Description of Cartographic Materials

Cataloging Cartographic Materials(Chapter 3 of AACR2R)

• What are cartographic materials?– Cartographic materials include all materials that represent the

whole or part of the earth or any celestial body. Most common cartographic material is a map - may represent any place in the universe, real or imaginary. Includes two and three dimensional maps and plans; aeronautical, navigational, and celestial charts; atlases, globes, aerial photographs.

– Maps can take the form of wall hangings, postcards, placemats, jigsaw puzzles, etc. For items of this type consult AACR2R chapter 3 in conjunction with AACR2R chapter 10 (Three-dimensional artifacts and realia)

– Maps may be printed on paper, vellum, linen, plastic, or other types of materials.  

Chief source of information (in order of preference)

• a) Item itself ; when there are more than 1 physical parts, treat all the parts as the cartographic item.

• b) Container or case, the cradle and stand of a globe, etc.

Chief source of information

• No straightforward title page equivalent exists for maps since the chief source is the entire map. (AACR2 3.0B2)

• Title is chosen on the basis of sequence or layout. If the layout is not clear the most comprehensive title (includes both subject and geographic area) is used. (CM 1B8b and AACR2 3.1B3)

• The definition of prominence is much different. Prominent is anywhere on the map

Main entry

• Cartographic materials are entered under the issuing corporate body if that body is responsible for more than just the publication and distribution.

• Companies such as Rand McNally and St. Louis Area Maps (responsible for the Wunnenberg's maps) fit into this category.

• These companies are responsible for the cartography, publication, etc.

• If in doubt, enter under title.

Monograph or serial

• Maps may be cataloged as serials as long as they meet the criteria:- Issued in successive parts- Bears a numeric and/or chronological designation- Publication is intended to continue indefinitely

Serials maps should have:Type: e Bib l: s 006 added for seriality260 $c will usually be open if serial is current300 $a will be open if serial is current 300 $a maps300 $a atlases362 0 $a Included if known (Starting and ending dates)

Cartographic materials

• Cartographic materials are cataloged as Type: e

This includes atlases. This has only been the case since 1995. Atlases cataloged before that date were cataloged as books.If you come across an older atlas that was cataloged as type a change to type e. This will cause the fix fields to change. Fill in the appropriate fixed fields.

Fixed field: Relief• Relief : Can use up to four codes to show relief. Codes are

recorded in order of their importance . If fewer than four  codes are assigned, the codes are left-justified and each  unused space is blank.                    blank - no relief shown on map   a) Contours: Lines joining points of equal distance                                      above or below a datum   b) Shading:  Shadows are used to show relief   c)  Gradient tints: Shows heights and depths by using                                          color    d) Hachures: Shows heights and depths by using short                                    lines   e - Bathymetry, soundings: Shows depth underwater with                     contours   f - Form lines: Circles to show mountains g - Spot heights: Cross or a dot showing where mountainsare              i - Pictorially - Drawings of hills, mountains, etc.j - Land forms - Rock drawings to show mountains drawn to scalek - Bathymetry, isolines - Shows depth underwater by colorsz- Other relief types

Fixed field: Mat t (Type of cartographic material)

• a - Single mapb - Map seriesc - Map seriald - Globee - Atlas

006 and 007

• 006 for electronic resource for digital maps

• 006 for book aspects of atlases (if there is substantial text in an atlas)

• 007 for maps, digital maps and atlases. Always add 007 when the Type code is “e”. This means digital maps will have a map 007 and an electronic resource 007.

245

• Title proper: Maps may have several titles.Take 245 title from actual map.When map is folded there might be an alternate title. This is called a panel title.246 1 $i Panel title: $a

• General material designation (GMD):[cartographic material]. Library of Congress does not use GMDs for cartographic materials; should not be input into OCLC.

245

• Prefer title closest to actual cartographic data.

• Some maps have insets with unique titles or additional maps on the verso.

• Envelopes or containers will often bear a title that differs from that on chief source of information

• Note these different titles and provide added title access

245

• Phrases such as Compliments of ..., Courtesy of ..., or Prepared for ... are treated as part of the statement of responsibility. Phrases such as Distributed by ..., Available from ..., etc. are distribution statements and are included in the publication, distribution, etc. area. Bodies which appear to be sponsoring bodies, but appear without any such attribution as Compliments of ... are incorporated into the statement of responsibility or publication, distribution, etc. area, whichever seems most appropriate.

• Copyright statements are not transcribed as statements of responsibility, but may be recorded in a note if considered important.

