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CURRICULUM VITAE Alvin J.M. Smucker Professor of Soil Biophysics Voice: 517/353-0478 Director MSU SWRT Fax: 517/355-0270 Dept. of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences E-mail: smucker@msu.edu 1066 Bogue Street Michigan State University Website: http://www.psm.msu.edu/people/alvin_smucker East Lansing, MI 48824 Education: 1965 B.S. Goshen College (Indiana), Biology 1969 M.S. Michigan State University, Soil Science 1971 Ph.D. Michigan State University, Soil Physics Primary Research Interests:

• Field water retention technologies for maximum yields with minimum irrigation water

• Synchrotron evaluations of soil pore geometries within stable aggregates • Microtomographic quantification of intra-aggregate porosity • Soil C contributions to soil aggregate formation, function and stability • Water quality in belowground plumes of riparian landscapes • Phytoremediation of soil toxins vadose zone rhizospheres

Professional Experiences 2012-present Director of MSU Global Subsurface Water Retention Technology (SWRT) 2008-present Alexander von Humboldt Research Award, Professorship, Kiel, Germany 2008 – 2012 Professor of Soil Physics, Beijing Forest University, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China 2004-2007 Alexander von Humboldt Research Award Professorship, Kiel, Germany (Sabbatical) 2001-present Visiting Chair Professor of Soil Science, Scottish Agriculture College 1999-2005 Visiting Research Soil Scientist, Argonne National Laboratories 1999-05 Co-Director, National Needs Water Sciences Graduate Fellows at MSU 1998 Visiting Research Soil Scientist, Argonne National Laboratories

(Sabbatical) 1987-1988 Visiting Root Physiologist, CSIRO Fellow, Perth, W. Australia

(Sabbatical) 1983-present Professor, Michigan State University 1979-1980 Visiting Associate Professor, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison (Sabbatical) 1977-1983 Associate Professor, Michigan State University 1974-1977 Assistant Professor, Michigan State University 1971-1974 Soil Science Professor, Soil Science Department, Argentine Graduate

School of Agricultural Sciences (MSU-USAID), Castellar

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1967 Soil Sciences Research, Michigan State University/Taiwan, Subsoil Asphalt Water Retention Technology

Awards: 2015 MSU Innovator of the Year Award for subsurface water retention technology (SWRT) 2010 Second Alexander von Humboldt Research Award: Soil Carbon Sequestration 2005 Distinguished Faculty Award, Michigan State University 2004 First Alexander von Humboldt Research Award: Soil Carbon Sequestration 2000 Senior Faculty Research Award, MSU Chapter of Sigma Xi Research Society 1998 Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science 1997 Fellow, Crop Science Society of America 1989 Fellow, American Society of Agronomy 1989 Fellow, Soil Science Society of America 1988 Peruvian Soil Science Distinguished Research Service Award 1988 Int’l Atomic Energy Agency Soil/Root Instruction Award 1988 President, MSU Chapter of Sigma Xi Research Society 1987 Distinguished MacMaster Research Fellow, CSIRO, Australia 1971 Co-Chair, Soil Science Department, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, INTA, Castellar, Argentina Memberships in 7 National and International Scientific Societies:

• 1976-present American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) • 1968-present Amer. Society of Soil Science (SSSA) • 1968-present Amer. Society of Agronomy (ASA) • 1979-02 Crop Sci. Society of Amer.(CSSA) • 1968-present Int’l. Soil Sci. Society (ISSS) • 1969-present Sigma Xi Research Society • 1986-present International Society of Root Research (ISRR)

Panel Reviews: USDA/NRICGP; NSF/Soil Processes, Managed Ecosystems; USAID /BARD/SBIR; NSF/Ecosystems/SBIR; USDA/CRDF; German DFG/DAAD; Switzerland NSF; Finland NAS; Italian NAS and FAO/IAEA Journal Reviews: Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J., J. Env. Qual., Vadose Zone J., Nature, Science, Soil Biol. and Biochem., Soil Science, Soil Ecology, Agron. J., Geoderma, Euphytica, Plant and Soil, Canadian J. Soil Science, Soil Tillage Res. J., European J. Soil Science, Australian J. Soil Science Environmental Soil Biophysics Research:

Primary Research Interests and Achievements: 1) Development of new subsoil water retention technology (SWRT) including mechanical installation of spatially distributed impermeable membranes in soils (US Patent 62,392,785) which doubles soil water holding capacity that increases crop production by 1.4 to 5.0-fold.

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2) Soil aggregate stability research has resulted in the first published reports of concentric gradients of C, cations, clays, and microbial colonies within macroaggregates from native forest, no tilled and conventionally tilled soils. 3) Biogeochemistry and biophysics of soil C sequestration by aggregates resulted in the first published unsaturated flux rates of soluble C into soil aggregates from different tillage treatments. 4) Computer imaging reports of intra-aggregate pore geometries and connectivities have led to improved modeling of DOC materials into macroaggregates. 5) Investigations of leguminous tree roots have resulted in the first published report of soil nitrification inhibition by epigallocatechins originating from leguminous roots. 6) Root responses to soil compaction resulted in the first publication of specific TMS exudates identified by mass spectroscopy. 7) Subsequent soil anaerobic stress research produced the first HPLC evaluations of picomolar amino acid profiles in xylem exudates. 8) Flux rates of heavy metals associated with seasonal soil water plumes surrounding the Red Cedar River on the MSU campus have led to improved modeling of heavy metal migration. 8) Additional collaborative research included the extraction of trace evidence from soils at crime scenes. 9) IRMS evaluations of mesofaunal contributions to below-ground food-chains among roots and microbes, mesofaunal bioassay verification for food safety of transgenic food crops. 10) Hydropneumatic elutriation of roots from mineral soils, and associated redistributions of plant photoassimilates due to accelerated root exudation processes in the rhizosphere. 11) Novel inventions from this soil biophysical research include the primary root washing technology for extracting roots and organic matter from soils (US Patent 4,478,710). 12) First website-based computer imaging processing of complex root systems. Both are used routinely by literally hundreds of scientists on 6 continents. www.rootimage.msu.edu Directed or co-directed research and/or instructional projects totaling $9.71 million. Participated in interdisciplinary and collaborative research projects totaling more than $30 million. Project director and/or PI of 3-5 research proposals annually. Federal, state and industry agencies generate annual operating budgets ranging from $140,000 to $857,000. Participant in collaborative 25-year NSF/Long Term Ecological Research, regional and international research programs. Publications: Author or co-author of more than 346 peer-reviewed journal articles, book chapters, conference proceedings, abstracts and research reports cited more than 3350 times. Refereed journals, book chapters, invited papers, abstracts and posters are listed below. H value of 36

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Patents: (4) Two patents have been licensed for commercial root separation processes (U.S. Patent No. 4,478,710 in 1984 and Canadian Patent No. 1,207,473 in 1986). The hydropneumatic elutriation system has become the global standard method of root extraction from soils for literally thousands of scientists in more than 25 countries. The third licensed patent is marketed as a trace evidence concentrator (TEC) of trace evidence at crime scenes for use by the forensic sciences. The next 25 patents for the SWRT installation equipment and membrane configuration include: US20130209172; US2011/056173; CA2812716A1; EP2627167A2; WO2012051430A2 and WO2012051430A3. First-time scientific discoveries by Smucker, et al:

• Soil anaerobiosis stimulated root exudate-mediated fungal infection mechanisms (Smucker and Erickson, 1976)

• Hydropneumatic elutriation separation of roots from mineral soils, more than 400 sold worldwide (Smucker, et al., 1982)

• Soil compaction modifications of seedling plant root penetration. This soil-core seeding test is used by many geneticists and numerous teaching laboratories. (Asady, et al., 1985).

