December 4, 2015 Objective: SWBAT define mercantilism and

capitalism. Also, SWBAT define revolution and determine why revolution is necessary.– Exploration Essays – DUE TODAY

• Highlight your thesis, lines of reason, and evidence used

– Impacts of Global Trade: Review 13.6 w/Harmon

– Parts of a revolution – Seven Years’ War – why important?

HW: This weekend you need to READ and TAKE NOTES on 15.2 – quiz Monday.

December 7, 2015 – a day that lives in “infamy”…what do you think infamy means?

OBJECTIVE: SWBAT define revolution.– Review the LOCPRTS of a

revolution– Review 15.2 – Test the American

Rev. to LOCPRTS– Matrix of Revolutions – Due

Friday– Current Event: “Revolution” –

Due Friday

Exit: Define Revolution HW: Take notes 15.3

The state of being well known for some bad quality or deed.

Mercantilism vs. Capitalism Mercantilism –

– a race to stockpile gold/silver/other resources– Emphasis placed on EXPORTS and limit IMPORTS– System of colonies emerge in 1600 & 1700s

Capitalism – private ownership of production & distribution of goods– Not the country producing things– Markets establish the price– Adam Smith: His Laws of Supply/Demand & Competition

THE 7 CAUSES OF REVOLUTION How do you remember?

LOC PRTS = “LOCK PARTS” 1. LEADER/MARTYR (usually the leader of

the ‘rebels’ who desire power) 2. OPPRESSORS (those in power usually

acting with TOTAL control) 3. CAUSE (some form of injustice) 4. PROPAGANDA (information to spread the

message of revolt) 5. RESOURCES (followers/people, weapons,

money) 6. TIMING – (like most events in history,

timing is everything) 7. SPARK – (this is typically violent) What results? LASTING CHANGE, otherwise there was no revolution.

The Causes of the American Revolution

•Who were the leaders/martyrs?• •Who were the oppressors?

•What was/were the cause(s)?

•What kind of propaganda was used? •Resources? Who supported the cause?•Timing – why was this the right time?•What was the “spark” that started the war?

December 14, 2015 – What is Political Revolution?

15.4 Revolutions in Latin AmericaAfter Columbus, Spain “claims” a number of areas in Central/South America

– Treaty of Tordesillas – Portugal

Haiti - 1791– Inspired by French Rev– Sugar/Coffee plantations– Slaves outnumbered

whites significantly– Mixed (bi-racial) were

prevented from having rights

Haiti - 1791 French colony of Saint-Domingue Sugar/Coffee plantations Mixed (bi-racial) were prevented from having rights Leader: Toussaint L’Overture Oppressors – Leaders of Saint-Domingue (French whites) Causes: three tiered system: whites, mulattos, slaves…racism…taxes Resources: black, mulatto slaves outnumbered the French (whites)

by 10:1. Defeated Napoleon’s forces and local governors Outcome: first black republic in modern history, named Haiti

South America

French Rev video part 1

All questions are TRUE/FALSE1.In 1789, most European Kings would have claimed that their right to rule came from God.

2.The “three estates” were the three largest palaces of the French Kings.

3.Many of the leaders of the “Enlightenment” tried to promote scientific thinking.

4.The National Assembly was the government of France at the time of the storming of the Bastille.

5.Before the French Revolution, nobles in France paid no taxes.

French Rev video part 2

All questions are TRUE/FALSE1.Most members of the Jacobin club supported the “Reign of terror”.

2.King Louis XVI was executed shortly after France’s Frist Republic was declared.

3.The Committee for Public Safety worked to end excessive use of the guillotine.

4.President Washington decided to help France in its wars with other European nations.

5.The French Revolution ended when Napoleon seized power.

January 9, 2015 – TGIF!!

“I may not agree with what you have to say, but I'll defend to the death your right to say it.”

