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Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Mark Voorhees Jack Melcher EPA New England

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Page 1: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Mark VoorheesJack MelcherEPA New England

Page 2: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

Phosphorus Control Plan

Background & Basis for Proposing PCP Requirements

Lower Charles River Phosphorus TMDL

Phosphorus sources in stormwater

Recommended stormwater treatment controls 

Today’s Discussion

Page 3: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

Phosph

orus & The

 Cha

rles

How did we get to this point?

Federal Clean Water Act

Establishes minimum goal uses 

State Water Quality Standards 

Protect designated uses

Page 4: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

determine if waters are:State required to assess water quality

?Attaining State’s Water Quality Standards

Pollution solutionStarts with a pollutant loading‐budget study called a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL)

Page 5: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

T M D L s

Define the allowable amount (loading) of a pollutant that a water can receive and still attain Water Quality Standards

Distribute allowable loading amount among the contributing sources

Page 6: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

Permit Requirements and Link to Wasteload Allocations in Approved TMDLs

§ 122.44(d)vii(B)NPDES Permit Regulations 

Effluent limits developed to protect a narrative water quality criterion, a numeric water quality criterion, or both, are consistent with the assumptions and requirements of any available wasteload allocation for the discharge prepared by the State and approved by EPA pursuant to 40 CFR 130.7.

Page 7: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

Lower Charles RiverAugust 2006

Toxic cyanobacteria“blue‐green” bloom

Lower Charles August 2006

Page 8: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

Warning Posted Lower Charles River

August 2006

Page 9: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

Summary

EXCESSIVE

PHOSPHORUS

Reduced clarity

Noxious scums

Toxic blooms

Surface waters choked with plant matter

Low dissolved oxygen for aquatic life(e.g., fish)

Slippery (dangerous) cobbles and boulders

Adverse Water Quality Impacts on Recreation and Aquatic Life

Page 10: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

Lower Charles River Phosphorus TMDL Pollutant Load Allocations

Performed model simulations to determine pollutant load (nutrients) allocations that are necessary to attain water quality standards

Allocations were developed for major contributing sources of phosphorus to the Lower Charles River that were quantified using data and modeling– Upstream watershed at Watertown Dam– Major tributaries to the Lower Charles– Combined Sewer overflows

Phosphorus reductions by land cover for entire watershed were also estimatedPo

llutant Loa

d Allo

cation

s

Page 11: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

Lower Charles River Phosphorus TMDL Waste Load Allocations

SourceExisting Load 

(kg/year) (1998‐2002)

Waste Load Allocation (kg/year)

% Reduction

Upstream of Watertown Dam

28,925 15,109 48%

CSOs   2,263 90 96%

Downstream of Watertown Dam

8,836 3,370 62%

TOTAL 40,050 18,565 54%

Page 12: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

Average annual Phosphorus loading to the Charles by source category for current TMDL conditions (kg/yr)

Page 13: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

Charles River Watershed CommunityFranklin

Commercial

Industrial

High D

ensityResidential

Medium

 Density 

Residential

Low Density 

Residential

Agriculture

Forest

Open Land

Total

Percent Reduction Required

Drainage Area (ha)

87.5 351.2 110.5 1,455.0 597.6 119.8 2,966.7 600.3 6,288.6

1998‐2002 Loading (kg/yr)

148.6 516.4 125.0 823.5 27.2 60.6 386.8 20.6 2,108.7

TMDL Loading (kg/yr)

51.2 178.1 43.1 284.0 14.9 39.1 386.8 13.3 1,010.6 52.1%

Source: Excerpt from the Final Total Maximum Daily Load for Nutrients in the Lower Charles River Basin, Massachusetts, CN 301.0, June, 2007

Page 14: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

TMDL ImplementationKey Components

Storm Water Management

Find and Remove Illicit Sanitary Connections to Storm Drains

Reduce Overflows from Combined Sewers

Year‐Round Phosphorus Reductions at Wastewater Facilities

Page 15: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

TMDL Implementation

Adaptive Management Process time and money . . . 

It’s an iterative process involving:

Phased implementation of pollution controls

Progress is measured by a monitoring program

Ultimate Goal =  reduce algal blooms attain standards

Page 16: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

Sources of Phosphorus

Page 17: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

Stormwater Phosphorus

Mostly associated with very fine particles ~ 40 microns

Washed from impervious surfaces with smallamounts of rainfall (0.3 inches)

Stormwater controls must have filtration component to be effective

Page 18: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

Non‐Structural BMPs Eligible for Phosphorus Reduction Credits (BMPs)

Enhanced sweeping program

Semi‐annual catch basin cleaning

No application of fertilizers containing phosphorus 

Weekly leaf litter and organic debris collection program

Page 19: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

Example Structural BMPs

Page 20: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

More Structural BMPs

Page 21: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

Percentage of Total Number of Rainfall Events Based on Size of Rain Events - Boston, MA

(1948-2004)