• Website for root image processing laboratory (RIPL) with residue eliminators. Used by dozens of national and international scientists (Smucker, et al., 1987, Dowdy, et al.1998)

• Biogeochemical gradients between exterior to interior regions of soil aggregates (Santos, et al., 1997)

• Root recolonization of root induced micropores, the belowground explanation for the “rotation effect” (Rasse and Smucker, 1998)

• Inhibition of soil nitrification processes by natural legume root epigallocatechins (Erickson, et al., 2000).

• Non-invasive X-ray synchrotron micro-imaging and high speed 3D image rendering of internal pore networks within soil aggregates. (Albee, et al., 2001).

• Concentric soil tensile strength quantification by the soil erosion chambers (Park and Smucker, 2005)

• Saturated hydraulic conductivity flux rates within soil aggregates from tilled and non tilled agroecosystems (Park and Smucker, 2005)

• Flux rates of soluble C into macroaggregates control soil microbial community diversity. (Park, et al., 2006)

• Quantification of intra-aggregate pore geometries and connectivities. (Peth, et al., 2006, 2008)

• Subsurface water retention technologies (SWRT) for large and small holder farms increase water, nitrates, pesticides for prolonged periods of time (Smucker, et al., 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014)

Soil Science Teaching: (25%)

• Environmental Soil Biophysics; CSS 440 (more than 895 students have been enrolled since 1978)

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• Environmental Soil Physics; CSS 840 (8 to 15 students enrolled during odd years, more than 161 students have been enrolled since 1985)

• Soil Management and Environmental Impacts; CSS 310; (93 students from 2001 - 2004)

• Soil Physics; CSS 340: (232 students, 26 to 37 students per year, 2007 - 2013 • Developed New Research Option for Undergraduates; CSS 499, (2002-present),

Placed four courses on Blackboard and now Angel website teaching (2000-13). Published three journal articles for teaching plant root-soil interactions, and developed an Instructional Graphics Systems with IBM (1982)

• Major and Co- advisor to 28 graduate students (16 Ph.D. and 12 MS). Dr. Smucker has served on at least 126 graduate student mentoring committees from 11 Departments and 4 Colleges at MSU, Argentina, Australia, Finland, Germany, Nigeria, Scotland and Uganda.

• Hired, trained and mentored 82 undergraduate students in my soil biophysics and root image processing laboratories, approximately one-half were minority students during the period from 1975 to 2010.

• Mentor to at least 25 College Minorities in the Apprentice Program (MAP) and University High School Honors Science Program for Minorities (1985-2013).

• Eight Research Associates and at least 31 visiting scientists have conducted significant collaborative research in my lab, for durations ranging from 2 months to 3 years.

Service:

• Chair Departmental Promotion and Tenure Committee (2010) • University Committee on Faculty Tenure, Assoc. Chair (2007-2010) • MSU Faculty Affairs Committee, Budget Subcommittee chair, 2000/01 • President of MSU Chapter of Sigma Xi, 1986, served as chair awards, banquet,

and membership committees and treasurer 1980-94 • College Advisory Council: 1984/86, 1992/94, 1997/98; Chair in 1984/85 and 2002/03 • Dean’s strategic planning and staff planning committees: 1992-94 and 2000/01 • Department Advisory Committee, 1978/79, 1985/86, 2000/01 • Department Graduate Programs Committee: 1976/78, 1982/85, 1991/93, 1997, 2005/07; Chair in 1978/9 and 1982-84 • All University Electron Microscope Equipment Committee: 1982-1985 • Search committees for 7 new faculty in departments and college: 1974-06 • Numerous research and journal review panels at MSU, state, federal and international agencies listed above • Served on 7 junior faculty mentoring committees in three departments, chair of two assistant and associate • Served on a variety of community committees: local church boards, high school budget review, international NGO boards and community agencies. • International soils consultant to ICRISAT, ICRAF, FAO, OECD, and Wycliffe Associates, 1974 to present

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International Activities:

• Alexander von Humboldt Research Award, Multiple Universities in Germany (2010-2013) • Alexander von Humboldt Research Award, University of Kiel, Germany, 2003-06 • Visiting Chair Professor at Scottish Agricultural College, Edinburgh, Scotland, 2001-present • Mentor to 24 international graduate and undergraduate students from 17 countries • Soil Science Department co-chair and assistant professor of soil science for MSU Graduate School in Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1971-74 • Signed Memoranda of Understanding and/or conducted significant research programs between MSU and 6 international research and teaching institutions in Argentina, Australia, Austria, China, Germany, India, Kenya, Nigeria, Peru, Scotland, Taiwan and Uganda • Garnered at least $500,000 of collaborative research, workshop, and instructional programs presented invited seminars in 31 countries • Board member of Associates in Rural Enterprise Development (ARED), an international NGO, 1994 - 2003 • Vice president of International Society of Root Research (ISRR)1994-2012. • Executive Secretary, ISRR, 2012 to present • Board member of DevCorps International (2008 – present)

International Collaboration: 1967 to present research papers on soil biophysical

stresses, water and ion flux, and root C strengthening of soil aggregates. Consulted and coordinated research projects in at least 44 countries.