-Voltaire

QUESTION? - Do people have the right to say or draw something even if it may offend/anger other people?Today:

1.Charlie Hebdo

2.French Rev video from John Green ~ See link on web site

Exit: SUMMARIZE THE FRENCH REVFrench Rev quiz/test next week – block day 2

December 8, 2015 - PLEASE TAKE DOWN ANY ITEMS ON THE WALLS

OBJECTIVE: What makes a revolution worth fighting?1. Review 15.2 & 15.3 w/Mr. Harmon

2. Watch the French Rev video from John Green

3. Search “American revolution compared to French Revolution”

4. Make a “T-chart” to show the similarities/differences between the 2 revolutions – this will be “graded”

Exit: SUMMARIZE THE FRENCH REV AND ITS CAUSES

The French RevolutionThe French Revolution

From Louis XVI - Napoleon

Setting the Stage 1788 King Louis XVI needs cash

– France bankrupt • Fighting the British during the 7 Years War

(French and Indian War)• Supported America during the American

Revolution• Upkeep on Palace of Versailles

Background Causes

04/21/23 14

SocialPolitical

Economic

Louis Calls the Estates-General

Estates General– Similar to Parliament– Representatives from each of the 3 classes of

French society1st Estate - Clergy

2nd Estate - Nobles

3rd Estate – Everyone else- bourgeoisie - artists, farmers,

Peasants, city workers etc

Estates General

1st Estate has 300 members and one vote 2nd Estate has 300 members and one vote 3rd Estate has 600 members and one vote

– How do you feel about this if you are in the 3rd Estate???

– WHY?

Demand for Change

3rd Estate wants to change voting procedures.– Want to establish a National Assembly where

EACH representative has a vote.

King Louis XVI’s Response

Get the idea??

NADA!!! No!!, No Way!!! Aint gonna

happen!!!, Forgetaboutit!!! Nope!!! Uh-uh!!! Not on my watch!!! Not here, not

now, not ever!!!

3rd Estate Response

June 1789 -Representatives meet on an indoor tennis court and pledged that they would not leave until the king agrees to their demands– “The Tennis Court Oath”

• Like a big “sit in”

Embarrassing situation for the king– Why?

King finally agrees Establishment of The National Assembly

Bastille Day – July 14, 1789 July 1788 French farmers, peasants do not have

enough to eat and are paying high taxes– Nobles out of touch (Marie Antoinette supposedly

says, “Let them eat cake” – she never really said that.)– People can not afford food

Peasants getting a bit rowdy Louis XVI starts assembling troops at Versailles People fear he is planning to attack the new

National Assembly and arrest members

Bastille Day continued People in Paris hear

about the troops– Begin to riot. – July 14, 1789 - Attack

the Bastille – fortress prison in Paris.

• Seen as a symbol of Kings power

• People storm the prison, free the prisoners, take guns and ammo.

– That’s the Bastille

Then

Now

The BastilleThen

Declaration of the Rights of Man National Assembly votes to

eliminate all classes, titles, nobility.– Say nobles and clergy must pay

taxes too

Serves as a basis for French Constitution

What about women?– Write their own Declaration of

the Rights of Woman and citizen

“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”

December 9, 2015 - PLEASE TAKE DOWN ANY ITEMS ON THE WALLS

OBJECTIVE: What makes a revolution worth fighting?1. Review 15.2 & 15.3 w/Mr. Harmon

2. Make a graphic organizer to show the similarities/differences between the 2 revolutions – this will be “checked” by me

3. Finish the French Rev video from John Green

4. Search “American revolution compared to French Revolution”

Exit: SUMMARIZE THE FRENCH REV AND ITS CAUSES

Revolution gets out of hand

Riots soon spread to countryside– Peasants attack nobles in their houses. Kill

many nobles– Nobles and Clergy living in fear

• “A Tale of Two Cities” is set in this time period

Revolution Getting out of Control

King Louis XVI attempts to flee the country with his wife Marie Antoinette

Captured and brought back Radicals (Jacobins) getting more say in

how the government should be run

We better

stop this

This is getting out

of hand

They killed their

King!!!

This is not

good

1792-1793 Other nations of Europe worry that revolution in France will spread to their countries.

Other nations invade France

– Austria, Prussia (Germany), Spain, Britain, wage war on France.

