companies government private non-profit organisations public research foundations from abroad...
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Companies
Companies
Government Private non-profit organisations
Public research foundations
Fromabroad
Universities
Governmentalagencies
Financiers of R&D
Performers of R&D
2310 1,0 2,3
Municipalities, county councils
and regional R&D units 71
81
243,3 0,2
2,7
2,0
sum S
EK
110 billion
Municipalities, county councils
and regional R&D units
Private non-profit organisations
Overview of the Swedish R&D system 2007 (SEK billion)
Source: Statistics Sweden
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Re
ve
nu
es
fo
r re
se
arc
h a
nd
po
stg
rad
ua
te p
rog
ram
me
sa
t h
igh
er
ed
uc
ati
on
in
sti
tuti
on
s Financial income
Commissioned research activities
Income from charges
Grants
Direct government allocations
SEK billion
Revenues for research and postgraduate programmes at higher education institutions 1994/95-2007, different types of income (SEK billion, 2007 prices)
Source: The Swedish National Agency for Higher Education
Revenues for research and postgraduate programmes at higher education institutions 1994/95-2007, by funding source (SEK billion, 2007 prices)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Re
ve
nu
es
fo
r re
se
arc
h a
nd
po
stg
rad
ua
te p
rog
ram
me
sa
t h
igh
er
ed
uc
ati
on
in
sti
tuti
on
s
Others
Funding from abroad (incl. EU)
Swedish companies
Swedish non-profit organisations
Public research foundations("löntagarfondsstiftelserna")
Government agencies (incl.VINNOVA), municipalities andcounty councils
Research councils
Direct government allocations
SEK billion
Source: The Swedish National Agency for Higher Education
Revenues for research and postgraduate programmes at higher education institutions 2007, by funding source (SEK billion)
ALF (reimbursement for clinical research at
hospitals)6,0%
Swedish Research Council8,8%
FAS, Formas, VINNOVA4,9%
Other government agencies
9,8%
Public research foundations
3,4%
Swedish companies4,9%
Swedish non-profit organisations
8,1%
Funding from abroad (excl. EU)
2,6%
Municipalities and county councils
3,9%
Other2,7%
EU4,2%
Direct government allocations (excl. ALF)
40,5%
FAS, Swedish Research Council for Working Life and Social SciencesFormas, Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial PlanningVINNOVA, Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems
Source: The Swedish National Agency for Higher Education
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Dir
ec
t g
ov
ern
me
nt
all
oc
ati
on
s a
s p
rop
ort
ion
of
tota
l R
&D
ex
pe
nd
itu
res
at
hig
he
r e
du
ca
tio
n i
ns
titu
tio
ns
%
Great Britain
Ireland
France
Sweden
Finland
Spain
Denmark the Netherlands
Norway
Germany
Direct government allocations as proportion of total R&D expenditures at higher education institutions in Sweden and other selected European countries 1981-2007
Source: Eurostat
Large external funding sources for R&D performed in higher educationinstitutions 1994/95-2007 (SEK billion, 2007 prices)
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Su
pp
ort
to
hig
he
r e
du
ca
tio
n in
sti
tuti
on
s f
rom
larg
e fu
nd
ing
bo
die
s
Swedish Research Council(Vetenskapsrådet)
EU
Public research foundations("löntagarfondsstiftelserna")
Swedish Governmental Agency forInnovation systems (VINNOVA)
The Swedish Research Council forEnvironment, Agricultural Sciences andSpatial Planning (Formas)
The Knut och Alice Wallenbergfoundation
The Swedish Cancer Society(Cancerfonden)
Swedish Council for Working Life andSocial Research (FAS)
The Bank of Sweden TercentenaryFoundation (Riksbankensjubileumsfond)
SEK billion
Source: The Swedish National Agency for Higher Education
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
R&
D e
xp
en
dit
ure
s a
t h
igh
er
ed
uc
ati
on
in
sti
tuti
on
s
Medical sciences
Engineering
Natural sciences
Social sciences
Humanities
Agricultural sciences
Not categorised
SEK billion
R&D expenditures at higher education institutions 1995/96-2007, by area of research (SEK billion, 2007 prices)
Source: Statistics Sweden
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
R&
D e
xp
en
dit
ure
s a
t h
igh
er
ed
uc
ati
on
in
sti
tuti
on
s (
% o
f to
tal)
Medical sciences
Engineering
Natural sciences
Social sciences
Humanities
Agricultural sciences
%
R&D expenditures at higher education institutions 1995/96-2007, by area of research (% of total)
Source: Statistics Sweden
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Dir
ec
t g
ov
ern
me
nt
all
oc
ati
on
s a
s p
rop
ort
ion
of
tota
l R
&D
ex
pe
nd
itu
res
in
dif
fere
nt
are
as
of
res
ea
rch
at
hig
he
r e
du