250

• Note edition statements:

• 250 $a 4th large scale ed.

• 250 $a New census

• 250 $a 3rd rev. concise ed.

255: Scale• 034 - Coded cartographic material data - Data must also be entered in

textual form in field 255. Scale is always given in a representational fraction. If only the verbal scale is given, it should be translated.

1st indicator : 0 Scale indeterminable/No scale given1 Single scale3 Range of scales (This is used only if scale varies on a single map)

$a category of scale - a - Linear scaleb - Angular scale (Used for celestial charts)z - Other

Examples of 034 and 255

No scale given034; 0 ;$a a255 $a Scale not given.

255: Scale

• Scale given is 1:700,000034 1 $a a $b 700000255 $a Scale 1:700,000.

• Two scales are given: 1:700,000 and 1:200,000034 1 $a a $b 700000034; 1 $a a $b 200000255 $a Scale 1:700,000.255 $a Scale 1:200,000.

More than 2 scales given034 0 $a a255 $a Scales varies.

255: Scale• $a Statement of scale

– 255 $a Scale 1:24,000.– 255 $a Scale [ca.1:63,360].

• $b Statement of projection– 255 $a Scale not given ; $b Conic equidistant proj.

• $c Statement of coordinates– 255 $a Scale 1:250,000 ; $b Transverse Mercator proj. Everest

spheroid $c (W 74°50´ --W 74°40´/N 45°05´--N 45°00´).– 255 $a Scale 1:7,500,000 $c (W 125°--W 65°/N 49°--N 25°).

• $d Statement of zone– The statement of zone for celestial charts.– 255 $a Scales vary $d (Zones +90° to +81° to 63°, -81° to 98° ; $e eq.

1950).• $e Statement of equinox

– The statement of equinox or epoch. – 255 $a Scale not given $d (RA 0 hr. to 24 hr./Decl. +90° to -90° ; $e

eq. 1980).

255: Scale

• Convert statement scales to numeric. As a rule there are 63,360 inches in a mile. If map states 1 inch = 4 miles, multiply 63,360 x 4 = 253,440. Record as Scale [1:253,440]

260

• Transcribe information that appears on the item as full or partial publication statements in the publication, distribution, etc. area, without brackets. Even if such information must appear elsewhere in the description (e.g., as part of a necessary statement of responsibility or a quoted note), the information still appears in the publication, distribution, etc. area without brackets.

• Since it is often difficult to determine whether information on an item is presented as a full or partial publication statement, use judgment in making this distinction. Presentation of the information in connection with another function (e.g., printing, drafting, distribution, etc.) is usually taken as evidence that the information is not publication information

260• A date that is presented as either a date of publication or

copyright is transcribed as such according to the rules, regardless of whether the date appears elsewhere in the description.

• A date is transcribed as a copyright date only if it appears on the item with either the word copyright, or the copyright symbol. Phrases such as Registered with the clerk of the court ..., All rights reserved ..., or Deposited with the Librarian of Congress ... are not statements of copyright. A date associated with such phrases are not considered a date of publication or a copyright date, although the date may be used as the basis for an inferred date of publication.

• Supplied dates are always bracketed.• When the date of publication is taken from a copyright

records, the actual date of publication is preferred to the date of creation or the date of registration.

260• Date - Inferred Dates: If no publication date, copyright date, or printing date

is given on the item, a publication date can often be inferred from other dates or information appearing on the item. An inferred date is enclosed in square brackets and may be questioned if there is doubt whether it is the actual publication date.

• The date can be inferred from:• the title proper, other title information, or variant title:

– Title: 1980 official highway map– Publication date: [1980]

• the statement of responsibility; – Statement of responsibility: prepared by the Dept. of Lands and Surveys,

1978– Publication date: [1978]

• the edition statement; – Edition statement: rev. 1975– Publication date: [1975]– Edition statement: 1979-80 ed.– Publication date: [1979]

260

• a printer or publisher’s code; – Code on CIA map: 503821 6-78– Publication date: [1978]– Code on United Nations map: CART-M-74-3– Publication date: [1974]

• other information appearing elsewhere on the item. – Statistical data in text: ... 1975 estimated population ...– Publication date: [1975?]– Text on map: ...freeway to open fall 1980 ...– Publication date: [1980?]