1.5-2.0 inches2%

1.0-1.5 inches5%

0.6-1.0 inches10%

0.0 - 0.2 inches55%

2.0 inches and above

1%

0.2-0.6 inches27%

0.0 - 0.2 inches0.2-0.6 inches0.6-1.0 inches1.0-1.5 inches1.5-2.0 inches 2.0 inches and above

Page 22: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60

Perc

ent o

f Tot

al P

reci

pita

tion

Volu

me

Precipitation Depth (inches)Percen

tage of Total Precipitation

 Volum

e

Precipitation event and cumulative volume (depth) distribution Boston, MA (1948 – 2004)

Page 23: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural
Page 24: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction 

PCP to include non‐structural and structural control practices

Implement PCP Structural retrofit projects likely in MS4s with high pollutant load reduction requirement

Draft North Coastal MS4 PermitPhosphorus Control Plan (PCP)

Page 25: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

Charles @ night – Credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/soelin/5347754045/

Charles Winter – Credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/cdevers/4288152820/

Rainy Charles walk – Credit: 

http://www.flickr.com/photos/seangraham/4435913257/

Charles tree lined – Credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/teeves/3662325290/

Blue‐green bloom – Credit: EPA

Warning poster – Credit: CRWA

Hemisphere Charles – Credit:  

http://www.flickr.com/photos/evanzxcv/4236101332/

Power plant – Credit: EPA

Leaf on sidewalk – Credit: 

http://www.flickr.com/photos/myklroventine/2577753017/

Car exhaust – Credit: 

http://www.flickr.com/photos/48722974@N07/4478993066/ 

Image Credits I

Page 26: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

Fertilizer – Credit: 

http://www.flickr.com/photos/70267096@N00/3527224804/

Lighthouse gears – Credit: 

http://www.flickr.com/photos/joelmutate/46795031/

Rowers – Credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/haoli/2962973148/

Stormwater Drain – Credit: EPA

Street sweepers – Credit: USGS

Both Structural Diagrams – Credit : Tetera Tech Inc.

LID sidewalk – Credit: LID sidewalk 

http://www.flickr.com/photos/12806078@N04/1336910652/

Both LID streets – Credit: EPA

LID parking lot – Credit: EPA

Charles single rower – Credit: 

http://www.flickr.com/photos/cdevers/4666759917/

Image Credits II

Page 27: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan

6/30/2011 27U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Mark VoorheesJack MelcherEPA New England

Page 28: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

www.epa.gov/ne/npdes/stormwater/draft_manc_sms4gp.html

Template workbooks are available for download

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• Non‐structural Reductions Workbook

• Structural Reductions Workbook

• Reductions Workbooks Manual

Page 29: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

Draft Permit part 2.2.1(d)

i. Implementation and completion timeline

ii. Priority ranking of areas

iii. Description of non‐structural controls

iv. Description of structural controls

v. Implementation scope (Total vs. MS4‐Only)

vi. Calculation of phosphorus loads

vii. Calculation of required percent reduction

viii. Elements of the PCP

ix. Elements of the PCP progress report

x. Reporting of estimated change in phosphorus load

30

Page 30: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

Phosphorus Control Plan Template

iii. Description of non‐structural controls

iv. Description of structural controls

31

Today:

Page 31: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

% Effectiveness Approach

34

Load     x     % Effectiveness    =   Reduction

2 acres  x    1.5 (lb/acre/yr) =   3 lb/year

Commercial land use    =   1.5 (lb/acre/yr) 

Phosphorus Load Export (PLE) rate

Area      =     2 acres 

Page 32: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

% Effectiveness Approach

36

Load     x     % Effectiveness    =   Reduction

Street sweeping with a weekly frequency using regenerative air technology:  8%

3 lb/year

Page 33: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

% Effectiveness Approach

40

Load    x   % Effectiveness   =     Reduction

Required reduction (Franklin)  =   1,098 kg/year

=      0.11 kg/year

3 lbs/yr   x               8%             =      0.24 lb/year

Page 34: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

Non‐structural Calculator

• Introductory worksheet

• Summary worksheet

• Four BMP worksheets:– Street sweeping

– Catch basin cleaning

– Phosphorus fertilizer elimination

– Leaf litter pickup

• Constants worksheet41

Page 35: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

Introduction

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• Contents and Instructions

• Color key

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Summary

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Page 37: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

Table G‐2 in Draft Permit

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Street Sweeping

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Structural Calculator

• Introductory worksheet• Summary worksheet• Six BMP worksheets:

– Infiltration– Biofiltration– Other filtration– Stormwater wetlands– Detention– Rain water harvesting

• BMP effectiveness worksheet• Constants worksheet 75

Page 48: Developing and Implementing the Phosphorus Control Plan...Jun 03, 2011  · Develop phosphorus control plan to meet TMDL pollutant load reduction PCP to include non ‐ structural

Introduction

76

• Contents and Instructions

• Color key

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Infiltration

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Questions ?

6/30/2011 104U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Jack MelcherUS EPA – (OEP06‐1)5 Post Office Square – Suite 100Boston, MA 02109‐[email protected]

Thank you