition, Vol.I (1959). 8. Finar.I.L, “Stereochemistry and the Chemistry of Natural Products, “English

Language book Society and Longman Group Ltd; Fifth Edition, Vol.II (1975). 9. Sykes.P, “A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry” Longman Group

Ltd. (1986).

51

10. Warren.S, “Designing Organic Syntheses A Programmed Introduction to the Synthon Approach” John Wiley & Sons,Inc(1980).

11. Norman.R.O.C, “Principles of Organic Synthesis” Chapman and Hall Ltd, Second Edition (1978).

12. Corey.E.J, Cheng.X.M, “The Logical of Chemical Synthesis” Wiley Interscience(1989).

13. Greene.T.W, Nuts.P.G, “Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis” John Wiley & Sons, Second Edition (1991).

14. Cleyden.J, Greeves.N, Warren.S and Wothers.P, “Organic Chemistry” Oxford University Press (2001).

15. Nizami.S.S, “Reterosynthetic Approach to Organic Synthesis”, Higher Education Commission (2003).

16. Burger. A, “Medicinal Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc; Third Edition, Part.I (1970).

17. Warren.S, “Organic Synthesis: The Disconnection Approach”, John Wiley & Sons Ltd (1982).

18. Cordell.G.A, “Introduction to Alkaloids”, John Wiley & Sons,Inc.(1981). 19. Pavia.D.L, Lampman.G.M, Kriz.G.S, “Introduction to Spectroscopy: A Guide

for Students of Organic Chemistry” Saunders College Publishing/Holt.Rinehart and Winston (1979).

20. Bender.G.T, “Principles of Chemical Instrumentation”, W.B.Saunders Company (1987).

21. Akitt.J.W, “NMR and Chemistry an Introduction to the Fourier transform multinuclear era”, J.W.Arrowsmith Ltd, Bristol, Second Edition (1983).

22. Macomber.R.S, “NMR Spectroscopy Basic Principles and Applications”, Books for Professionals, Inc (1988).

23. Kemp.W, “NMR in Chemistry A multinuclear Introduction”, The Macmillan Press Ltd. (1986).

24. Silverstein.R.M, Bassler.G.C, Morrill.T.C, “Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds”, John Wiley & Sons; Inc; Fourth Edition (1981).

25. Kemp.W, “Organic Spectroscopy”, Macmillan Education Ltd; Third Edition (1991).

26. Budzikiewicz.H, Djerass.C, Williams.D.H, “Mass Spectrometry of Organic Compounds”, Holden-Day, Inc (1967).

27. Whittaker.D, “Interpreting Organic Spectra”, The Royal Society of Chemistry (2000).

28. Creswell.C.J/Runquist.O.A,Campbell.M.M, “Spectral Analysis of Organic Compounds”, Burgess Publishing Company, Second Edition (1972).

29. Stowell.J.C, “Intermediate Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc; Second Edition (1994).

30. Vogel.A.I, “Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry Part III: Quantitative Organic Analysis”, Longman Group Ltd (1958).

31. Mohan.J., “Organic Analytical Chemistry” Theory and Practice, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi (2003).

32. Craig.C.R., Stitzel.R.E., “Modern Pharmacology with Clinical Application”, 5th Edition, Morgantown (2005).

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33. Mann.J., “Secondary Metabolism”, 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press, New Yark. (1987),

34. Bhat.S.V., Nagasampagi B. A., Sivakumar M., “Chemistry of Natural Products”, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi (2005).

SPECIALIZATION IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY BS: 4th

Year (Semester-VII) Course Title: Physical Chemistry-A (paper-I) Cr. Hr. 3 Course Code: CHEM-4122 1. Symmetry Operations Symmetry operations, Symmetry Elements, Properties of group. Multiplication tables, Matrix representation of Symmetry operations. Nomenclature of I.R. representations. Transformation matrix for rotation through an angle. Representation of a group, basis for representation. Character Table of some point group. 2. Molecular Spectroscopy Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. Microwave, Infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Symmetry properties of molecules. Electronic spectra of simple molecules. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.


