controlling boiler emissions in an industrial cluster-a case study
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Controlling boiler emissions in an industrial cluster-A case study. Prof. H S Syed Asst. Prof . of Env . Engg L. D. College of Engg , Ahmedabad. November , 2011. Chimney, the stack attached to the boiler house. A symbol of progress and development in the past - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Controlling boiler emissions in an industrial cluster-A case study
Prof. H S SyedAsst. Prof. of Env. Engg
L. D. College of Engg, Ahmedabad
November , 2011
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Chimney, the stack attached to the boiler house.
• A symbol of progress and development in the past
• Now, a symbol of pollution and hence a concern
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Heat requirements in the industry are satisfied by
steam generated at boiler house.
Boiler House - an important source of air pollution.
Different types of boilers, of different capacities using
different types of fuel with different operating conditions
are in use.
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Case Study:
• Narol Industrial cluster of textile process houses
was identified as a major source of pollution by
Supreme Court appointed Environmental Pollution Control
Authority(EPCA) – Bhurelal Committee.
• Also identified by GPCB as major air polluter with reference to
CEPI (Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Index ) score
of MOEF .
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Environmental Engg Department , L D College of
Enginering , Ahmedabad was approached by
Ahmedabad Textile Process Association (ATPA) to
study the problem and provide a solution to
pollution.
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Case Study:
• Narol Industrial cluster of textile process houses
122 Process Houses
91 having Steam Boilers and Thermic Fluid Heaters
87 have been surveyed and data collected
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Broad Classification Of Boilers Based On
Steam Generation Capacity
≤ 2 Ton/hr 35
5 – 7.5 Ton/hr 35
10 Ton/hr 14
≥ 10 Ton/hr 3
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The Different Fuels Used In The BoilerSr No. Steam Generation Capacity Type of fuel No. of units
1 ≤ 2 T/hr Saw dust 2
Wood 33
Lignite 7
2 5 T/hr Saw dust 5
Lignite 19
Wood 8
Coal 3
3 10 T/hr Agro waste 1
Lignite 10
Coal 3
4 > 10 T/hr Agro waste 1
Lignite 2
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The common fuels used are wood for ≤ 2 Ton/hr and lignite for ≥ 5
Ton/hr capacity boilers.
Proximate Analysis of Fuel
Proximate Analysis
Wood Indian CoalLignite
(MatanoMadh)Saw Dust
Moisture -- 5.98 11.71 37.98
Ash 0.10 38.63 20.05 1.63
Volatile Matter 76.40 34.69 41.70 81.22
Fix Carbon 23.50 20.70 26.20 17.15
The Proximate Analysis Of The Fuel
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The common air pollutants encountered: PM,
SO2 & NOx
The air pollutants namely particulate matter (PM),
SO2 and NOx primarily depend on the fuel used
as well as on the operating conditions and
procedures adopted.
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Based on the proximate analysis stoichometry calculation for
pollutants (50% Excess Air)
Parameters Lignite Saw Dust
PM, mg/m3 10,200 3950
SO2, ppm 500 --
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Out of 87 - 30 selected units were monitored for air pollution
parameters.
Sr. No.
Steam Generation
Capacity
PM mg/Nm3 SO2 ppm NOx
Range Average Range Average Range Average
1 2 Ton/hr 225 – 698 450 9 – 308 120 0.5 – 8.0 4
2 5 Ton/hr 61 – 840 435 6 – 400 175 0.5 – 9.0 7
3 10 Ton/hr 500 – 2500 1500 12 -700 350 5-14 10
The Measured Concentration Of Pollutants
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The present scenario: About pollutant control equipments/
systems;
Practically all boilers are equipped with multi cyclones
Not designed appropriately
Offers only 30- 35 % removal of PM
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≤ 2 Ton/hr: No economizer or pre-heaters are installed to
control temperature
≥ 5 Ton/hr: Economizer or pre – heaters are installed for heat
recovery and hence temperature control
Bag filters are installed at practically all the units.
Under compulsion and directions of Bhurelal committee and
GPCB
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The boilers with steam generation capacity ≥ 5 Ton/hr,
mostly use lignite as fuel.
Lignite generates PM and SO2.
Wood generates PM
However, no system is installed to control SO2 in
the flue gas.
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The multi cyclones and bag filters installed are not
appropriately designed and hence are neither
adequate nor efficient
Result is gross non - compliance of the emission
standards.
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Environmental Engineering Department of L.D. College,
Ahmedabad has proposed/ developed the scheme
Design Approach:
For ≤ 2 Ton/hr capacity wood/saw dust as fuel
Multi cyclone – Venturi Scrubber– Cyclone separator-Demistifer
For ≥ 5 Ton/hr capacity lignite as fuel
Multi cyclone – Bag Filter – Packed bed Alkali wet Scrubber
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1 Venturi Scrubber 7. Filter Cloth
2 Cyclonic Separator 8. Mesh Pad Type Demister
3 ID fan 9. Alkali storage tank (powder / lye)
4Stack 10. Feeder
5Filter neutsch 11. Mixing tank
6Alkali Recirculatin Pump 12. Pump (Alkali Solution)
: The Proposed Air Pollution Control System for ≤ 2 TPH Lignite based Boiler
125
10
11
1
2
7
5
6
3 4
8
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The Proposed Air Pollution Control System
≥ 5 Ton/hr capacity: Lignite as Fuel
Furnace
Pre Air Heater
Multi Cyclo
ne
Bag House
Cyclone
ID Fan Alkaline Wet Scrubb
er
Stack
Bypass
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The Expected Results: When installed as per the
design and operated as directed the emissions
norms will be satisfied.
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GOD BLESS YOU