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2 - KNT News Journal Local News February 2017 - Vol.V No.2
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KNT News Journal Local News February 2017 - Vol.V No.2 -3
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4 - KNT News Journal Local News February 2017 - Vol.V No.2
THE KHONUMTHUNG NEWS JOURNAL
Editorial Board
Chief Editor - J.Sangtea
Managing Editor - Tui Dim
Editor - Salai Robert
T.V Incharge - Tui Dim
Reporter - Moe Kyaw - Aung Ling - Rokung - Hniangte - Biesoh
Layout Design - Moe Kyaw
Board Member - Lawma - David Lalrin - Hlai Myo Thein
Distribution Managers Justina
Advisory Board T. Panglai Baenard L.Chhangte Producer J. Hmingthansanga 5/KLT (N) 117352
vufrSwftrSwf - 01183
Address Tahan, Kalaymyo Registration No. 01183
Printing Press - Thukha Myaing , Offset Mandalay
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KNT News Journal Article February 2017 - Vol.V No.2 - 5
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6 - KNT News Journal Article February 2017 - Vol.V No.2
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KNT News Journal Article February 2017 - Vol.IV No.2 - 7
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8 - KNT News Journal Article February 2017 - Vol.V No.2
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rSwfwdkif[kqdkvQifvnf; rSm;thHrxif/
taMumif;aomf e,fcJsUjAdwdoQwdkUonf
urÇmh tifyg,m aer0ifEdkifiHtjzpf
wdk;csJUwdkufcdkufpOfu 1885 ck? Edk0if
bmv (20) &uf aeUwGif jrefrmEdkifiH
udkyg odrf;oGif;jcif;cHcJh&onf/ 1886
ESpfqef;utp awmifydkif;ESifh ajrmufydkif;
csif;awmifodkU 0ifa&mufvmaom e,fcsJU
ppfwyfudk awmifydkif;wGif yvuf0e,f
AdkvfqHAif? Adkvfxdefwm? rif;wyf AdkvfuD;
a&mufedef? Adkvf&GD;avG? AdkvfvSKefxef;
ajrmufydkif;rSmvnf; AdkvfMuGefbdcf?
[m;cg; AdkvfurfpGyf? AdkvfwGrfaxmif;?
Adkvfcdkifurf;ESifh rwla'ocHwdkUrS oJoJrJrJ
qefUusiftaocHwdkufcdkufchJMuonf/
1894 ckESpfwGif AdkvfcsKyfqdkif;
rGef;? AdkvfcsKyfAgvfrefwdkU udk,fwdkif OD;pD;
aomwyftiftm;(3491)OD;?awmif
ay:ypftajrmuf (4) vufjzifh rsKd;jyKef;
ppfqifa&;pDrHcsufcsí &GmudkrD;&IdU? vlawGU
&ifypfowfaom tqkH;pGef&ufpuf
onfhpHepfaMumifh csif;awmifudk odrf;ydkuf
EdkifcJhonf/ txl;ojzifhzvrf; MuGefbdcf
acgif;aqmifaom ajrmufydkif;csif;wdkU
\ awmfvSefa&;u ydkrdkxda&muf ta&;
omcJhonf/ 1886 rS 1895 cktxd
t*FvdyfwdkU csif;awmifwdkufcdkufpOfu
aoewf(4302)vufudkodrf;qnf;cJh
onf/ e,fcsJUjAdwdoQ wdkU\ vuf0,f
cHwdkufolBuD;wdkUu tcrJhapcdkif;jcif;?
BuD;av;aom tcGeftwkwf aumufcHjcif;?
awmifwef; -yifr qufoG,fr&atmif
Oya'jzifh wm;jrpfjcif;? aoG;cJGodrf;oGif;
tkyfcsKyfjcif;? jrefrmpmoifMum;a&; ydwf
yifwm;jrpfjcif;rsm; jyKcJhonf/ yxr
urÇmppfBuD; jzpfyGm;vmpOf i,f&G,f
wufMuGaeol 0r®ol;armif;onf
e,fcJsUwdkU\ aMu;pm;wyfodkU 0ifa&muf
rdcJhonf/ wdkif;&if;aoG; csif; (uluD;-
rvmbm) awmfvSefa&;orm; wdkUtm;
ESdrfESif;&mwGif e,fcsJUjAdwdoQwdkU\
vlrqef&ufpufaom vkyf&yfrsm;udk
&GHrkef;cJhonf/
OD;0r®ol;armif;onf e,fcsJU
wdkU\ aoG;cJGpmayudk qefUusifaom
jrefrmpmoifMum;a&;udk csif;&Jabmf
rsm; pnf;&kH;um arjrdKUü 20? 2? 1922
wGif aumfrDwDw&yfzJGUpnf;cJhonf/ 1922
ck? Zlvdkif (22) &uf paeaeUwGif rEÅav;
jrdKU rdk;cg;ausmif;wdkufü q&mawmfOD;
OwÅr\ EdkifiHa&;w&m;yJGodkU tapmifh
wm0ef cefUjcif;cH&onf/ olonf tapmifh
wm0efus&mrS &kyfzsuf0ifa&mufMum;em
cJhonf/ q&mawmfonf rdef;ravmufrS
‘aoG;reD? owÅd? AswÅdr&Sd pmayusrf;*ef
rwwf[k ESmacgif;&GHUuJh&JUtxiftjrif
ao;jcif;cH&avjyD’ pojzifh 0HomEkw&m;
rsm; a[mMum;onf/ xdktcsdefrSpí
e,fcsJUwdkU\ aMu;pm;ppfwyfwGif
aysmfydkufEdkifjcif;r&Sdawmhojzifh aeUcsif;
ncsif; xGufcGmvdkpdwf wzGm;zGm;jzpfay:
vmcJhonf/
OD;0r®ol;armif;onf 8-7-
1923 &ufwGif 0r®ol;&Gmü EdkifiHa&;
udk,f0efcH trsKd;om;ausmif;udk pwif
zGifhvSpfcJhonf/ 1924 'DZifbmv (24)
&uf? touf (24) ESpfwGif qly'gtqifh
udk pGefUcGmEIwfxGufvmcJhonf/ 1925 ck?