Course Title: Physical Chemistry-B (paper-II) Cr. Hr. 3 Course Code: CHEM-4123 1. Photochemical reactions Photochemical reactions in gas phase and in solutions. Quantum yield, flash photolysis. Advanced approach to kinetics of photochemical reactions. 1. Quantum Chemistry Operators and their properties. Angular momentum. Central field problem. Hydrogen-like atoms. Approximate methods. Perturbation methods and variations principle. Valence bond and molecular orbital theories. pi-electron calculations.


Course Title: Physical Chemistry-C (paper-III) Cr. Hr. 3 Course Code: CHEM-4124 1. Solid State Chemistry

53

Intermolecular forces. Symmetry of condensed systems. Properties of solids (electrical, mechanical and optical). Lattice defects, dopping for defects. Electron-gas model, heat capacity paradox, electrical conductivity. Band theory of metallic state. Conductors semiconductors and insulators. Controlled valency and hopping phenomena, p & n-type conductivity, p,n-junctions. Solid state reactions. Developments in superconductivity. Course Title: Physical Chemistry practical-I Cr. Hr. 1 Course Code: CHEM-4125P 1. Determination of percentage composition of KMnO

4 / K

2Cr

2O

7 in a given

solution by spectrophotometry. 2. Evaluation of pKa value of an indicator by spectrometric method. 3. Measurement of IR spectra of simple compound and their interpretation 4. Measurement of cyclic voltammogram of an organic compound and its

interpretation 5. Study of multistep reactions. 6. Evaluation of energy of activation. 7. Sugar analysis and inversion studies by polarimetry. 8. Determination of partial molar quantities.


Course Title: Physical Chemistry-D (paper-IV) Course Code: CHEM-4222 Cr. Hr. 3 1. Surface and Catalytic Chemistry Solids surfaces. Gas solid interface. Thermodynamics of adsorption. Heterogeneous catalysis. Kinetics and mechanisms of catalyzed reactions. Adsorption at liquid surfaces. Enzymatic catalysis. Organized molecular assemblies. Colloidal solutions. Catalyst preparation methods. Industrial catalysts. 2. Polymer Chemistry Definition and classification of polymers. Polymerization and co-polymerization. Polymer solution. Polymer characterization: structure property relationship. Elastomers, plastics, fibers, blends and alloys.

BS: 4th

Year (Semester-VIII) Course Title: Physical Chemistry-E (paper-V) Course Code: CHEM-4223 Cr. Hr. 3 1. Chemical Kinetics

54

Advanced theories of unimolecular reactions. Chain and non-chain complex reactions. Fast reactions, experimental techniques for measurement of fast reaction kinetics. Kinetics of catalyized reaction. Potential energy surfaces. Solar reactions. 2. Statistical Thermodynamics Description of various systems. Concepts of states, accessible states and distribution. Probability concepts. Maxwell-Boltzmann’s statistics for the systems of independent particles. Partition functions. Statistical thermodynamics. Applications to equilibrium and chemical kinetics. Bose-Einstein’s and Fermi-Dirac’s statistics.


Course Title: Physical Chemistry-F (paper-VI) Course Code: CHEM-4224 Cr. Hr. 3 1. Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear systematic. Sources of nuclear instability. Nuclear energetics. Nuclear models: shell model, liquid drop model. Nuclear reactions. Fission and fusion. 2. Theories of Electrolytes Interfacial phenomena. Electrode kinetics. Mechanisms of electrode reactions. Cyclic voltammetry and its applications. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Course Title: Physical Chemistry Practical-II Course Code: CHEM-4225P Cr. Hr. 1 1. Determination of free energy changes, standard free energies. 2. Verification of Kohlrausch law. 3. Study of temperature dependence of electrode potentials 4. Determination of heat of solution and heat of neutralization. 5. Determination of molecular weight of a polymer by viscosity method. 6. Determination of Precipitation value of electrolytes. 7. Determination of dipole moment of an organic liquid. 8. Stoichiometry of a complex in solution by Job’s method. Recommended Books 1. Albery J., Electrode Kinetics, Clarendon, Oxford, 1975. 2. Asperger S., “Chemical Kinetics and Inorganic Reaction Mechanisms” 2nd

Ed., Springer Verlag (2003).