Representative presentations and projects: 2014 Presented 4 invited and 22 volunteer seminars, posters at 12 national and

international conferences in 4 countries, before farming, business, banking, government, and investor groups

2013 Presented at least 24 oral PPT communications to scientific and academic communities, business and farming groups

2008-12 Lectured and presented laboratory exercises to 50 Turfgrass Management Students in China

2006-11 Soil C sequestration by soil aggregation processes in Germany, Scotland and Uganda

2005 Invited seminars and keynotes in Budapest, Hungary; Lublin, Poland; and Vienna, Austria

2004 Keynote presentation, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation annual meeting, Bonn, Germany 2003 Keynote presentations and consultant to OECD, Ismir and Turkey Soil Sci. Soc. Society, Cannakale, Turkey and to the ILTER in Nice, France. 2002 Keynote address to International Society of Root Research Conf., Kyoto, Japan

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2002 Coordinated and presented keynote paper for Soil C Sequestration Conference in Agro-Forestry Workshop, ICRAF, Nairobi,Kenya 2001 Keynote address to DFG Soil C Sequestration Conference, Wittenberg, Germany 2000 Annual lectures, research projects in soil C sequestration, Edinburgh and Aberdeen, Scotland 1999-01 Soil C accumulations in rhizospheres of agro-forestry project, ICRAF, Nairobi, Kenya 1998 Consultant and seminars for soil C sequestration in root zones of vineyards in Stallenbach, S. Africa 1999 Keynote paper to the Finnish Soil Science Society annual conference, Helsinki, Finnland 1996-99 USAID Soil C and N research and three invited papers in agroforestry systems in Africa Conferences, IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria 1987-88 Root research of soil C and N, at CSIRO and University of W. Australia in Perth, Australia 1987 Keynote address, Australian Society of Plant Physiology, Perth, W. Australia 1985&87 Root C, nutrients, and water quantification in agroforestry, ICRISAT, Hydrabad, India 1985 Taught courses and consulted on soil and root science methods, IAEA/FAO, Stallenbach, Austria 1980 NSF Soil-Plant-Animal Continuum Nutrient Project in Lima, Peru 1971-74 Presented 6 graduate soil science courses, conducted research on no till, and mentored 5 graduate students on soil research projects, INTA, Castellar, Argentina 1973 Research consultant and graduate education consultant in Argentina, Brazil,

Chile, Paraguay, Peru, Columbia, and Uruguay 1967 Seven month research assignment on water retention by soils treated by

asphalt barriers for rice and sugar cane production, Taiwan Sugar Corporation, Tainan

New Instrument Developments and Discoveries:

• Designed first HPLC and associated protocols that identified nano and picomole quantities of amino acids in plant and soil extracts

• Designed and developed hydropneumatic elutriation system for separating plant roots from mineral soils, patented and purchased by at least 200 labs.

• Expanded the elutriation system for crime scene use in the forensic sciences • Developed new model of Soil Aggregate Erosion (SAE) chamber in

collaboration with Peak Industries, Dearborn, MI. These have become commercially available and are being sold world wide.

• Expanded and converted the educational RHIZOGEN model that develops 2D graphic root growth displays to soil compaction, soil water and soil fertility from DOS to Windows environments.

• Developed and commercialized the multiple tiered barrier installation device (MTBID) that installed contoured engineered polyethylene membranes (CEPEM) for the subsurface water retention technology (SWRT)

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Administration: • Co-Director of MSU Water Sciences Fellows Program: This program includes

writing proposals in the amounts of $210K to $250K every two years, assembling a multidisciplinary core faculty of 12-14 MSU professors, confirming the presentation of 75 to 80 graduate-level courses in 8 departments at MSU, recruiting and reviewing 10-12 Ph.D. applications annually, assembling and chairing an executive committee who sets policy and approves applicants, the construction and maintenance of a website for the MSU Water Science Fellows Program. This position is responsible for communicating, record keeping of an on-going program of 11 Water Science Doctoral Fellows in 5 departments across the colleges of Agriculture and Natural Resources and Natural Sciences.

• Director of MSU Root Image Processing Laboratory (RIPL): This web-based computer plant root imaging analyses system http://rootimage.msu.edu analyzes root systems from washed samples and minirhizotron recordings of root systems in grassland, forest and agroecosystems throughout the Americas, in Europe, Australia, China, Japan, Taiwan, Turkey, Finland, Africa, Saudi Arabia, India, Italy, etc. Computer algorithms were developed in collaboration with the NSF Pattern Recognition and Image Processing Laboratory in Computer Science and Engineering. Currently, this web-based RIPL is used by scientists and students from more than 15 countries.

• Director Undergraduate Research Program in CSS Department • Director of Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer and C and N Analyses Laboratory.

This lab services soil and plant research programs for at least 9 research faculty from four departments at MSU and several scientists across the USA and internationally. This fee-based facility analyzes approximately 4000 plant and soil materials annually.

Publications:

Dr. Smucker’s soil biophysical and plant stress research activities resulted in more than 346 peer-reviewed journal articles, book chapters, conference proceedings, abstracts and research reports.

His ten (12) most significant published contributions: 1. Smucker, A.J.M., S.L. McBurney and A.K. Srivastava. 1982. Quantitative

separation of roots from compacted soil profiles by the hydropneumatic elutriation system. Agron. J. 74:500-503.

2. Smucker, A.J.M. 1993. Soil environmental modifications of root dynamics and measurement. Annual Rev. Phytopathol. 31:191- 216.

3. Santos, D., S.L.S. Murphy, H. Taubner, A.J.M. Smucker and R. Horn. 1997. Uniform separation of concentric surface layers from soil aggregates. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 61(3):720-724.

4. Rasse, D.P. and A.J.M. Smucker. 1998. Root recolonization of previous root channels in corn and alfalfa rotations. Plant and Soil 204:203-212.

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5. Blackwood, C.B., C.J. Dell, E.A. Paul, A.J.M. Smucker. 2005. Eubacterial community response to position within soil macroaggregates and soil management. Soil Biol. Biochem. J. 37:28-50.

6. Park, E.J. and A.J.M. Smucker. 2005. Soil polar tensile strength and surface erosivities of soil aggregates from conventional and no-till agroecosystems. Soil. Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 69: 1912-1921.

7. Park, E.J. Sul, W.J., and A.J.M. Smucker. 2007. Glucose additions to aggregates subjected to drying and wetting cycles promote carbon sequestration and aggregate stability. Soil Biol. and Biochem. J. 39:2758-2768.

8. Smucker, A.J.M., E.J. Park, J. Dorner, and R. Horn. 2007. Soil micropore contributions to soluble carbon flux rates and microbial Community responses within macro-aggregates. Vadose Zone Journal 6:282-290.

9. Kavdir, Y., W. Zhang, B. Basso and A.J.M. Smucker. 2014. Development of a new soil water retention technology for increasing production and water conservation. J. of Soil and Water Conservation. DOI 10.2489/jswc.69 (5):154-160.

10. Guber, Andrey K., Alvin J.M. Smucker, Samrawi Berhanu, and James M.L. Miller. 2015. Optimizing water regime for sustainable corn production on coarse textured soils by subsurface water retaining membranes within plant root zone. Vadose Zone J. 2004-11-0166-ORA.R1-PDF0001.

11. Yuan Tian, Cheng-Hua Liu, Alvin J.M Smucker, Hui Li, Wei Zhang. 2015. Plant root exudates decrease mobility of smectite colloids in porous media in contrast to humic acid. DOI:10.2136/sssaj2014.10.0412. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 79: 467-475.