260• However, the date should not be inferred from:• date of geodetic control;

– 1927 North American datum • date of magnetic declination;

– 1975 magnetic north declination• dates of boundaries;

– ... cease-fire lines as of 1967– ... international boundaries as of Sept. 1, 1939

• dates in base map statements.– ...based on the 1972 Forest Service class A map– ...base map prepared by U.S. Geological Survey in 1969

• A date of publication may be inferred form the acquisition stamp. The reasoning used is the same as above. The date is therefore questioned. (An item is inferred to be published in the current year.)

300

• The physical description consists of the number of items, color (if any), material (if other than paper), mounting (if any), and size. 

Atlases - Are described like a book300 $a 1 atlas (xv, 415 p.) : $b col. ill., col. maps ; $c 35 cm.

300

• Dimensions for mapsGive in $c height by width in centimeters, measuring between the neat lines.Neat lines - the innermost of a series of lines that frame the map.Should usually measure the map and not the sheet. If the map is too irregular to determine the size, the sheet may be measured.

If a map is intended to be folded include the dimensions of the map and the size folded.

• 300 $a 1 map : $b col. ; $c 70 x 82 cm. folded to 21 x 12 cm.

300• Dimensions for atlases

Measure atlases according to the rules for books.

Dimensions for globesGive the diameter of a globe300 $a 1 globe : $b col., plastic, on metal stand ; $c 12 cm. in diam.

ContainersOptional: Add the description and dimensions of the container if deemed important.300 $a 1 globe : $b col., wood, on metal stand ; $c 20 cm. in diam. in box 40 x 12 x 12 cm.

300 $a 1 map : $b col. ; $c 200 x 350 cm. folded to 20 x 15 cm. in plastic case 25 x 20 cm.

Notes

• The first notes are unique to maps. They show:– additional content of the map not found in the title,– justification for the date of situation in the call number,

and– relief on main map (AACR2 3.7B1 and MCM p. 3.6-

3.12)• Kinds of relief include:

– contours satellite imagery– form lines gradient tints– spot heights hachures– shading pictorial– Soundings landforms

Examples:

• Relief shown by contours, shading, and hachures.

• Relief shown pictorially and by spot heights.• Depths shown by contours and gradient tints.• Relief shown pictorially and by spot height.

Depths shown by gradient tints.• Relief shown pictorially. Sounding in feet.• Relief shown by contours and shading. Depths

shown by contours.

Notes• Language: provide information on language(s) if more than one

language is present.– 041 1 $a fre $b eng– 546 $a In French with legend in English.

• Give the source of the title proper whenever it is not taken from the recto of the map, namely, when it is taken from the verso, cover, panel, or accompanying text. (MCM p. 3.14 - p. 3.18)– 500 $a Panel title.– 500 $a Title from external envelope.– 500 $a Title supplied by cataloger.

• A statement of responsibility note may contain the name of the copyright holder if an access point is needed. (MCM p. 2.2 and p. 5.2)– 500 $a City map copyrighted by Azle Chamber of

Commerce."

Notes

• Orientation (MCM 3.23)– 500 $a Oriented with north to [left, bottom, or right] or,– 500 $a Oriented with north toward [the upper left, the

lower right, etc.]• Physical Description: notes on details that affect

use but are not included in 300– 500 $a Printed on both sides of sheet, dissected and

laminated.– 500 $a Has watermark in shape of anchor.

• Contents– The order of the notes in this area is very specific:

recto, verso, cover. (MCM p. 3.30)

Three Types of Cartographic Electronic Resources:

• Scanned images of maps – A map is a representation, normally to scale and on a flat medium, of a

selection of material or features on the surface of the Earth.– Scanning involves capturing images from hardcopy sources. Maps are

usually scanned on large-format colour scanners.• Electronic atlases

– An atlas is a systematically arranged collection of maps. It is distinguished from other collections of maps primarily by the publisher’s or compiler’s intent that the work by used like a book and shelved in the form as issued.

– An electronic atlas may be the digital counterpart to a traditional paper atlas, or it may be interactive, allowing users to manipulate the data.

• Geospatial data– “Geospatial data are information about the shape and location of

objects on the Earth’s surface that can be manipulated in desktop mapping or in geographic information systems (GIS) programs (e.g., ArcView, ArcInfo, MapInfo, Intergraph) to perform geographic analysis and produce maps.”

Published vs. Commercial

• “Published” electronic resource = available and/or accessible to the public.

• Includes commercially available packages, data, etc., or files that may be downloaded and/or accessed via the Internet.

• Non-commercial geospatial data are often distributed on CD-ROMs without any special packaging.

What is a cartographic electronic resource?

• Emphasis on cartographic material.

• Textual material is secondary and serves mainly to support and explain the cartographic content.