55

3. Aston J.G. and Fritz J.J, “Thermodynamics and Statistical Thermodynamics” New York, John-Wiley (1959).

4. Aziz F. and Rodgers M. A.J., “Radiation Chemistry Principles and Application” Ed., VCH Publishers, Inc, (1987).

5. Banwell C.N., Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy” 3rd

Ed., , New Delhi,

6. Bard A. and Faukner L. R, “Electrochemical Methods, Fundamentals and Application” John Wiley, New York. (latest available edition).

7. Barrow G.M., “Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy,” New York, McGraw-Hill (1962).

8. Becker E.D., “High Resolution NMR; Theory & Chemical Application”, New York, Academic Press (1980).

9. Bible R. H., Jr., "Interpretation of NMR Spectra: An Empirical Approach," Plenum Press, New York, (1965).

10. Bond G.C “Heterogeneous Catalysis” 2nd Ed., , Clarendon Press. Oxford (1987).

11. Cassidy H.G., “Fundamentals of Chromatography”. Interscience Publishers New York, 1957.

12. Engel, Thomas and Philip Reid, “Thermodynamics, Statistical Thermodynamics”, and Kinetics 1st Ed., Benjamin Cummings, (2006).

13. Espenson, J. H. Chemical Kinetics and Reaction Mechanism “2nd Ed., McGraw Hill London (2002)

14. Flory, “Principle of Polymer Chemistry” Cornell (1953). 15. Fried J.R. “Polymer Science and Technology”. Prenitce Hall 1995.

16. Friedlander G. and Kennedy J.W “Nuclear and Radiochemistry”, 3rd

Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York (1981).

17. Graybal J.D., “Molecular Spectroscopy,”, New York, McGraw-Hill(1988) 18. Gregory R. Choppin and Jan Rayberg “Nuclear Chemistry Theory and

Applications”, 1st

Ed., Pergaman Press, Oxford. New York (1998). 19. Griffiths, David J., “ Introduction to Quantum Mechanics” 2nd Ed., Prentice

Hall (2004) 20. Hayward, David O., “Quantum Mechanics for Chemists” 1st Ed., John

Wiley (2003). 21. Hiemenzt P.C., and Rajagopalan, “Principles of Colloid & Surface

Chemistry,” 3rd

Ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, (1997). 22. Hill T.L., “Statistical Mechanics, , New York, McGraw-Hill (1956). 23. House, James E., “Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics” 2nd Ed.,

Elsevier-Academic Press (2003) 24. I.I Naqvi “Electrochemistry” Higher Education Commission (In Press)

25. J.H Espenson “Chemical Kinetics and Reaction Mechanisms”, 2nd

Ed. McGraw Hill, New York (1995)

26. Kemp, W., “NMR Chemistry: A Multinuclear Introduction’, London, Macmillan Education (1986).

56

27. Lajunen L.H.J., "Spectrochemical Analysis by Atomic Absorption and Emission" Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1992.

28. Malcolm, P. S., “Polymer Chemistry” Oxford University Press (2005).

29. Mandelkern “ An Introduction to Macromolecules”, 2nd

, Springer (1983). 30. Mathews F.L. and Rawlings R.D, “Composite Materials: Engineering and

Science” Chapman and Hall, 1994. 31. Micheal, J. P., “Reaction Kinetics” Oxford University Press (2005). 32. Mohammad and Amjad. ‘Principles of Electrode Kinetics” Roohi Printers,

Lahore. 33. N. Davidson “Statistical Mechanics, New York, McGraw-Hill (1962). 34. Pople C.P., “Electron Spin Resonance”, John Wiley New York (1967).

35. Ravue, “Principles of Polymer Chemistry”. 2nd

Ed. Plenum Publishers. (2000)

36. Skoog D.A., West D.D., and Holler F.J., “Fundamentals of Analytical

Chemistry” 6th


37. Spinks J.W.T., and Woods R.J., “An Introduction to Radio Chemistry” by 2nd

Ed., John Wiley, New York (1976). 38. Stock and Rice, “Chromatographic Methods”, Chapman and Hall, (1967). 39. F.W Billmeyer, Jr “Textbook of Polymer Science “, John Wiley & Sons 1994. 40. Wallace S. and Brey JR., “Physical Method For Determining Molecular

Geometry” 41. Wayne R. P. “Principles and Applications of Photochemistry”, University

Press Oxford London (1988). 42. West A.R., “Solid State Chemistry”, J. Wiley, New York (1989).

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