12. Tutum, C.C, A.K. Guber, K. Deb, A.J.M. Smucker, P. Najadhashemi, B. Kiraz. 2015. An integrated approach involving EMO and HYDRUS-2D software for SWRT-based precision irrigation: Initial results. 2015 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation.

Refereed Journal Articles and Refereed Book Chapters (including above 12)

1. Erickson, A.E., C.M. Hansen and A.J.M. Smucker. 1968. The influence of subsurface asphalt barriers on the water properties and the productivity of sand soils. 9th Int’l. Congress of Soil Science Transactions. Vol. 1, Paper 35, pp. 331-337.

2. Erickson, A.E., C.M. Hansen, A.J.M. Smucker, K.Y. Li, L.C. Hsi, T.S. Wang

and R.L. Cook. 1968. Subsurface asphalt barriers for the improvement of sugarcane production and the conservation of water on sand soil. International Society of Sugarcane Technologists Proceedings, 13th Congress, Taiwan. pp. 787-792.

3. Smucker, A.J.M. and R.H. Leep. 1975. Influence of peroxide and

polyelectrolyte treatments on germination, seedling, emergence and yield. Proc. Association of Official Seed Analysts 65:147-153.

4. Smucker, A.J.M. and R.E. Lucas. 1975. Development of the Castelar graduate

soil science program in Argentina – A cooperative effort. J. Agronomic

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Education 4:49-52.

5. Smucker, A.J.M. and A.E. Erickson. 1976. An aseptic mist chamber system: A method for measuring root processes of peas. Agron. J. 68:59-62.

6. Schumacher, T.E. and A.J.M. Smucker. 1978. Influence of mechanical

impedance upon the morphology, growth, and O2 uptake by Phaseolus vulgaris roots. Reports for Commission Papers, Vol. 1., pp. 97-98. 11th Congress of International Society of Soil Science. Edmonton, Canada.

7. Smucker, A.J.M., B.D. Knezek and G.R. Hooper. 1979. Influence of short-term

oxygen stress upon the translocation of zinc in navy beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). In: The Root_Soil Interface. J.L. Harley and R. Scott Russell, eds. Academic Press. p. 434.

8. Pessoa da Costa, G.T. and A.J.M. Smucker. 1981. Interactions of oxygen-

nitrogen-salinity stresses on plant growth and mineral content of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in sand culture. J. of Plant Nutrition 3(6):887-903.

9. Schumacher, T.E. and A.J.M. Smucker. 1981. Mechanical impedance effects on

oxygen uptake and porosity of drybean roots. Agron. J. 73:51-55.

10. Smucker, A.J.M., S.L. McBurney and A.K. Srivastava. 1982. Quantitative separation of roots from compacted soil profiles by the hydropneumatic elutriation system. Agron. J. 74:500-503.

11. Srivastava, A.K., A.J.M. Smucker and S.L. McBurney. 1982. An improved

mechanical soil-root sampler. Transactions of the ASAE, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 868-871.

12. Schumacher, T.E. and A.J.M. Smucker. 1983. Measurement of CO2 dissolved

in aqueous solutions using a modified infrared gas analyzer system. Plant Physiol. 72:212-214.

13. Schumacher, T.E., A.J.M. Smucker, A. Eshel and R.B. Curry. 1983.

Measurement of short-term root growth by pre-staining with neutral red. Crop Science 23:1212-1214.

14. Ghaderi, A., A.J.M. Smucker and M.W. Adams. 1984. Expected correlated

responses in selecting dry beans for tolerance to soil compaction. Euphytica 33:377-385.

15. Schumacher, T.E. and A.J.M. Smucker. 1984. Effect of localized anoxia on

Phaseolus vulgaris L. root growth. J. Experimental Botany 35(156):1039-1047.

16. Smucker, A.J.M. 1984. Carbon utilization and losses by plant root systems. In:

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Roots, Nutrient and Water Influx, and Plant Growth. Barber and Boulden, eds. Amer. Soc. Agron., Madison, WI, pp. 27-46.

17. Asady, G.H., A.J.M. Smucker and M.W. Adams. 1985. Seedling test for the quantitative measurement of root tolerances to compacted soil. Crop Science 25:802-806.

18. Mulligan, M.F., A.J.M. Smucker and G.F. Safir. 1985. Tillage modifications of

dry edible bean root colonization by VAM fungi. Agron. J. 77:140-144.

19. Schumacher, T.E. and A.J.M. Smucker. 1985. Carbon transport and root respiration of split root systems of Phaseolus vulgaris subjected to short term localized anoxia. Plant Physiology 78:359-364.

20. Smucker, A.J.M. 1985. Soybean crop responses to soil environmental stresses.

In: World Soybean Research Conference III: Proceedings. R. Shibles, ed. Westview Press, Ames, IA. pp. 1000-1006.

21. Smucker, A.J.M. and G.R. Safir. 1985. Root and soil microbial interactions

which influence the availability of photoassimilate carbon to the rhizosphere. In: Microfloral and Faunal. M.J. Mitchell, ed. pp. 203-244.

22. Allmaras, R.R., J.M. Kraft and A.J.M. Smucker. 1986. Soil compaction and

crop residue management effects on root diseases of annual food legumes. International Food Legume Research Conference, Spokane, WA. pp. 627-647.

23. Smucker, A.J.M., J.C. Ferguson and J.T. Ritchie. 1986. Visualization of the

rhizospheres of intensively cultivated soils. XIIIth Congress of the Int'l. Soc. of Soil Sci., Hamburg. Volume II, p. 639.

24. Schumacher, T.E. and A.J.M. Smucker. 1987. Ion uptake and respiration of dry

bean roots subjected to localized anoxia. Plant and Soil 99:411-422.

25. Smucker, A.J.M. and A.E. Erickson. 1987. Anaerobic stimulation of root exudates and disease of peas. Plant and Soil 99:423-433.

26. Smucker, A.J.M., J.C. Ferguson, W.P. DeBruyn, R.K. Belford and J.T. Ritchie.

1987. Image analysis of video-recorded plant root systems. In: Minirhizotron Observation Tubes: Methods and Applications for Measuring Rhizosphere Dynamics. S.A. Barber and C.D. Boulden, eds. Agron. Soc. of Amer. Special Publication No. 50, pp. 67-80.

27. Hasenstein, K.H., M.L. Evans, C.L. Stinemetz, R. Moore, W.M. Fondren, E.C.

Koon, M.A. Higby and A.J.M. Smucker. 1988. Comparative effectiveness of metal ions in inducing curvature of primary roots of Zea mays. Plant Physiology 86:885-889.