ca
tio
n i
ns
titu
tio
ns
Humanities
Agricultural sciences
Medical sciences
Natural sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
%
Direct government allocations as proportion of total R&D expenditures in different areas of research at higher education institutions 1995/96-2007
Source: Statistics Sweden
R&D expenditures at higher education institutions 2007, by area of research and proportion of funding source
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f to
tal
R&
D e
xp
en
dit
ure
s f
rom
dif
fere
nt
fun
din
g b
od
ies
EU
Foreign non-profit organisation
Foreign companies
Swedish companies
Swedish non-profit organisations
University foundations
Research foundations
Municipalities and county councils
Research councils and government agencies
Reimbursement for clinical research athospitalsDirect government allocations
%
Source: Statistics Sweden
Direct government allocations for research and postgraduate programmesto Swedish higher education institutions in 2007 (SEK million)
Lund University; 1 565
Uppsala University; 1 448
University of Gothenburg; 1 385
Umeå University; 934
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; 831
Royal Institute of Technology; 690
Linköping University; 609
Chalmers University of Technology; 433
Luleå University of Technology; 262
Örebro University; 176
Mid Sweden University; 171
Karlstad University; 168Växjö University; 154
Other higher education institutions (24); 734
Stockholm University; 1 021
Karolinska institutet; 1 244
Source: The Swedish National Agency for Higher Education
Direct government allocations for research and postgraduate programmesby areas of research or other appropriations in 2007 (SEK million)
Humanities and Social sciences; 2 181
Natural sciences; 1 583
Reimbursement for clinical research at
hospitals; 1 530
Medical sciences; 1 638
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; 831
Other; 710
Engineering; 1 637
Reimbursement for premises; 1 716
Source: The Swedish National Agency for Higher Education
Direct government allocations for research and postgraduate programmesby Swedish higher education institutions and areas of research or other appropriations in 2007 (SEK million)
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
1,6
Dir
ect
go
vern
men
t al
loca
tio
ns
for
rese
arch
an
d
po
stg
rad
uat
e p
rog
ram
mes
at
hig
her
ed
uca
tio
n in
stit
uti
on
s
Other
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Medical sciences
Reimbursement for clinical research at hospitals
Natural sciences
Engineering
Reimbursement for premises
Humanities and Social sciences
SEK billion
Source: The Swedish National Agency for Higher Education
Development (%) of direct government allocations for research and postgraduate programmes 1994/95-2007 compared to the level in 2007
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Dir
ec
t g
ov
ern
me
nt
all
oc
ati
on
s f
or
res
ea
rch
an
d p
os
tgra
du
ate
p
rog
ram
me
s a
t h
igh
er
ed
uc
ati
on
in
sti
tuti
on
s (
% o
f th
e l
ev
el
in 2
00
7)
Average for the 11 largestuniversities
Mid Sweden University
Örebro University
Karlstad University
Växjö University
Other higher educationinstitutions
%
Source: The Swedish National Agency for Higher Education
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Direct government allocations excl. so called "hidden overhead"
So called "hidden overhead" payed by direct government allocations
Overhead from external funding
External funding excl. overhead
%
R&D expenditures 1981-2007 at Swedish higher education institutions divided into (%) direct government allocations, external funding and overhead calculated i two different ways
Source: Statistics Sweden
R&D expenditures in the ”extended academic sector” (sum of higher education institutions, government agencies and private non-profit organisations) in Sweden compared to selected European countries 1995-2007 (Euro per inhabitant, 2000 prices)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
R&
D i
n "
ex
ten
de
d a
ca
de
mic
se
cto
r" (
su
m o
f h
igh
er
ed
uc
ati
on
in
sti
tuti
on
s,
go
ve
rnm
en
t a
ge
nc
ies
an
d p
riv
ate
no
n-p
rofi
t o
rga
nis
ati
on
s)
Spain
Ireland
Great Britain
Germany
the Netherlands
Denmark
France
Sweden
Finland
Norway
Euro per inhabitant
Source: Eurostat
Government budget appropriations for non-military R&D and 1 % of GDP in Sweden 1981-2008 (SEK billion, current prices)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
Go
vern
men
t b
ud
get
ap
pro
pri
atio
ns
for
no
n-m
ilit
ary
R&
D a
nd
1 %
of
GD
P
1 % of GDP
Government budget appropriations for non-military R&D
SEK billion
current prices!
current prices!
Source: Statistics Sweden