ZGefvwGif oludk,fwdkif ausmif;q&m
0ifa&mufvkyfudkifí &yfa0;ae ausmif;
om;BuD;rsm;udk pnf;&kH;ac:aqmifum
jrefrmpmoifMum;ay;&if; EdkifiHa&;
vIyf&Sm;rIrsm; vsKdU0Sufaqmif&GufcJh
onf/ wzufwGif yckuúLjrdKU r[m0dok
w&mrausmif;wdkufq&mawmf OD;ynm
a&Tul? q&mawmf OD;okEé&wd©wdkUESifh
qufoG,fjyD; 16-9-1927 &ufwGif
csif;awmifomoemjyKvkyfief;rsm;
aqmif&GufchJonf/ tjcm;wzufwGif
'dkUArm tpnf;t&kH;0ifrsm;jzpfMuonfh
a&eHacsmif;rS OD;boD? yckuúLrS OD;rsKd;
nGefU? ociftkHBuD;? OD;xGef;vif;? OD;zdk;
wkwfwdkUESifh qufoG,fum ajray:EdkifiH
a&;tpnf;t&kH;rsm; jyKvkyfonf/ 1929
arv(31)&uwGif45_30ayESpfxyf?
oGyfrd k;ausmif;aqmifopfzGif hyJ GwGif
te,fe,ft&yf&yf&Sd &GmvlBuD;rsm;udk
zdwfac:í awmfvSefa&;rsKd;cspfpdwfrsm;
pnf;&kH;odrf;oGif;EkdifcJhonf/ e,fcsJU
qefUusifa&;udk xda&mufpGmvkyfaqmif
Edkifa&;twGuf 1932 ck rwfvwGif
ausmif;q&mtvkyfrS EIwfxGufonf/
1933{jyDv(5)&ufwGifwdkufe,f
trSwf (1) rokHEl;&Gm “csif;trsKd;om;
pnf;vkH;nDnGwfa&;” udk atmifjrifpGm
zGJUpnf;EdkifcJhonf/ xdktzJGUwGif OD;0r®ol;
armif OuúX? OD;0&Javm[m 'kwd,
OuúX? OD;uD;azvdef; twGif;a&;rSL;?
tzJGU0ifrsm;jzpfMuonfh OD;tGrfedef? OD;
0r®ol;idkif;? OD;uD;ref? ocifatmifpH?
ocifausmfpdefESifh OD;atmifvdef; (9)
OD;yg0ifí aus;&Gmwdkif;wGif pnf;&kH;
a&;rSL;(3)OD;rS(5)OD;txdwdk;csJUzJGU
pnf;wm0efay;tyfonf/
1934ckwGiftzJGU\yxr
nDvmcHudk a,mwdkufe,f 0&J&Gmü
usif;yí jynfyESifhqufoG,fa&;wGif
pmay omoema&;udk tajcjyKvsuf
vkH;0vGwfvyfa&; r&rcsif; wdkufyJG0if
&ef aoG;aomuft"dXmefjyK qkH;jzwf
Muonf/ e,fcsJUjAdwdoQwdkUxH
awmif;qdkcsuf (9) csufwGif-
(1) wdkufolBuD;&GmolBuD;wdkUtm;
zufqpfqefaom MoZmtmPmay;jcif;
udk tjref&kyfodrf;&ef
(2) csif;awmifwGif jrefrmpmoifMum;
a&; ydwfyifwm;jrpfjcif;udk jyefvnf
oifMum;cGifhjyK&ef
(3)csif;awmifwef;e,fudkrdrdoabm
t& a&;qJGonfh Oya'rsm;usifhokH;jcif;
udk &kyfodrf;í csif;trsKd;om; udk,fpm;
vS,frsm;yg0ifonfh Oya'a&;qJGa&;
aumfrDwDzJGUpnf;a&;qJGumxdkOya'rsm;
udkom csif;awmifwGif jyXmef;twnf
jyK&ef
(4) awmifwef;e,frsm;tm; jcGif;csef
xm;onfhe,f[lí owfrSwfjcif;udk
tjref&kyfodrf;&ef
(5) jrefrmjynfrtm; (91)Xme tkyfcsKyf
a&;ay;ouJhodkU csif;awmiftm;vnf;
tusKd;cHpm;cGifhjyK&ef
(6) jrefrmEdkifiHtm; vGwfvyfa&;ay;
onfhtcg csif;awmifudkvnf; wcsdefwnf;
vGwfvyfa&;ay;&ef
(7) bmomt,l0g' uefUowfcsKyfcs,f
jcif;rsm; tjrefjyef&kyfodrf;&ef
(8) vlrsKd;a&;cJGjcm;odrf;oGif;tkyfcsKyf
jcif;udk &kyfodrf;í wdkif;&if;om;tm;vkH;
wef;wlnDrQtcGifhta&;ay;&ef
(9) tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHrsm;ESifh vGwfvyfpGm
ul;vl;qufoG,fcGifhrsm; csKyfcs,frI
rjyK&ef ponfwdkUjzpfonf/
1936 ck? 'DZifbmv (24)
&ufaeU 'kwd,nDvmcHudk 0r®ol;&Gmü
usif;yum yxrnDvmcHü twnfjyK
qkH;jzwfcJhaom tcsuf (9) csufudk tzJGU
udk,fpm;vS,fESpfOD;u yckuúL 0HomEk
trwf OD;pdk;odef;? OD;rsKd; nGefUwdkUrSwqifh
vTwfawmfodkU ta&;qdkwifjyay;&efjzpf
onf/ ,if;wifjycsuft& bk&ifcHESifh
awmifwef; rif;BuD;u rauG;wdkif;rif;BuD;
rSwqihf uefyufvufjrdKUü (crnz) ESifh
awGUqkHndSEIdif;&ef wm0efay;csuft&
23-11-1938 &ufaeUwGif awGUqkHyJG
ratmifjrifí vlaygif; okH;axmifcefUrS
wcJeuftkHMuG qEjyMuonf/ xdkqEjy
rIudk taMumif;jyKí rw&m;toif;
yk'fr(14)jzifh 20-2-1939 &ufwGif
OD;0r®ol;armif;? OD;0&J avm[m? OD;uD;
azvdef;? OD;tGrfedef;? OD;vdef;a*? OD;
0r®ol;idkif;? OD;atmifvdef;? OD;tGrfwef?
OD;uD;rmef (9)OD; wdkUudk pwifzrf;qD;
onf/ crnz taejzifh rem;rae
qufvufqE´jyrIjzifh qXrtBudrf
tjzpfvlaygif;(31)a,muftm;zrf;qD;
um wD;wdef? zvrf;? [m;cg;? jrif;jcH?