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28. Smucker, A.J.M. 1988. Video recording and image analyses of the rhizosphere.

Yearbook of Science and Technology. McGraw-Hill. 3 pp.

29. Asady, G.H. and A.J.M. Smucker. 1989. Compaction and root modifications of soil aeration. Soil Science Soc. Amer. J. 53(1):251-254.

30. Box, J.E., Jr., A.J.M. Smucker and J.T. Ritchie. 1989. Minirhizotron installation

techniques for investigating root responses to drought and oxygen stresses. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 53(1):115-118.

31. Smucker, A.J.M. and A.E. Erickson. 1989. Tillage and compactive

modifications of gaseous flow and soil aeration. In: Mechanics and related processes in structured agricultural soils. W.E. Larson et al., eds. Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 205-221.

32. Schroeder Murphy, S.L., B. Huang, R.L. King and A.J.M. Smucker. 1990.

Measurement of whole plant responses to compacted and flooded soil environments in the teaching laboratory. J. Agron. Ed. 19(2):171-175.

33. Ferguson, J.C. and A.J.M. Smucker. 1989. Modifications of the minirhizotron

video camera system for measuring spatial and temporal root dynamics. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 53(5):1601-1605.

34. Snider, R.J., R. Snider and A.J.M. Smucker. 1990. Collembolan populations

and root dynamics in Michigan Agroecosystems. In: J.E. Box and L.C. Hammond, eds. Rhizosphere Dynamics. AAAS Selected Symposium 113, pp. 168-191.

35. Smucker, A.J.M. 1990 Quantification of root dynamics in agroecological systems. Remote Sensing Reviews, Vol. 5 (1), Harwood Academic Publishers GmbH, pp. 237-248.

36. Smucker, A.J.M., A. Nunez-Barrios and J.T. Ritchie. 1991. Root dynamics in

drying soil environments. Belowground Ecology, Spring, pp. 4-5.

37. Smucker, A.J.M., A.K. Srivastava, M.W. Adams and B.D. Knezek. 1991. Secondary tillage and traffic compaction modifications of the growth and production of dry edible beans and soybeans. Amer. Soc. of Ag. Engineers 7(2):149-152.

38. Huang, C., A.K. Jain, G.C. Stockman and A.J.M. Smucker. 1992. Automatic

image analysis of plant root structures. Proceedings of the 11th IAPR Conference on Pattern Recognition Methodology and Systems. The Hague, The Netherlands. pp. 1-8.

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39. Huang, Q., A.K. Jain, G.C. Stockman and A.J.M. Smucker. 1992. A new perspective on segmentation: Token-based grouping at multiple levels. Image Processing: Theory and Applications on Segmentation, pp. 1-9.

40. Majdi, H., A.J.M. Smucker and H. Persson. 1992. A comparison between

minirhizotron and monolith sampling methods for measuring root growth of maize (Zea mays L.). Plant and Soil 147:127-134.

41. McLean, M., G.S. Howell and A.J.M. Smucker. 1992. A minirhizotron system

for In Situ root observation studies of Seyval grapevines. American J. Enol. Viticulture 43(1):87-89.

42. Smucker, A.J.M. 1992. Contemporary analytical methods for quantifying plant

root dynamics. L. Kutschera et al., eds. Root Ecology and its Practical Application. Verein fur Wurzelforschung, Vienna. pp. 721-726.

43. Smucker, A.J.M. and R.M. Aiken. 1992. Dynamic root responses to water

deficits. Soil Science 154(4):281-289.

44. Taylor, H.M., Y. Waisel, A.J.M. Smucker and R.W. Zobel. 1992. Study of roots and their functions in plants. J. Plant Nutrition 15:6-7.

45. Smucker, A.J.M. 1993. Soil environmental modifications of root dynamics and

measurement. Annual Rev. Phytopathol. 31:191-216.

46. Smucker, A.J.M. and R.R. Allmaras. 1993. Whole plant responses to soil compaction. In: International Crop Science I. Crop Science Soc. of Amer., Madison, WI. pp. 727-731.

47. Smucker, A.J.M. and J.T. Ritchie. 1993. Plant physiological responses to the

soil – Discussion. In: Int’l. Crop Science I, D.R. Buxton, et al. (eds.), Amer. Soc. Agron./Crop Science Soc. of Amer., Madison, WI. pp. 747-748.

48. Smucker, A.J.M. and J.T. Ritchie. 1993. Plant physiological responses to the

soil – Symposium conclusions. In: Proc. of the First Int’l. Crop Sci. Cong. D.R. Buxton (ed.), Ames, IA, pp. 747-748.

49. Murphy, J.A., M.G. Hendricks, P.E. Rieke, A.J.M. Smucker and B.E. Branham.

1994. Turfgrass root systems evaluated using the minirhizotron and video recording methods. Agron. J. 86(2):247-250.

50. Murphy, S.L. and A.J.M. Smucker. 1995. Evaluation of video image analysis

and line intercept methods for measuring root systems of alfalfa and ryegrass. Agron. J. 87(5):865-868.

51. Pietola, L.M. and A.J.M. Smucker. 1995. Fine root dynamics of alfalfa after

14

multiple cuttings and during a late invasion by weeds. Agron. J. 87(6):1161-1169.

52. Smucker, A.J.M., W. Richner and V.O. Snow. 1995. Bypass flow via root-

induced macropores (RIMS) in subirrigated agriculture. Clean Water Clean Environment for the 21st Century, Conf. Proc., Vol. III: Practices, Systems, and Adoption. Kansas City, MO. March 5, 1995, pp. 255-258.

53. Aiken, R.M. and A.J.M. Smucker. 1996. Root system regulation of whole plant

growth. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 34:325-346.

54. Smucker, A.J.M., D. Santos and Y. Kavdir. 1996. Concentric layering of carbon, nitrogen and clay minerals within soil aggregates from tilled and non-tilled agroecosystems and natural grasslands. Third Eastern Canada Soil Structure Workshop Proceedings. pp. 129-140.

55. Santos, D., S.L.S. Murphy, H. Taubner, A.J.M. Smucker and R. Horn. 1997.

Uniform separation of concentric surface layers from soil aggregates. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 61(3):720-724.

56. Asseng, S., J.T. Ritchie, A.J.M. Smucker and M.J. Robertson. 1998. Root

growth and water uptake during water deficit and recovering in wheat. Plant and Soil 201:265-273.

57. Dowdy, R.H., A.J.M. Smucker, M.S. Dolan and J.C. Ferguson. 1998.

Automated image analyses for separating plant roots from soil debris elutriated from soil cores. Plant and Soil 200:91-94.