• Code the Leader/06 (Type of Record) character position “e” for Cartographic material.

Coding the Fixed Fields

• LC adds an 008 for maps and an 007 for computer files.• Can also add an 006 for computer files and an 007 for

maps.• Relief is usually blank for No relief shown.• Projection indicates the projection used in producing the

item. • Type of cartographic material indicates the type

described in the bibliographic record. LC uses only “a” - Single map or “b” - Map series.

• Government publication indicates whether the item is published or produced by or for a government agency.

Coding the Fixed Fields

• Form of item indicates the form of material for the item. s - Electronic

• Index indicates whether the item or accompanying material includes a location index or gazetteer. 0 - No index 1 - Index present

• Special format characteristics indicates the special format characteristics of the map.Usually give as blank.

006--Computer Files/Electronic Resources

• Form of material is “m” - Computer file/Electronic resource

• Type of computer file is usually “c” for Representational or “m” for Combination.

• Representational = pictorial or graphic information that can be manipulated in conjunction with other types of files to produce graphic patterns that can be used to interpret and give meaning to the information.

• Government publication

007--Electronic Resource

• $a Category of material is “c” - Electronic resource• $b Specific material designation is “o” - Optical disc• $d Color is

– a - One color– b - Black-and-white– c - Multicolored

• $e Dimensions is “g” - 4 3/4 in. or 12 cm.• $f Sound is

– # - No sound (silent)– a - Sound on medium

007--Map

• $a Category of material is “a” - Map• $b Specific material designation:

– d - Atlas– j - Map– r - Remote-sensing image (An image produced by a

recording device that is not in physical or intimate contact with the object under study. Remote-sensing devices include cameras, lasers, radiometers, scanners, radar systems, sonar, and scintillation counters used at a distance (as from aircraft, spacecraft, or ship)).

007--Map

• $d Color – a - One color– c - Multicolored

• $e Physical medium indicates the material out of which the item is made.– Consider coingde this with a fill character because

digital maps do not exist on a physical medium. – | - No attempt to code

• $f Type of reproduction indicates whether the item is a facsimile or other type of reproduction.– n - Not applicable

007--Map

• $g Production/reproduction details indicates the photographic technique used to produce the item. z - Other

• %h Positive/negative aspect indicates the positive/negative polarity of the photocopy or film. n - Not applicable

General Material Designation

• GMD for digital maps.

• LC policy to use [electronic resource], so that the GMD matches the physical description of the record. LC never uses [cartographic material]

034--Coded Cartographic Mathematical Data

• Coded form of the cartographic mathematical data contained in field 255.

• 034 1 $a a |b 100000 with• 255 $a Scale 1:100,000.• 034:0 $a a with • 255 $a Scale not given.• 034 1 $a a $b 253440 $d E0790000 $e

E0860000 $f N0200000 $g N0120000 with • 255 $a Scale 1:253,440 $c (E 79°--E 86°/N

20°--N 12°).

043, 045

• 043--Geographic Area Code is not used for maps.

• 045--Time Period of Content is used by LC to represent the date of map situation, the date portrayed by the map.

• Date of situation is considered to be of almost equal importance to the geographic and subject content of the map, and is included as part of the item’s call number.

255--Cartographic Mathematical Data

• For electronic resources, give the scale if the resource has a scale statement or if the scale is already recorded as part of the title. Otherwise, give Scale not given.

• If the main maps in a cartographic item are of more than one scale, give Scales differ.

• If all of the main maps in a cartographic item are of two scales, give both scales in separate scale statements. If there are more than two scales, give Scales differ.

5xx--Notes

• 500 Source of title proper. This note is required for electronic resources. The chief source of information for cartographic electronic resources is the resource itself.

• For commercial publications on CD-ROM, usually give Title from disc label.

5xx--Notes

• 516 Type of computer file or data note. A general descriptor that characterizes a file (e.g., text, computer program, numeric).

• Specific information such as the form or genre of textual material (e.g., biography, indexes) also may be included.

• Add if the nature of the item is not apparent from the rest of the description.

5xx--Notes

• 530 - Additional Physical Form Available Note. Example: Also available in print version and online via the GLERL home page.

65x--Subjects

• Currently no way to indicate a scanned map is in digital form. LC uses 653 (Index term - uncontrolled) Maps--Digital.

• Don’t use $v Databases.

• Digital mapping is for works ABOUT digital mapping, not for actual digital maps.

• Don’t use 650 Geographic information systems $v Maps.