rEÅav;? uomtxd tqifhqifhaxmif
ajymif; csKyfaESmifjcif;cHcJhMuonf/
crnz\ tqkH;pGefEdkifiHa&; vIyf&Sm;rIESifh
pyfvsOf;í25-2-1939&ufjzifhol&d,
owif;pmwGif“awmfvSefa&;tp csif;awmif
u” acgif;pOfjzifh uefyufvufoydwf
wdkufyJGutp zrf;qD; nSif;yef;rIrsm;udk
a&;om;azmfjyonf/
1940 ZGefv (1)om,m0wD
nDvmcHutjyef a'gifhBuD;w&m;yJGwGif
csif;awmifEdkifiHa&;taMumif; ra[majym
&ef [oFw&m0wf0efaZ0D;,m;u ocif
atmifqef;xH owday;pmydkUonf/ xdk
pm&cgrS w&m;cH y&dwfowftm; axmifjy
um OD;0r®ol;armif;acgif;aqmifaom
crnz \ uefyufvuf oydwfwdkufyJG
aMumifh zrf;qDESdyfpufrIrsm;udk tao;
pdwfajymjyonf/ w&m;yJGjyD;í ocif
atmifqef;tm; zrf;qD;&mrS Armykvdyf
t&m&SdwpfOD;\ vsKdU0Sufowif;ay;rI
aMumifh oDoDuav;vGwfoGm;onfh
a'gifhBuD;w&m;yJGESifh ywfoufí
29-6-1940 &ufwGif yk'fr 124(u) jzifh
ocifatmifqef;tm; qkaiG (5) usyf
ay;rnf[k odu©mcs aMunmjcif;cH&onf/
ocifatmifqef;onf tzrf;rcHbJ
a&Smifwrf; &if; 8-8-1940 &ufwGif
w&kwfjynf tEdGKifjrdKUrSwqifh *syefppf
wyfESifh qufoG,fum wdkusKdjrdKUodkU
a&muf&Sdonf/ *syefwdkusKdrS jrefrmEdkifiH
odkU3-3-1941&ufwGif&kyfzsufjyef
0ifí9-3-1941&ufwGif&JabmfokH;
usdyfacgif;aqmifí ppfoifwef;wufjyD;
23-12-1941&ufwGifbefaumufü
opömjyKaoG;aomufí jAdwdoQtpdk;&
udk26-7-1943&uftxdwdkufxkwfEdkif
cJhonf/ 1942 ckESpf? {jyDv (1)&uf aeU
wGif uomtusOf;axmiftm; *syef
avwyfrS AkH;BuJí axmifvGmvmMu
aom OD;0r®ol;armif; (c) ocifarmif
armif;ESifhtzJGUonf csif;awmifjyef
a&mufonfESifh csif;awmiftESHU&Sd jAdwd
oQtpdk;&vufxJrS jrdKUe,ftm;vkH;udk
odrf;ydkufxdef;csKyfonf/ *syefppfwyf
onf jrefrmEdkifiHwdkif;&if;om;rsm;udk
vlrqefpGmESdyfpufvmojzifh rcHr&yf
Edkifjzpfí wpnf;wvkH;wnf; 0dkif;0ef;
wdkufcdkuf&m 1945 rwfvwGif zufqpf
awmfvSefa&;qkH;cef;wdkifcJhonf/ jAdwdoQ
tpdk;&onf 'kwd,urÇmppfjzpfpOf
jrefrmEdkifiHudk vufvTwfrnf[k vkH;0
rarQmfvifhcJhay/ *syefwdkU ppf&SkH;xGufajy;
í jAdwdoQwdkUjyef0ifvm&m puúLjzL
pDrHudef;a&;qJGvmjyD; 1953 tydk'f
pm (14) odkU
KNT News Journal Article February 2017 - Vol.V No.2 - 9
pm (7) rSe,fcsJUjAdwdoQawmfvSefa&;ESifh csif;trsKd;om;acgif;aqmif AdkvfMuGefbdcf (c) AdkvfpGefyuf
ESifh csif;vlrsKd;wdkU\ e,fcsJUawmfvSefa&; ordkif;tusOf; - tydkif; (2) tquf
wm&Tef;wdkUjAdwdoQxdef;csKyfe,fajr
pD;eif;jcif;
jAdwdoQtpdk;&wdkUrS uav;? uabmf
e,frodrf;ydkufrDtcsdefxd wm&Tef;
wdkUonf ajrjyefUodkU 0ifa&mufpD;eif
jcif; r&SdcJhacs/ ajrjyefUtm; tum
tuG,fay;&if; tjcm;rsKd;EG,fpkwdkU
\ ajrjyefUa'o pD;eifrIrsm;tay:
wGifvnf; ta&;,laqmif&GufcJh
onf/ odkUaomf þwpfBudrfwGifrl
wm&Tef;wdkU jrpfomjrpfteD;&Sd &Gmtm;
pD;eifjcif; jyKvkyfcJhonf/ taMumif;rSm
a&T*sLd;jzLESihf csif;ppfonfawmfrsm;
zrf;qD;xmaom vl 21 OD;tm; tyfESH
&eftwGuf zvrf;aumifpDacgif;
aqmifwpfcsKdUESihf apmfbGm;armif
ygBuD;rS apvTwfaom udk,fpm;vS,f
wdkUonf Tawyan &GmwGif 1888 ckESpf
Zlvdkifv23&ufaeUwGifawGUqkHcJh
Muonf/ xdkawGUqkHyGJwGif wm&Gef;
aumifpD acgif;aqmifrsm;rS zrf;qD;
cH&ol 21 OD;tm; apmfbGm;udk,fpm;vS,f
xHodkU tyfESHcJhonf/ apmfbGm;wdkU
csif;uif; &Gmodrf;ydkufpOf&Gm&Sdwm
&Tef;ydkif EGm;aemuf 42 aumiftm;
wm&Tef;wdkUxH jyefvnftyfESH&ef
apmfbGm;udk,fpm; vS,frsm;xHodkU
awmif;qdkcJhMuonf/ apmfbGm;udk,f
pm;vS,frsm;rS rajzMum;Edkifaom
tcg wm&Tef; acgif;aqmifrsm;u
aemuf13&uftwGif;jyefvnftyfESH
&efawmif;qdkjyD;? tyfESHjcif;rjyKygu
jrpfomeD;em; &Sd&Gmrsm; pD;eif;rnfjzpf
aMumif; owday;cJhonf/ apmfbGm;
bufrS jyefvnftyfESHjcif;r&Sdaom
tcg wm&Tef;wdkUonf owday;onhf
wdkif; jAdwdoQtkyfcsKyfaom jrpfom
jrpfteD;&Sd &Gmwpf&Gmtm; pD;eif;cJhMu
onf/ onfvdkESihf csif;-Arm-jAwdoQ
qufqHa&;onf twif;rmqkH;
tajctaeodkU a&muf&SdvmcJhonf/
jAdwdoQwdkUonf ajrjyefUtm; wm&Tef;
wdkUrS ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm tumtuG,f
ay;cJhonfudk owdxm;Muonf/
wm&Tef;wdkUtaeESifh ajrjyefUtm;
pD;eif;jcif;r&SdcJhjyD; tjcm;csif;rsKd;EG,f
pkrsm; pD;eif;onhfjzpf&yfrsm;wGifvnf;
wm&Tef;wdkUrS tjypfay;avh&Sdonf
udkvnf; owdxm;Muonf/ 1887
rwfvwGif wm&Tef;acgif;aqmifawG
eJU awGUqkHonhf aemufydkif;wGif
pD;,if;-pmcDvdef;wdkUbufrS pD;eif;
jcif;r&Sdawmhonhftcsufvnf; owd
xm;Muonf/ ,cktcg wm&Tef;wdkU
udk,fwdkif ajrjyefUtm; pD;eif;jcif;jyK
vkyfvmjyD;?¤if;wdkU\vkyf&yfaMumif;
pD;,if;? [m;cg; ESihf ZdkcGm;wdkUonf
vnf; pD;eifjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfvmrnf
jzpfonf/ onfvdkjzpfvmvsif ajrjyefU
onfysufpD;ukefrnfjzpfaMumif;
pdk;&drfcJhMuonf/ apmfbGm;a[mif;
rsm;ESihf a&T*sLd;jzLrif;om;wdkU wm&Tef;
wdkUvufxJwGif &Sdaeoa&GU ajrjyefU
onf jidrf;csrf;Edkifrnfr[kwfaMumif;?