– French fight them off

Radicals in France gain even more power

Radicals Gain Control Maxmilian Robespierre and

the “Committee for Public Safety”– Begin hunting down all those

seen as a threat to the Revolution

– 1793 Louis and Marie sent to the guillotine

“Reign of Terror”

– “Reign of Terror” Begins• Around 30,000

people eventually sent to the guillotine

• Nobles, peasants, workers - anyone Robespierre saw as a threat to the revolution

End of Reign of Terror 1794 – National

Convention feels Robespierre has gone over the line– He is arrested, tried,

convicted and executed– Don’t you just love the irony

of it all???

Impact of the Revolution Monarchy is gone Old feudal customs are gone Slavery in French colonies abolished

France becomes democratic country– The Directory

• 2 house legislature and committee of 5 Directors

– Inefficient, quarrelsome, – It does not really work

France has LARGE, experienced army– Rising young star in that army – Napoleon Bonaparte

January 8, 2015

“I may not agree with what you have to say, but I'll defend to the death your right to say it.”

-VoltaireQUESTION OF THE DAY – Do people have the right to say or draw something even if it may offend/anger other people?Would you be willing to revolt for the freedom of speech?STATIONS BABY!!! (work with at least one other person)

1.CNN student news2.Go over vocab answers & terms – which would/could you use in discussing the French Rev3.French Rev video “Part II”: answer quiz questions4.French Rev video from John Green ~ See link on web site

Exit: SUMMARIZE THE FRENCH REV

December 11, 2015 – TGIF!!!! OBJECTIVE: What is REVOLUTION? ESSAY: In-class write, next Friday…Choose

ONE of the revolutions from chapter 15 and write an EXPOSITORY essay which addresses the “LOC PRTS”1. Show me your graphic organizer of 15.2 & 15.3 2. Show me your MATRIX3. Watch videos linked to my site - optional4. “Dead Guys on a stick”

1. Get a Dead Guy2. Research their Revolution from the book3. Cut out and glue face to card stock4. Put Dead Guy on Stick5. Write Summary of their revolution as a “speech bubble”6. Give to Mr. Harmon to Read

Exit: DEFINE Revolution

FRENCH REV SUMMARY1. What are 3 causes of the French Revolution (think 3

letter from GPECTS)?

2. Why did the 3rd estate try to establish a “National Assembly”?

3. What was the tennis court oath?

4. Why did peasants “storm the Bastille” on July 14, 1789?

5. Why did the King of France try to escape France?

6. Who was Maximillian Robespierre?

7. What was the Reign of Terror?

8. What was the guillotine? What was it used for?

9. Who was Napoleon and what did he do for France?

10.Was the French Revolution really a revolution?

• Columbian exchange leads to Spain’s dominance in new world – hello, Conquistadors

• Balboa – Pacific Ocean• Magellan – first to navigate around world• Cortes – takes over major empires• Amerigo Vespucci – discovers what we know is America

• Home country vs. Colony – “paternalism”…the beginnings of colonization or imperialism

• Portugal claims Brazil – Treaty of Tordesillas• Spain (and to a far less degree Portugal, England, France) holds on for

about 300 years, until Revolution….• Haiti In 1791, inspired by the French Revolution, slaves in the French

colony of Saint-Domingue revolted. • Major crops were sugar, coffee, bananas• Slaves (non-whites) far outnumbered the French whites of the island• 3 classes: whites, mulattos (bi-racial), and slaves – what does this

remind you of?• Inspired by French Revolution and the ideas of enlightenment• Leader – Toussaint L’Ouverture – joins the slave rebels and helps

defeat troops sent by Napoleon in 1804• Bloody and violent, Haiti become free and first black republic.

Revolution in the Spanish Colonies After the Haitian Revolution, whites (think Europeans) feared that rebellions might arise among the lower classes of Indians, enslaved Africans, and people of mixed ancestryThe minority white population dominated politically (power to create, control and enforce laws – that’s not “liberty” or “equality)Creoles were American-born (think Caribbean) descendants of Spanish (or French) colonistsPeninsulares were Spanish-born settlersA series of Creole-led revolutions resulted in the founding of new nations throughout Spanish America.The Spanish took the right to rule their own areas away from the Creoles and entrusted important political and military positions to the peninsulares and generally snubbed the Creoles In 1808, French forces under Napoleon invaded and occupied Spain, severing the link between Spain and its colonies. Many Creoles saw this as an opportunity to restore their position in colonial society—both political and economic. Spanish territories in the New World were called viceroyalties. New Granada and Rio de la Plata were two of those areas.