58. Kemner, K.M., W. Yun, Z. Cai, B. Lai, H.-R. Lee, D.G. Legnini, W. Rodrigues,

J. Jastrow, R.M. Miller, S.T. Pratt, M.A. Schneegurt, C.F. Kulpa, Jr. and A.J.M. Smucker. 1998. Using x-ray microprobes for environmental research. Proceedings –The Int’l. Soc. for Optical Eng., Vol. 3449, pp. 45-54.

59. Ostrom, N.E., K.E. Knoke, L.O. Hedin, G.P. Robertson and A.J.M. Smucker.

1998. Temporal trends in nitrogen isotope values of nitrate leaching from an agricultural soil. Chem. Geol. 146:219-227.

60. Pietola, L. and A.J.M. Smucker. 1998. Fibrous carrot root responses to

irrigation and compaction of sandy and organic soils. Plant and Soil 200:95-105.

61. Rasse, D.P. and A.J.M. Smucker. 1998. Root recolonization of previous root channels in corn and alfalfa rotations. Plant and Soil 204:203-212.

62. Smucker, A.J.M., D. Santos, Y. Kavdir and E.A. Paul. 1998. Concentric

gradients within stable soil aggregates. Proceedings of the 16th World Congress of Soil Science, Montpellier, France.

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63. Akinnifesi, F.K., A.J.M. Smucker, and B.T. Kang. 1999. Below-ground

dynamics in agroforestry systems. Annals of Arid Zone 38(3&4):239-273.

64. Fahey, T.J, C.S. Bledsoe, F.P. Day, R.W. Reuss and A.J.M. Smucker. 1999. Fine root production and demography. In: Standard Soil Methods for Long Term Ecological Research. G.P. Robertson, et al., eds. Oxford University Press, New York, NY. pp. 437-455.

65. Rasse, D.P. and A.J.M. Smucker. 1999. Tillage effects on soil nitrogen and

plant biomass in a corn-alfalfa rotation. J. Environ. Qual. 28(3):873-880.

66. Rasse, D.P., A.J.M. Smucker and O. Schabenberger. 1999. Modifications of soil nitrogen pools in response to alfalfa root systems and shoot mulch. Agron. J. 91(3):471-477.

67. Albee, P.B., G.C. Stockman, and A.J.M. Smucker. 2000. Extraction of pores

from microtomographic reconstructions of intact soil aggregates. Argonne National Lab./Mathematics and Computer Sci. Div. P790-0100.

68. Collins, H.P., E.T. Elliott, K. Paustian, L.G. Bundy, W.A. Dick, D.R. Huggins,

A.J.M. Smucker and E.A. Paul. 2000. Soil carbon pools and fluxes in long-term corn belt agroecosystems. Soil Biol. and Biochem. 32:157-168.

69. Erickson, A.J., R.S. Ramsewak, A.J. M. Smucker and M.G. Nair. 2000.

Nitrification inhibitors from the roots of Leucaena leucocephala. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48:6174-6177. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jf991382z

70. Rasse, D.P., J.T. Ritchie, W.R. Peterson, J. Wei and A.J.M. Smucker. 2000.

Rye cover crop and nitrogen fertilization effects on nitrate leaching in inbred maize fields. J. Environ. Qual. 29(1):298-304.

71. Rasse, D.P., A.J.M. Smucker and D. Santos. 2000. Alfalfa root and shoot

mulching effects on soil hydraulic properties and aggregation. Soil Science Soc. of Amer. J. 64(2):725-731.

72. Dell, C., Y. Kavdir and A.J.M. Smucker. 2001. Management modifications of

concentric gradients within soil aggregates. In: Fourth Eastern Canada Soil Structure Workshop (W.D. Reynolds et al., eds.). Proceedings of the Soil Structure/Carbon Workshop. Leamington, Ontario, p. 177-187.

73. Smucker, A.J.M. 2001. New approaches for soil aggregation research during

the next century (Invited Keynote Address). In: Fourth Eastern Canada Soil Structure Workshop (W.D. Reynolds et al., eds.). Proceedings of the Soil Structure/Carbon Workshop. Leamington, Ontario, p. 157-164.

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74. Smucker,A.J.M. and C. J. Dell. 2001. Root contributions to carbon sequestration on surfaces and within soil aggregates. The 6th Symposium of the International Society of Root Research, Nov. 11, 2001. Nagoya, Japan. Pp. 122-123.

75. Atwell, B.J., I.R.P. Fillery, K.J. McInnes and A.J.M. Smucker. 2002. The fate

of carbon and fertiliser nitrogen when dryland wheat is grown in monoliths of duplex soil. Plant and Soil 241:259-269.

76. Kavdir, Y. and A.J.M. Smucker. 2002. Soil aggregate sequestration of cover

crop root and shoot residue nitrogen. International Conference on Sustainable Land Use and Management. Canakkale, Turkey, p. 134-142.

77. Smucker, A.J.M. and Y. Kavdir. 2002. Biophysical infrastructures that promote

carbon sequestration within soil aggregates. International Conference on Sustainable Land Use and Management. Canakkale, Turkey, p. 129-133.

78. Smucker, A.J.M., Y. Kavdir, C.J. Dell and D.P. Rasse. 2002. Plant carbon and

nitrogen contributions to the formation and function of soil aggregation processes in sustainable agroecosystems. Innovative Soil-Plant Systems for Sustainable Agricultural Practices, Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) Workshop, Izmir, Turkey, p. 93-104.

79. Smucker, A.J.M., C.J. Dell and D. Santos. 2003. Tillage modifications of

carbon sequestration within soil aggregates. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of ISTRO. p. 1157-1159.

80. Smucker, A.J.M. 2003. Root carbon contributions to soil aggregate formation

and function. Jun Abe (Ed.), Roots: The Dynamic Interface between Plants and the Earth. Pp. 421-426. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands.

81. Kavdir, Y and A.J.M. Smucker. 2004. Comparison of root image processing

programs for quantifying plant root parameters. In: Natural Resource Management for Sustainable Development. Proceedings of the International Soil Congress, June 2004, Erzurum, Turkey.

82. Kavdir, Y. and A.J.M. Smucker. 2004. Effects of rye roots and shoots on soil aggregate erosion rate. J. Agric. Fac. HR. U. Vol. 8 (2) 29-32.

83. Park, E.J. and A.J.M. Smucker. 2005. Saturated hydraulic conductivity and

porosity within macroaggregates modified by tillage. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 69:38-45.

84. Horn, R. and A.J.M. Smucker. 2005. Structure formation and its consequences

for gas and water transport in unsaturated arable and forest soils. Soil Tillage Res. 82:5-14.

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85. Park, E.J. and A.J.M. Smucker. 2005. Soil polar tensile strength and surface erosivities of soil aggregates from conventional and no-till agroecosystems. Soil. Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 69: 1912-1921.

86. Kavdir, Y., D.P. Rasse, A.J.M. Smucker. 2005. Specific contributions of

decaying alfalfa roots to nitrate leaching in a Kalamazoo loam soil. Agri. Ecosystem and Environ. 109:97-106.