¤if;wdkUtm;jAdwdoQvufxJodkUrjzpf
raetyfESHEdkif&ef BudK;pm;cJh&awmh
onf/ aemufjyD; jAdwdoQwdkUonf
ppfa&;twGuf jyifqifrIrsm; pwif
jyKvkyfvmMuonf/
csif;awmifajrmufydkif; pnf;vkH;jcif;
jAdwdoQawmfvSefa&;onf a&SmifvGJ
vdkUr&onhf tajctaewGif &SdjyDjzpf
aomaMumihf wm&Tef;wdkUonf zvrf;
jrdKUe,frS tiftm;BuD;rsKd;EG,fpkrsm;?
tjcm; tiftm;BuD;rsKd;EG,fpkrsm;jzpf
aom ZdkcGgESihf [m;cg;? aemufjyD;
pD;,if;? urfa[mifwdkUESihfvnf;
r[mrdwfzGJUcJhMuonf/ jAdwdoQ
awmfvSefa&;twGuf csif;awmif
ajrmufydkif;wpfckvkH; pnf;&kH;rItm;
Capt. G.S Eyre \ tpD&ifcHpm (No.
1060, dated 14th November 1888) wGif
MuGefbdcfonf olUppfom; 1000 ESihf
twl ZdkcGg;bufodkhxGufcGmcJhonhf
taMumif; awGUEdkifonf/ aemufjyD;
(No. 74) 1888 ckESpf pufwifbm
17 &ufaeUtpD&ifcHpmwGif ZdkcGg;?
[m;cg;? Sakta rsKd;EG,fpkwdkUonf
awGUqkHrIrsm;jyKvkyfjyD; jAdwdoQ
tpdk;&tm; wdkufcdkuf&ef oabmwl
cJhMuonf/ xdktzGJUtm; Kape, Lonta,
Aika, Tawa, Lotaw, Sepi ESihf Sinsit
&GmwdkUrSvnf; jAdwdoQawmfvSefa&;
wGif yl;aygif;&ef oabmwlcJhMu
onf/¤if;wdkUonfwm&Tef;wdkUxHodkU
ppfwyftiftm; apvTwfjcif;r&Sday/
odkUaomf wm&Tef;wdkUESihf wpfxyfwnf;
usvsuf vIyf&Sm;&ef oabmwlcJhMu
onf/ (They will act in accord with the Tashons, but will not join them
in the field) wD;wdefe,frS pD;,if;?
urfa[mifESihf pcD;vif;rsKd;EG,fpk
wdkUonfvnf; jAdwdoQwdkUtm;
wdkufcdkuf&ef zvrf;aumif;pDESihf
aqG;aEG;wdkifwnfMuonf/ pD;,if;
ppfonfawmfwdkUonf 1888 ckESpf
rwfvavmufrSpjyD; wm&Tef;wdkUESifh
tpfwlwpfuG yl;aygif;jyD;jzpfonf/
ajrmufy d ki f ;csi f;vlrs K d ;wd k Uonf
rsKd;EG,fpkwpfckESihf wpfcktMum;
&SdcJhonfhjyoemrsm;tm; ab;z,f
xm;um jyify&efoljzpfaom jAdwdoQ
wdkUtm; wdkufcdkuf&ef AdkvfMuGefbdcf
OD;aqmifrIatmufwGif pnf;pnf;vkH;
vkH;&SdMuonf/
jAdwdoQtpdk;&rS wm&Tef;&Gmr zvrf;odkU
udk,fpm;vS,f apvTwfjcif;
jAdwdoQwdkUvdkvm;aom apmfbGm;
a[mif;rsm;ESihf a&T*sLd;jzLrif;om;
tm; olwdkUxHodkU tyfESHEdkif&eftwGuf
jAdwdoQtpdk;&onf aemufwpfBudrf
udk,fpm;vS,fapvTwfcJhonf/ þ
wpfBudrfwGif armifvlBuD;ESihf armif
aumufwdkUonf jAdwdoQudk,fpm;
vS,ftjzpf wm&Tef;wdkU\jrdKUawmf
zvrf;odkU oGm;a&mufjyD; jAdwdoQwdkU
vdkvm;aomtcsufrsm;udk oGm;a&muf
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mang (48) udk zrf;qD;um trI
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ckESpfatmufwdkbmv13&ufaeU
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10 - KNT News Journal Article February 2017 - Vol.V No.2
pm (12) odkU
rsm;tm; repfemap&ef yifpifaxmufyhH
aMu; rsm;ay;&ef? a&S;acwfrStoHk;jyK
aom ya'o&mZftkyfcsKyfa&;pepfudk
'Drkdua&pDenf;us tkyfcsKyfa&;pepf
jzifh ajymif;vJ&ef wifoGif;cJhMuonf/
xdktpD&ifcHpmonf csif;awmifwpf
cGifwGif pHkprf;jcif;jyKvkyfonfh tajz
rsm; jzpfonfESifhtrQ vlxkqE´udk
ay:vGifaponf/ EdkifiHawmftpdk;&rS
vnf; tqdkwifoGif;rIrsm;udk axmuf
cHjyD;? csif;a&;&maumifpDu 1948
ckESpf csif;0daoowkdif; ( Oya'rsm;
oufqkdifjcif;) tufOya'ukd 12-10
-1948 ckESpfwGif usif;yonhf wkdif;jyK
jynfjyKvTwfawmf (ygvDref) nDvmcH
u tufOya'tjzpf twnfjyKqkH;
jzwfcJhygonf/ xdknDvmcHwGif csif;
a&;&maumifpDrS a&;qGJxm;aom
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vnf; twnfjyKcJhMuonf/ þtuf
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wef; tufOya'ukd zsufodrf;jyD;
csif;vlrsKd;rsm;udk,fwdkifa&;qGJaom
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jcif;? aqG;aEG;jcif;ESifh twnfjyKjcif;
OD;0r®ol;armif;acgif;aqmifaom
csif;a&;&maumifpDonf tkyfcsKyfa&;
ajymif;vJjcif;ESifhtjcm; vkyfief;rsm;
jzifh 1948-49 twGif;vkH;yef; BudK;pm;
cJhju&onf/ csif;vlrsLd;wdkYonf
jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiHwGif ta&;
ygaom vlrsdK;jzpfonfh txdrf;trSwf
usif;y&ef ta&;MuD;vdktyfonfudk
vnf; todtrSwfjyKvmMuonf/
csif;a&;&maumifpD tpnf;ta0;
(1950 atmufwdkbm 9 &ufaeY)
\ qHk;jzwfcsuf
1950 atmufwdkbmv (9) &ufaeY-
wGif usif;yaom csif;a&;&maumifpD
tpnf;ta0;wGif csif;trsdK;om;aeY
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wGif ta&;MuD;aom&ufwpf&uf
a&G;cs,fcJhMuonf/ xdkUaMumifh þ
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jzpfonf[k ,HkMunfrdygonf/ þ
tpnf;ta0;rSwfwrf;tm; &efukef
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uefyufvufe,ftrwf)/ csif;trsKd;
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tqdkudkwifoGif;&jcif;rSm trsdK;om;
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vnf; csif;trsdK;om;aeY&Sdoifhw,f
vdkY ,lqwJhtwGuf 'Dtqdkudk wifoGif;
&jcif;jzpfygw,f/
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csif;trsdK;om;aeY[k owfrSwf&ef
twGuf þtqdkudk axmufcHygw,f
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owfrSwf&ef udpöESifhpyfvsOf;í
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rif;MuD; tjcm;yk*d¾Kvfrsm;ESifh aeUoHk;
