computer generation
TRANSCRIPT
PRESENTATION ON: GENERATIONS OF
COMPUTING
GROUP MEMBERS: ARSLAN QAMAR FAISAL SHAFIQUE FAWAD AHMED WAQAR MEMON IQBAL LASHARI
GROUP NAME: 4 IDIOT & IQBAL.
GIVEN BY: SIR TANVEER MEMON
CAMPUS:
SINDH UNIVERSITY @
THATTA
ABOUT COMPUTER
A computer is a device that accepts information (in the form of digitalized data) and manipulates it for some result based on a program or sequence of instructions on how the data is to be processed.
OR
A computer generally means a programmable machine.
FIRST GENERATION OF COMPUTER (1940 _ 1956)
VACUUM TUBES In 1951 with the development of UNIVAC-I the first
generation was getting started. At this time the computer system follows those properties; Vacuum tube was the main part of it. To give input into the system there was a
punch card assign to it. For output paper and punch card was used. Magnetic tape used as an external storage unit. Human dependent for log into any switch. Machine language and assembly language are used
as programming language. Example:
UNIVAC-I, IBM 650 etc.
ADVANTAGES
Vacuum tubes were the only electronic components available during those days.Vacuum tube technology made possible the advent of electronic digital computers.These computers were the fastest calculating devices of their time. They could perform computations in milliseconds.
DISADVANTAGE The disadvantages of the first generation
computers are:
1. They were too bulky.2. They emitted large amounts of heat because they used lots of vacuum tubes3. AIR conditioning was required.4. They were prone to frequent failure that’s why they were unreliable.5. They were not portable.
SECOND-GENERATION COMPUTERS
(1956_1963) :TRANSISTORS
In the generation of computers, transistors were used in place of vacuum tubes.
Transistors are more compact than vacuum tubes as they are made up of
semiconductors. They are also more durable than vacuum tubes. Programming languages some of the computers of the second generation are:
IBM 1620 – Its size was used smaller as compared to the first-generation computers and it
was used mostly for scientific purpose.
IBM 1401- IT was used for was business application.
CDC 3600- IT was used for scientific purpose.
SECOND GENERATION OF COMPUTERS
ADVANTAGES
The advantages that the second-generation computers had over the generation computers are:
They were smaller as compared to first-generation computers.
They generated less heat.
They took comparatively less computers time.
They were less prone to failure.
DISADVANTAGES
The disadvantages that second generation computer had over the first generation commuter are:
They required Air Conditioning.
Frequent maintenance was required.
They were difficult and quite expensive
THIRD GENERATION COMPUTERS (1964_1971) :INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
At this era IC (Integrated circuit) used in the system and Hardware getting much better at this generation. The computer system follows those properties;
IC (Integrate circuit) was the main part.
Keyboard used for data input.
Monitor used for output.
Magnetic tape used as external storage unit.
Multitasking programming environment and better OS (Operating system).
Not dependent on human. In this generation the term "Computer family" getting started.
RPG (Report Program Generator), PASCAL, FORTRAN (Advanced) and COBOL used asprogramming languages.
Example:
IBM 360.
ADVANTAGES Smaller in size as compared to previous
generations.
More reliable
Produced less heat as compared to the previous two generations of computers.
Better speed and could calculate data in nanoseconds.
Less expensive.
More accurate than previous.
Used mouse and keyboard for input.
DISADVANTAGES
Air conditioning was required.
Highly sophisticated technology required for the manufacturing of IC chips
Fourth generation (1971-till today): LSIC (large Scale Integrated circuit) and VLSIC (Very large
Scale Integrated circuit) brings an important change into the hardware and software systems of fourth generationcomputer. Here a small LSIC chip can perform the task of many transistors. The properties of fourth generation computer are;
LSIC AND VLSIC are the main units of the computer System. Advanced devices are used to transfer data. Advanced magnetic disk (Storage space is much higher)
used as external storageunit. Virtual storage space getting started in this era. Advanced software system build to mark with huge data
ADVANTAGES THEY ADVANTAGES OF FOURTH GENERATION
COMPUTERS OVER THIRD-GENERATION COMPUTERS ARE:
They were cheaper.
They had a larger memory and high functional speed.
They consumed less power.
They generated a negligible amount of heat.
DISADVANTAGES
The latest technology is required for manufacturing of Microprocessors.
Fifth generation (FUTURE)
Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in development, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today.
COMING UP TECHNOLOGY