87. Blackwood, C.B., C.J. Dell, E.A. Paul, A.J.M. Smucker. 2005. Eubacterial

community response to position within soil macroaggregates and soil management. Soil Biol. Biochem. J. 37:28-50.

88. Kavdir, Y. and A.J.M. Smucker. 2005. Soil aggregate sequestration of cover

crop root and shoot derived soil nitrogen. Plant and Soil 272:263-276.

89. Park, E.J. and A.J.M. Smucker. 2005. Dynamics of carbon sequestered in concentric layers of soil macroaggregates. Korean J. Ecol. 28:181-188.

90. Peng, X., R. Horn, S. Peth, and A.J.M. Smucker. 2006. Quantification of soil shrinkage in 2D by digital image processing of soil surface. Soil & Tillage Research. 91:173-180.

91. Pietola, L. and A.J.M. Smucker. 2006. Elimination of non-root residue by image analysis of very fine roots. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 53: 92–97.

92. Peth, S. F., Beckmann, T. Donath, J. Fischer, A.J.M. Smucker, R. Horn. 2006.

Pore space analysis of soil aggregates investigated by microtomography using synchrotron radiation. European Geophysical Union Proceedings, Vienna, Austria.

93. Smucker, A.J.M. and E.J. Park, 2006. Soil Biophysical Responses by

Macroaggregates to Tillage of Two Soil Types. (Eds. Rainer Horn, Heiner Fleige, Stephan Peth and Xinhua Peng). Adv. in GeoEcology 38:455-460. Catena Verlag Publishers, 35447 Reiskirchen.

94. Kravchenko, A.N., G.P. Robertson, S.S. Snapp, and A.J.M. Smucker. 2006.

Using information about spatial variability to improve estimates of total soil carbon. Agron. J. 98:823–829.

95. Gerakis, A., D.P. Rasse, Y. Kavdir, A.J.M. Smucker, J.T. Ritchie. 2006.

Simulation of leaching losses in the nitrogen cycle. Comm. in Soil Science and Plant Analyses 13:1-25.

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96. Mueller, F., A.J.M. Smucker, R. Horn, 2006: From micro pores to ecosystems - ecological gradients as components of environmental analysis and management. Proceedings of ISTRO 17:1640-1641 (ISBN 3-9811134-0-3).

97. Peng, X., R. Horn, A.J.M. Smucker. 2007. Pore-shrinkage dependency of

inorganic and organic soils on wetting and drying cycles. Soil Sci. Soc. of Amer. J. 71:1095-1104.

98. Park, E.J. Sul, W.J., and A.J.M. Smucker. 2007. Glucose additions to

aggregates subjected to drying and wetting cycles promote carbon sequestration and aggregate stability. Soil Biol. and Biochem. J. 39:2758-2768.

99. Smucker, A.J.M., E.J. Park, J. Dorner, and R. Horn. 2007. Soil micropore

contributions to soluble carbon flux rates and microbial community responses within macro-aggregates. Vadose Zone Journal 6:282-290.

100. Smucker, A.J.M. and J.W. Hopmans. 2007. Preface: Soil biophysical contributions to hydrological processes in the vadose zone. Vadose Zone J. 6:267-268.

101. Peth, S.; R. Horn; F. Beckmann; A. Smucker 2007. Synchroton CT und 3D Porenraumquantifizierung von Bodenaggregaten Mittl. DBG 110,127-128.

102. Peth, S., R. Horn, F. Beckmann, T. Donath, J. Fischer, and A. J. M. Smucker. 2008. Three-dimensional quantification of intra-aggregate pore-space features using synchrotron-radiation-based microtomography. Soil Sci Soc Am J 72: 897–907.

103. Kravchenko, A.N., A.J.M. Smucker and M. Rivers. 2008. Limitations in determining of multifractal spectra from pore/solid soil aggregate images. Vadose Zone J. 8:1-8.

104. Peth, S., R. Horn, F. Beckmann, T. Donath, and A.J.M. Smucker. 2008. The

interior of soil aggregates investigated by synchrotron-radiation-based microtomography. In: Developments in X-ray Tomography VI, ed. S. R. Stock, 70781H-70712. San Diego, CA: SPIE.

105. Smucker, A.J.M. and J.A. Siegel. 2009. Separation and concentration of trace evidence from soils using a hydropneumatic elutriation trace evidence concentrator (TEC). In: Criminal and Environmental Soil Forensics. Ritz, K.; Dawson, L.; Miller, D. (Eds.) ISBN: 978-1-4020-9203-9. pp 491-497.

106. Kravchenko A.N., M. A. Martin, A.J.M. Smucker, and M. L. Rivers. 2009.

Theoretical and practical limitations in the determination of multifractal spectra from pore/solid soil aggregate images. Vadose Zone J. 8: 220–226.

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107. Smucker Alvin, Rainer Horn and Mark Rivers. 2010. Spatial distributions of plant root carbon storage capacities within soil aggregates. Donato Chiatante (Ed). In: Plant Biosystems J. 6:12-19.

108. Urbanek, E., A.J.M. Smucker, R. Horn. 2010. Determination of organic

carbon distribution in single aggregates using natural 13C as a tracer. Soil Tillage Res 104: 23-35.

109. Smucker, A.J.M., W. Wang, A.N. Kravchenko and W.A. Dick. 2010. Forms

and Functions of Meso and Micro-niches for Carbon within Soil Aggregates. Journal of Nematology Vol. 42:84-86.

110. Wang, W., A.N. Kravchenko, A.J.M. Smucker, M.L. Rivers. 2011.

Comparison of image segmentation methods in simulated 2D and 3D microtomographic images of soil aggregates. Geoderma 162:231-241.

111. Kravchenko, A.N. W. Wang, A.J.M. Smucker, and M.L. Rivers. 2011. Long-term differences in tillage and land use affect intra-aggregate pore heterogeneity. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 75:1658-1666.

112. Kavdir, Y., Milay, R., Smucker, A.J.M. and Kavdir, I. 2011. Soil structure

stabilization of olive oil solid waste and compost applied to soils. Soil Tillage Res. 117: 42-49.

113. Urbanek, Emilia, Alvin J.M. Smucker, Rainer Horn. 2011. Total and fresh

organic carbon distribution in aggregate size classes and single aggregate regions using natural 13C/12C tracer. Geoderma 164:164-171.

114. Wang, W., A.N. Kravchenko, A.J.M. Smucker, W. Laing, M.L. Rivers. 2012.

Intra-aggregate Pore Characteristics: X-ray Computed Microtomography Analysis. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 76:1159–1171

115. Yang, Z., A.J.M. Smucker, G. Jiang, X. Ma. 2012. Influence of the

Membranes on Water Retention in Saturated Homogeneous Sand Columns. International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection (ISWREP), pp: 1590 – 1593. 978-1-61284-340-7/111©2011IEEE.