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tjyD;owfqHk;jzwftwnfrjyK&ao;yg
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wdkY tkyfcsKyfrIvufatmufrS 'Drdkua&
pDtkyfcsKyfa&;opfodkY ajymif;vJcJhonfh
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aom 1948 ckESpf azazmf0g&D (20)
&ufaeY/ wwd,? csif;0daoo wdkif;
tufOya' jyXmef;twnfjyKwJhaeY/
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trwf)/ obmywdMuD;cifAsm;? þ
tqdkESifhyufoufjyD; uRefawmf enf;
enf; a0zefcsifygw,f/ 1946 ckrwfv
yifvHkuGefz&ifh? 1947 ck ZEé0g&Dv
ukefcgeD; azazmf0g&DvwGif 'kwd,
yifvHkuGefz&ifh? 1947 ckESpfrwfvESifh
{jyDvrSm awmifwef;a'otifuGm
&Daumfr&SifarjrdKU tp&SdwJh tqdk&Sif
trwfrif; wifoGif;wJhtwdkif;jzpfyg
w,f/ 1946 ckESpfrwfvwGif usif;y
cJhwJh yifvHkuGefz&ifhrSm jynfaxmifpk
ESifh awmifwef;a'o\ tajctae?
'kwd,jynfrESifh tquftoG,f jyK
vkyfzdkYtwGuf jynfrrSm&SdwJh acgif;
aqmifrsm;eJYawmifwef;a'orSm&SdwJh
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jynfaxmifpkxJrSm aygif;zdkYoab
mwljyD;aemuf 1947 ckESpfZGefv 10
&ufaeYrSm jynfr&Sdvlxkudk,fpm;vS,f
tm;vHk; pkaygif;jyD; wdkif;jyKjynfjyK
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wdkifwdkif vlxkudk,fpm;vS,f 250 u
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20 &uf? eHeuf 11 em&DtcsdefrSm csif;vlxk
nDvmcHudk zvrf;jrdKUrSm usif;ycJhwJh
twGuf? tkyfcsKyfa&;rla[mif;rS 'Drdk
ua&pDrlopftkyfcsKyfa&;odkY ajymif;vJ
cJhwJhtwGuf 1948 ckESpf azazmf0g&D
v 20 &ufaeY eHeuf 11 em&D tcsdef
udk csif;trsdK;om;aeYtjzpf jyXmef;
owfrSwf&ef av;av;eufeuf
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ajymwJhpum;xJrSm uRefawmfajymvdk
wmu uRefawmfwdkY awmifydkif; csif;
awmifrSm azazmf0g&Dvqdk&if pyg;
&dwfcsdefjzpfaeí vlxktrsm; tm;vyf
&uf r&EdkifonfhtwGuf 'DZifbmv
avmufwGif owfrSwfay;&ef ajymvdk
ygw,f/
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OD;qHedrf;u uyÜwdefref;okef;\ tqdk
udk axmufcHygovm; (odkYr[kwf)
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v 25 &ufaeYwGif owfrSwfay;&ef
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ajymaewmu azazmf0g&Dv 20 &uf
wdkif;rSm vlxktpnf;ta0; usif;y
jyKvkyf&eftwGuf ajymqdkaxmufcH
aejcif;r[kwfyg/ azazmf0g&Dv 20
&ufaeYonf csif;trsdK;om;aeY[lí
om txdrf;trSwfoabmESifh &Sdap&ef
twGuf axmufcHaejcif;jzpfyg
w,f/
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uGufyg/
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(csif;trsdK;om;aeY) aemufrS (1948ck?
azazmf0g&D 20 &ufaeY) [k xyfrH
jznfhpGwf&ef tqdkwifoGif;ygw,f/
OD;vsifxkrf; (obmywd)/ jyifqif
csuftqdkudk aumifpDubabmwl
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trwftm;vH k ;oabmwlojzif h
atmufygtwdkif;tqdkudk jyifqifí
csif;trsdK;om;aeYtjzpf owfrSwf
a&G;cs,f twnfjyKvdkufonf/ “csif;
trsdK;om;aeYudk 1948 ckESpf? azazmf
0g&Dv 20 &ufaeYtjzpf a&G;cs,f
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jyK&ef”/ 1948 ckESpf? azazmf0g&Dv
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csif;trsdK;om;aeY [lí csif;a&;&m
aumifpDrS a&G;cs,ftwnfjyKygonf/
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tpnf;ta0;rSwfwrf;onf t&Sif;
vif;qHk;ESifh tcdkifvHkqHk;oufao
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om;aeY&Sdoifhonf[k ,lqjcif;
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ordkif;wGifta&;MuD;onfh aeYoHk;&uf
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ckESpf? azazmf0g&D 20 &uftm;a&G;cs,f
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csif;trsdK;om;aeY&SdoifhonfqdkwJh
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MuonfhtpOftvm&SdMuonf/¤if;
wdkYtrsdK;om; aeYrsm;wGif vlrsdK;wpfrsdK;
jzpfMuonf? vlrsdK;wpfrsdK; tjzpf
wnf&SdMuonfudk txdrf;trSwf
yGJrsm;jzifh qifEGJavh&SdMuonf/
xdkaeYxl;aeYjrwftwGuf a&G;cs,f
KNT News Journal Article February 2017 - Vol.V No.2 - 11
pm (12) odkU
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uajymonf/
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tdrfae&m csay;Edkif&ef tpdk;&xH
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12 - KNT News Journal Article February 2017 - Vol.V No.2
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References: 1. Documents from National
Archive Department, Yangon. 2. Chin National Day by Hrangtar Nawnkhar. Hrangtar Nawnkhar conducted a thorough research on this topic. He quoted mostly from Yangon, National Ar-chive Department, Chin Files at Historical Research Centre, Yangon le University Historical Research Center, Yangon. 3. U Vum Thu Maung speech published in the Falam Centenary Magazine. 4. U Vum Thu Maung Memoir written in 1964.