San Martín in Río de la Plata •Royalists (Loyalists in America) vs. Patriots (Rebels)•In 1816, patriot groups within the viceroyalty joined together to form the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata and declared their independence from Spain.•Buenos Aires new country’s capital. •The patriots realized that their country could not be secure until the Spanish had been driven from power throughout the continent•Peru (remember the Incas?) had to be conquered. •In 1817, patriot leader José de San Martín formed and trained an army in Río de la Plata. It included blacks, mulattos, and mestizos •He led this 4,000-man “Army of the Andes on a bold mission against royalist forces in Peru. •Over four years, San Martin marched through Chile and eventually conquered Peru•In July 1821, San Martín declared Peru independent. •In order to secure independence, San Martín decided to consult with another great patriot commander, Simón Bolívar. Bolívar in New Granada •Simon Bolívar was a wealthy Creole and had led the revolution in New Granada (Venezuela)•For his success in freeing various regions, he received the title “The Liberator.” •He was defeated in 815 by a large army sent from Spain and force to flee. •He sailed to Haiti, which provided him the resources needed to continue the fight for independence . •In 1819, Bolívar changed his strategy. He engaged in guerrilla warfare, living off the land and making quick, hit-and-run strikes against the enemy (exactly what American colonist did to defeat the British). •Bolívar’s army now consisted of not only Creoles but also a number of British and Irish troops and, for the first time, mulattos.•In the spring of 1819, Bolívar launched a surprise attack on the Spanish force. •In May 1822, had brought independence to New Granada.

Resistance to Revolution in Peru and Mexico •In July 1822, Bolívar and San Martín met in Ecuador. There San Martín decided to step aside and let Bolívar take the lead in the effort to liberate Peru. •Bolívar and his army accomplished this task in a series of battles starting in August 1824. By April 1825, he had tracked down and defeated the remaining royalist forces in the region then called Upper Peru. The nation formed from Upper Peru would rename itself Bolivia in honor of their Liberator.

• Mexico, like Peru, remained staunchly loyal to Spain. • Peninsulares there ran the government and blocked attempts by Creoles to introduce liberal

reforms. • In 1810, a radical Creole priest, Miguel Hidalgo, called for independence. He inspired a

nationalist uprising of Indians and mestizos across the Mexican countryside. • Their goal was to force the Spanish out of Mexico.• Hidalgo’s followers killed many peninsulares and destroyed much property. • The independence movement threatened to become a social revolution. Fearing that, many

Creoles joined Mexico’s royalist army. • The army finally overpowered the rebel forces and executed Hidalgo (can you say MARTYR?)

and his successor, José María Morelos. But the movement for independence did not die.• In 1821, in an unexpected turnabout, Creole soldiers conducted a successful coup d’état

against their Spanish officers. • They achieved independence and the promise of a constitutional monarchy.• The former royalist Agustín de Iturbide, declared himself emperor. His reign lasted less than a

year, as Mexicans from across the political spectrum opposed him. • Mexico remained unstable in the years that followed, as political, economic, and social ills

plagued the country. Brazil • Napoleon’s invasion of Portugal in 1807 did not set off a major uprising in Brazil, a Portuguese

colony. • It did, however, cause a reversal in the relationship between the mother country and the

colony. The French army’s conquest of Portugal forced the nation’s royal family to flee to Brazil. They arrived in the city of Rio de Janeiro in March 1808, along with thousands of members of their court.

• The Portuguese ruler enacted economic reforms that pleased Brazil’s privileged class and helped keep liberal-minded Brazilians in check. Brazil quickly became the political center of the Portuguese empire. When the king finally returned to Portugal in 1821, he put his son, Dom Pedro, in charge of the colony. The following year, faced with growing calls for political reform by republicans, Dom Pedro declared Brazil’s independence.