116. Kavdir, Y., K. Demirel, A.J.M. Smucker. 2012. A new water retention

technology; retaining soil water and nutrients in the plant root zone. 8th International Soil Science Congress on, “Land Degradation and Challenges in Sustainable Soil Management”. Vol. IV: 222-224. May 15-17, 2012. Izmir, Turkey.

117. W. Wang, A. N. Kravchenko, A.J.M. Smucker, W. Liang and M. L. Rivers.

2012. Intra-aggregate pore characteristics: x-ray computed microtomography analysis. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 76:1159–1171.

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118. Kravchenko A., H.-C. Chun, M. Mazer, W. Wang, J.B. Rose, A.J.M.

Smucker, and M. Rivers. 2012. Relationships between intra-aggregate pore structures and distributions of Escherichia coli within soil macro-aggregates. Applied Soil Ecology 63:134-142.

119. Ananyeva, K., W. Wang, A.J.M. Smucker, M.L. Rivers, A.N. Kravchenko.

2013. Can intra-aggregate pore structures affect the aggregate’s effectiveness in protecting carbon. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 57:868-875.

120. Alvin Smucker, Zeyuan Yang , Xuechen He, Fuhua Lai, Bruno Basso, 2013. SWRT is a New Technology for Converting Arid Sands into Oases of Food and Fiber Production. International Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy.

121. Smucker, Alvin. 2013. Innovative irrigation: Soil technology doubles food and biomass production. Industrial Water and Waste Digest. March 5, 2013. P. 13 -15.

122. Wang, W., A. N. Kravchenko, T. Johnson, S. Srinivasan, K.A. Ananyeva, A. J. M. Smucker, J. B. Rose, M. L. Rivers. 2013. Intra-aggregate pore structures and Escherichia coli distribution by water flow within and movement out of soil macroaggregates. Vadose Zone J.doi:10.2136/vzj2013.01.0012.

123. Smucker, Alvin J.M. and Bruno Basso. 2014. Global Potential for a New Subsurface Water Retention Technology- Converting Marginal Soil into Sustainable Plant Production. In: The Soil Underfoot: infinite possibilities for a finite resource, Editors; G. J. Churchman and E.R. Landa. Chapter 24, pp. 315 – 324. CRC Press.

124. Kavdir, Y., W. Zhang, B. Basso and A.J.M. Smucker. 2014. Development of a new soil water retention technology for increasing production and water conservation. J. of Soil and Water Conservation. DOI 10.2489/jswc.69 (5):154-160.

125. Urbanek, Emilia, Rainer Horn, Alvin J.M. Smucker. 2014. Tensile and erosive strength of soil macro-aggregates from soils under different management systems. J. Hydrol. Hydromech. 62 (4): 324-333. DOI 10.2479/johh-2014-0034.

126. Guber, Andrey K., Alvin J.M. Smucker, Samrawi Berhanu, and James M.L. Miller. 2015. Subsurface water retention technology improves root zone water storage for corn production on coarse-textured soils. DOI: 10.2136/vzj2014.11.0166. Vadose Zone Journal 14.

127. Yuan Tian, Cheng-Hua Liu, Alvin J.M Smucker, Hui Li, Wei Zhang. 2015. Plant root exudates decrease mobility of smectite colloids in porous media in contrast to humic acid. DOI:10.2136/sssaj2014.10.0412. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J.

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79: 467-475.

128. Tutum, C.C, A.K. Guber, K. Deb, A.J.M. Smucker, P. Najadhashemi, B. Kiraz. 2015. An integrated approach involving EMO and HYDRUS-2D software for SWRT-based precision irrigation: Initial results. 2015 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation.

129. Holdaway, H.A., F.B. Dazzo, G. Zhu, W.A. Dick, and A.J.M. Smucker. 20xx. Drying / Wetting Cycles Affect the Biophysical Stability, Distribution of Carbon and Nitrogen Compounds and Microbial Abundance in Concentric Layers of Soil Macro-Aggregates. Soil Biol. Biochem. (submitted).

130. Bourcier, J.M., A.J.M. Smucker, A.N. Kravchenko, W. Wang and T.L. Marsh. 2015. Flavobacterium species decrease strength of remolded soil aggregates in vitro and may contribute to the loss of soil organic carbon in native systems. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 2015. (in review).

Next in line:

1. Smucker, A.J.M. Optimizing water regime for sustainable corn production on

coarse textured soils by subsurface water retaining membranes within plant root zone. Vadose Zone J. 2004-11-0166-ORA.R1-PDF0001.

In Preparation:

1. Gong, N., R. Auras, A.J.M. Smucker. 201X. Life cycle analyses of a sustainable soil water and nutrient saving technology for converting sandy soils into sustainable agricultural production. (In prep).

2. Smucker, A.J.M., Y. Kavdir, A.K. Guber, B. Basso. 201X. Optimization of Soil Water Content in the Root Zone. Soil Science Society of America Journal (in prep).

3. Smucker, A.J.M., Mathieu Niguagio and Ron Goldy. 201X. Additional water

and nutrient retention in the root zone significantly increases production of cucumber and green pepper on sand soils. Journal of Hort. Sci. (in prep)

4. Quintanilla, M., A.J.M. Smucker, S. Gage, G. Bird and E.J. Park. 20xx. Impact

of tillage on the acoustical signatures during rapid hydration of air-dried soil aggregates. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. (in prep).

5. Sissoko, F., A.J.M. Smucker and E.A. Paul. 20xx. Soil aggregate stabilization

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and microbial biomass enhancement by simulated root exudates during multiple wetting and drying cycles. Plant and Soil. (In prep).

6. Smucker, A.J.M., B. Basso, Z. Yang, X. He, A. Attia, A.N. Kravchenko. 20xx.

Subsurface water retention technology for the 21st Century, retaining water in plant root zones where it falls and is applied. J. Soil and Water Conservation (in prep).

7. H.C. Chun, M. Mazher, T. Johnson, A. N. Kravchenko, J. B. Rose and A.J.M.

Smucker. 20xx. Mesochambers of glass beads and soil aggregates for quantifying advective-dispersive flow of ions and E. coli distributions within unstable soil aggregates (See AAManuscripts 2014)

8. Kinyangi, J.M, A.J.M. Smucker, R.R. Harwood and R.J. Buresh. 20xx.

Phosphorus entrapment within concentric layers of soil aggregates planted to tree and maize based Agroecosystems in Western Kenya. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. (Submitted).

9. Whims, J. and A.J.M. Smucker. Economics of SWRT improvement of marginal

soils. A national and international Economics Journal. (under discussion).

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