5. Private Archives.
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KNT News Journal Entertainment February 2017 - Vol.V No.2 - 13
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touf 100jynfharG;aeUyGJtwGuf oDcsif;acGopf
jzefUcsdrnfh jAdwdeftqdkawmf Am&mvif;
jAdwdef*EÅ0iftqdkawmf Am&m
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awmf olrtwGufawmh jAdwdeft,fvf
brfZ,m;ü yxrOD;qHk;&mjynfh tqdk
awmfwpfOD;\ tacGjzpfvmrnfjzpfonf/
“Forces sweetheart” [kvlod
rsm;onfh olronf “Vera Lynn 100” [k
trnfay;xm;aom “We’ll Meet Again”
ESifh “Sailing” ponfhaygufoDcsif;rsm;
yg0ifonfh rmpwmtacGtm; olr\
&mjynfharG;aeU ra&mufcifoHk;&uftvdk
rwfv 17&ufaeUü jzefUcsDoGm;zdkU pDpOf
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oufaeqJjzpfw,fqdkwmudk Mum;&
wm tvGefudk0rf;omrdjyD; [dk;tcsdefawG
wkef;u cHpm;csufawGudk jyefcHpm;rdyg
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a,muftaeeJU usGefrtvkyfudk usGefr
vkyfwmyg/ usGefr&JUoDcsif;awGudk yHkpH
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vnfem;qif&wm[m usGefrtwGuf
awmh wu,fhudk &ifoyf&IarmzG,f&m
awGygyJ” vkdU olru qufajymcJhonf/
mizzima
rDvefjrdKUrSm cspfoleJU
twl aysmfyg;aewJh
c&pfpwif;pwD;0yf
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jrifrIawGudk &,lcJhEkdifwJh rif;orD;acsm
c&pöwif;pwD;0yf[m olUudk,fol les-bian vkdU cH,lxm;wmMumjrifhcJhygjyD/
tckawmh olr[m cspfoljzpf
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wpfvufudkvnf; wyfxm;wmaMumifh
olUyHkpHMunfh&wmuawmh vHk;0 a,musfm;
av;qefaecJhygw,f/
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rESpfu arvwnf;u wGJckwfaeMu
wmjzpfjyD; c&pöwif;[m rufZf0JvfeJU
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pGmudk 'dwfvkyfcJhwmyg/ c&pfpwif;[m
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wifqefeJU vrf;cGJjyD;wJhaemufrSm tckvdk
yHkpHjzpfoGm;wmvnf; jzpfygw,f/
opfxl;vGif
rmv0DrS uav;ESpfOD;tm; arG;pm;&ef
rufa'gem; cGifhjyKcsuf &&SdcJh
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ESpfOD;udk arG;pm;&efcGifhjyKvkdufjyDjzpf
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wpfOD;rS aMunmcJhygonf/
tqdkyg cGifhjyKcsuftm; rmv0D
EkdifiHawmfw&m;&Hk;rS jyD;cJhaom wevFm
aeUu xkwfjyefaMunmcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
tqdkawmfrufa'gem;onf
t&ifwkef;uvnf; tmz&duEdkifiHrS
uav;ESpfOD;tm; arG;pm;cJhzl;jyD; 4if;wdkU
rSm 2006ckESpfwGif arG;pm;cJhaom a';Apf
trnf&Sd a,muFsm;av;wpfOD;ESifh 2009
ckeSpfwGif arG;pm;cJhaom rmpD trnf&Sd
rdef;uav;wpfOD;wdkU jzpfMuonf/
rmv0D*sL&DtzGJUrS ajyma&;
qdkcGihf&Sdol trfvef*gtrfblvmu
vDvGef0D&Sdw&m;&Hk;wGif tqdkyg cGifhjyK
rdefUtm; ay;tyfcJhcsdefü rufa'gem;onf
&Hk;awmftwGif;ü &SdcJhaMumif; twnfjyK
cJhonf/
“usaemfwdkUolrudk cGifhjyKrdefU
ay;cJhwJhtcsdefrSm olr[m &Hk;awmfxJrSm
olr\a&SUaersm;ESifhtwl &SdaecJhygw,f”
[k rpöwmtrfblvmu ajymcJhonf/
j y D ; c J h a o m v u v n f ;
rufa'gem;onf rmv0DEdkifiHrS uav;
ESpfOD;tm; arG;pm;awmhrnfqdkaom
owif;rsm;udk rmv0DEdkifiHodkU &efyHkaiG
udpöjzifh tvnftywfvma&mufpOf
wGif jiif;qefcJhzl;ygonf/ mizzima
14 - KNT News Journal Article February 2017 - Vol.V No.2
139 Oya'twdkif; bk&ifcHpHepfjzifh
tkyfcsKyf&efjzpfonf/ csif;awmifwef;
udk ajcukwf,lvsuf jAdwdoQtpdk;&
tm; trsKd;rsKd;jzifhwdkuf0ifaeaom OD;
0r®ol;armif;udk (emrnf ysufpm&if;) EkdifiH
awmfykefukefoltjzpf (&efolawmftrSwf
-1)pm&if;wGif xnfhoGif;í zrf;rdoludk
(5000) usyf? tao&acgif;jzwf,l
vmoltm; qkaiG (1000) usyfay;rnf
[k a&;qJGí aemufajymifjyD; t*Fvdyfrsm;
,laqmifvmMuonf/1943Zlvkdifv
(25) &ufwGif ocifatmifqef;onf
Adkvfvif;ESifh &Jabmf[kef;avmtGrfudk
OD;0r®ol;armif;xH apvTwfí wdkif;(7)
A d kvfr S L ;atmifwyfE Si f hy l ;aygi f ;í
qufvuf awmfvSef&ef wm0efay;onf/
OD;0r®ol;armif;onf 1945
rwfvwGif zufqpfawmfvSefa&;jyD;qkH;
ojzifh csif;trsKd;om;bDtdkifat wyf
rawmf(372)a,mufudkArmhvGwfvyf
a&;wyfrwmfodkU oGwfoGif;cJhonf/
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;onf zufqpfawmf
vSefa&;qkH;cef;wdkifí jyef0ifvmaom
jAdwdoQwdkU\ &efoltrSwf-1 owfrSwf
cHí touftEÅ&m,fBuD;rm;vSaom
OD;0r®ol;armif;xH csif;trsKd;om; Adkvf
ausmfOD;ESifh &Jabmf (4)a,muf jzifh
tac: vTwfvdkufonf/ OD;0r®ol;armif;
onf avmif;0pfvrf;&Sd jynfolU&Jabmf
XmecsKyfwGif &du©m rSL;wm0efjzifhaepOf
olaetdrfBuD;yg tdrfwpfvkH;pmysOfykHESifh
tdrfxJypönf;avSmifydwf rD;wif&IdUjcif;
cH&ojzifh umvwefzdk; usyfESpfaomif;
cefU qkH;&SlH;onf/ 1946 ZEé0g&DvwGif
zqyv tzJGUcsKyfBuD;odkU 0ifa&mufcJh
aom csif;trsKd;om; acgif;aqmif OD;
0r®ol;armif;u OD;aqmifí 0r®ol;&Gm
wGif vlxknDvmcH BuD;w&yfusif;y
jyKvkyfum rdrdudk,fwdkif OuúXtjzpf
aqmif&GufjyD; OD;uD,dkref; ([m;cg;)?
OD;uD;azvdef;? OD;tGrfedef? ODrem;uD;?
OD;vdef;a*? OD;[kef;idkif;wdkU trIaqmif
rsm;tjzpfyg0ifaom csif;awmif zqy
vudkzJGUpnf;Muonf/ jAdwdoQwdkU\
puúLjzL tkyfcsKyfrIpDrHudef;udk 1946
ZGefv (29) &ufaeUwGif wdkif;&if;om;
aygif;pkH vlaygif;wpfaomif;ausmf
wufa&mufaom vlxktpnf;ta0;
yJGBuD;rS uefUuGufqE´jyMuonf/
xdkUaMumifh jAdwdoQwdkUonf
1946 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv (4) &ufaeUwGif
bk&ifcH a':refprpftm; tajctaet&
t*FvefodkUjyefac:um olUae&mwGif
bk&ifcHopfjzifh jrefrmEkdifiHjyóemrsm;
udk ajz&Sif;ay;a&;twGuf qm[l; b&efU
udk t*Fveftpdk;&odkUvTwfonf/
1945 Mo*kwfv (19) &ufaeU
wGif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;onf wdkif;&if;
om;acgif;aqmifrsm;? toif;ol toif;
om;rsm;? toif;tzJGUESifh EkdifiHolEkdifiH
pm (8) rS e,fcsJJUawmfvSefaom csif;trsKd;om;aeU tquf
om;rsm;yg0ifonfh aeol&defnDvmcH
BuD;wpf&yfudk &efukef uefawmfBuD;
apmif;&Sd (aeol&defpuf&kHBuD;)twGif;ü
BuD;us,fcrf;em;pGm usif;yvdkufMu
onf/ xdknD vmcHodkU OD;0r®ol;armif;
wufa&mufí awmifwef;rsm;udk,fpm;
jrefrmEdkifiHvGwfvyfa&;tqdkudk wifoGif;
cJhonf/ 1946 ZEé0g&Dv (20)&ufaeU
wGif a&TwD*kHtv,fypö,Hüusif;yaom
zqyv tzJGUcsKyf nDvmcHodkU OD;0r®ol;
armif;udk,fwdkifwufa&mufí jrefrm
EdkifiHvGwfvyfa&;tqdkudk csif;trsKd;om;
rsm;udk,fpm; axmufcHwifjycJhonf/
1946 pufwifbmv (26) &ufwGif
vef'efjrdKU&Sd jAdwdoQA[dktpdk;&\
nTefMum;csuft& AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;
tpdk;&tzJGUudk tmPmvTJajymif;ay;tyf
onf/ xdktcsdefwGif rpöwmtufwvD
acgif;aqmifaom tpdk;&u t*Fvef
EdkifiHtkyfcsKyfaecsdefjzpfí 'DZifbm (20)
&ufwGif ArmhvGwfvyfa&;twGuf aqG;
aEG;&ef AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;udk zdwfMum;
onf/1947ZEé0g&Dv(13)&ufrS(27)
&ufaeUtxd nSdEdIif;í atmifjrifpGm
jyD;qkH;cJhonf/
jAdwdoQwdkUonf ajrmufydkif;
csif;awmifwGif ajcukwf,ltrmcHwnf
aqmufa&;twGuf yxrurÇmppf jyD;qkH;
onfESifhwqufwnf; uav;rS tdEd´,
e,fpyf arma&;jrdKUtxd (96) rdkif uwÅ&m
vrf;wl;azmufjcif;? 'kwd, urÇmppf
twGif; uav;rS wD;wdef? wGef;ZHudkjzwf
í tdEd,e,fpyf usDcg;odkU ajrom;vrf;
wl;azmufjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfcJhonf/ þ
onfwdkUudk taMumif;jyKí 12-2-1947
&ufwGifusif;yonfh yifvkHnDvmcHwGif
awmifay: ajrjyefUwcsdefwnf; vkH;0
vGwfvyfa&;twGuf csif;awmifudk,fpm;
jyK zvrf;rS OD;vI&frIef? [m;cg;rS OD;uD,dk
ref;? wD;wdefrS OD;awmifZcyfwdkU vuf
rSwfa&;xdk;cJhMuonf/ 1947 {jyDv (7)
&ufwGif wdkif;jyKjynfjyK vTwfawmf
a&G;aumufyJGusif;yí zJGUpnf;ykHtajccH
Oya'udk 9-6-1947 rS 24-9-1947 &uf
txd vTwfawmfü a&;qJGtwnfjyKMu
onf/ Oya' tcef;aygif; (14) tydk'f
aygif;(234)&Sdonfhteuftcef;(5)
tydk'f 156-197 ESifh 198 t& csif;
0daoowdkif;ESifh csif;aumifpDjzpfay:
vmonf/1947rwfv(3)&ufrS(5)
&uftxd csif;-Arm cspfMunfa&;
nDvmcHudk xD;vif;jrdKUü pnf;um;
odkufjrdKufpGm usif;yum txdrf;trSwf
ausmufwdkifudk ordkif;0ifpdkufxlcJhMu
onf/ ArmzufrS AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;
udk,fpm; 'D'kwfOD;bcsKd acgif;aqmifí
vlaygif;ajcmufaxmifcefU wufa&muf
í csif;trsKd;om;rS OD;0r®ol;armifacgif;
aqmifum vlxkig;axmifcefU pkpkaygif;
wpfaomif;cefUwufa&mufcJhonf/
1948 azazmf0g&Dv (20) &uf
aeUwGif csif;awmif? zvrf;jrdKUü vl
aygif;ig;axmifausmf wufa&mufaom
nDvmcHü EkdifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfESifh csif;
a&;&m0efBuD;udk,fwdkifwufa&mufí
jrefrmEkdifiHvkH;0 vGwfvyfa&; &aMumif;
aMunmjcif;? jynfolUvTwfawmfudk,f
pm;vS,fwpfOD;rS wdkufolBuD;rsm;\
AsK&dkua&pD tkyfcsKyfa&; pHepfy,fzsuf
í 'Drdkua&pDtkyfcsKyfa&;,EÅ&m;jzifh
tpm;xdk;tkyfcsKyf&ef tqdkwifoGif;
jcif;ESifh vlrsKd;pk vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
wpfOD;rS axmufcHí twnfjyKjcif;wdkU
udk ordkif;0if rSwfwrf;wifcJhonf/ 1947
ckESpf? Zlvdkif (19) &ufwGif acgif;aqmif
BuD;rsm;vkyfBuHcH&jcif;? 1948 rwfv
(28) &ufwGif ocifoef;xGef; ESifh ocif
pdk;acgif;aqmifaom uGefjrLepfygwD
vufeufudkif awmcdkykefuefjcif;? 1949
azazmf0g&Dv (1) &ufaeUwGif u&if
wyf&if; cJGxGufykefuefjcif;ponfh
jynfwGif;ppfrD; t&Sdef jrifhwufaecsdef
jzpfonf/
csif;a&;&m0efBuD;\ vTwfawmf
ESpf&yfpkHnDtpnf;ta0;wGif aqG;aEG;
nSdEdIif;í wnDwnGwfwnf; oabmwl
qkH;jzwfxm;aom (e,fcsJUawmfvSef
aom csif;trsKd;om;aeU) udk 1950 ckESpf?
azazmf0g&Dv (20) &ufaeUwGif rif;wyf
jrdKUü yxrtBudrftjzpf pnf;um;
odkufjrdKufpGm usif;ycJhonf/ EdkifiHawmf
0efBuD;csKyfESifh csif;a&;&m0efBuD;wdkU
wufa&mufí EdkifiHawmfor®wESifh
jynfe,f0efBuD;wdkUu o0PfvTmrsm;
ay;ydkUMuonf/ xdkaeUudk tpJGjyKí jrefrmh
pG,fpkHMurf; twJG(2) csif;vlrsKd; pmrsufESm
(395)wGifazazmf0g&Dv(20)&ufaeU
udk ‘csif;trsKd;om;aeU’ [k jynfaxmifpk
tpdk;&u todtrSwfjyKxm;avonf/
csif;trsKd;om;aeU\ tESpfcsKyftaMumif;
cHtcsuf(3)csuf&Sdygonf/
(1)crnz\23-11-1938&ufuef
yufvufoydwfaMumifh 20-2-1939
&uf tzJGUacgif;aqmif (9) OD; zrf;qD;
tusOf;csKyfcH&jcif;udk25-2-1939&uf
wGif ol&d,owif;pmü ‘awmfvSefa&;
tp csif;awmifu’ [k a&;om;azmf
jyjcif;?
(2) 1940 ZGefv (1)&ufwGif a'gifhBuD;
w&m;yJGü csif;awmif (crnz) EdkifiHa&;
vIyf&Sm;rItaMumif; a[majymonfh
twuf ocifatmifqef;udk 0&rf;xkwf
&mu &JabmfokH;usdyfrS vGwfvyfa&;
tusKd;quf jzpfay:vmjcif;/
(3) jrefrmEdkifiHvGwfvyfa&;twGuf
csif;udk,fpm;vS,f (3)OD;rS yifvkHnD-
vmcHwGif vufrSwfa&;xdk;jcif;ESifh 20-
2-1948 &uf zvrf;nDvmcHwGif wdkuf
olBuD;rsm;\ AsK&dkua&pDtmPm&Sif
tkyfcsKyfa&;pHepf &yfpJaMumif; aMunm
jcif;wdkUjzpfonf/ 1957 azazmf0g&Dv
(20)&uf e0rtBudrfajrmuf csif;trsKd;
om;aeUudk csif;a&;&m 0efBuD;rS (yef;aeU)
[k pdwful;,OfowfrSwfí &efukefESifh
rEÅav;wuúodkvfrS csif;ausmif;om;rsm;
u qE´jyuefUuGufMuojzifh csif;trsKd;
om;aeUtjzpf jyefvnfusif;yMuonf/
1966 wGif azazmf0g&Dv (20)
&ufaeUudk a'oygwDOD;aqmifrIjzifh
csif;OD;pD;tzJGUu ‘csif;0daoowdkif;aeU’ tjzpf ajymif;vJowfrSwfcJhonf/ yJGaeU
wGif txl;zdwfMum;jcif;cH&aom OD;0r®
ol;armif;u tcrf;tem;wGif wpfwdkif;
jynfvkH;u toufaoG;acGs;ajrmufrsm;
pGmjzifh &if;,lcJhaom ‘trsKd;om;vGwf
vyfa&;atmifyJGaeU’ udk vG,fvifhwul
t"dyÜg,frJhpGm ajymif;vJowfrSwfjcif;cH
&onfudk 0rf;enf;aMuuJG&ygaMumif;
aemufqkH; rdefUcGef;acGscJhonf/ olUtm;
csD;jrSifhay;tyfaom *kPfjyKvufaqmif
rsm;udkvnf;vufrcHbJ23-2-1966
&ufaeU tjyefc&D;wGifum;arSmufí
yJGcsif;jyD;uG,fvGefcJh&onf/ xdkjzpf&yf
tay: rauseyfMuaom EkdifiHa&; orm;
a[mif; rsKd;cspfyk*¾dKvfwdkUu tusKd;
taMumif;jyefvnfwifjyí rlvusif;y
onfhtwdkif; ‘csif;trsKd;om;aeU’ qufvufusif;ycGifh &cJhonf/
1973ckESpfzGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfykH
tajccHOya’wGif csif;trsKd;om;aeUudk
csif;jynfe,faeUtjzpf ajymif;vJ owf
rSwf&ef wifjya&;qJGonfhtpDtpOfudk
rwlyDjrdKUe,f jynfolUvTwfawmfudk,f
pm;vS,f (trwfa[mif;) OD;refvsef;
u uefUuGufí rlv csif;trsKd;om;aeU
tjzpf qufvufusif;ycGifh&jyefonf/
wzef2003azazmf0g&Dv(20)&ufaeU
udk csif;jynfe,faeUtjzpf csif;jynf
e,f0efBuD;tzJGUu trdefUtmPmjzifh
wnf;MuyfpGm nTefMum;vmojzifh trsKd;
om;aeUrSm w’*F&yfem;cJh&jyefonf/
odkU&mwGif 9-12-2012 &ufwGif jynf
axmifpkor®wjrefrmEdkifiHawmf tpdk;&
ESifh (CNF) csif;trsKd;om;wyfOD;wdkU
wwd,tBudrfajrmuf jidrf;csrf;a&;aqG;
aEG;yJGwGif azazmf0g&Dv (20)&ufaeU
csif;trsKd;om;aeUudk ESpfpOfusif;ycGifh
jyefvnf&&Sdjcif; onf ordkif;armfuGef;
wif&rnfyifjzpfonf/
txl;ojzifh csif;trsKd;om;aeU
udk ‘awmfvSefa&;tp csif;awmifu’ [k
jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;\ uGif;quf jzpf
onfudk tusKd;rjrifbJ vlrsKd;a&;ESifh twÅ
*kPfj'yftawG;aygufaom taMumif;
w&m;aMumifhom ay:wcg jrSyfwvSnfh
jzpfcJh&onf/ rnfokdUqkdap bdk;bGm;
abbDtqufqufu aoG;acsmif;pD;
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