cockatoo island
DESCRIPTION
Cockatoo Island. A Sudden Squall. Cockatoo Island. A Sudden Squall. Loop 12. 4. 5. Loop 11. South Head Lighthouse. Boom Net. Loop and Boom Net. 1. North Head. Middle Head. Georges Heights. Crows Nest. Loop 12. 2. Loop 11. South Head. Cremorne. South Head Lighthouse. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
A Sudden Squall
Cockatoo Island
The two tunnels on Cockato
o Island are called the Dogleg Tunnel and the Straight Tunnel.
The Straight Tunnel is
older
and was excavated in the Firs
t World
War. The Dogleg was excavated in the Second World
War.
Both
tunnels wer
e built to facilitate
the movement of
men and machinery from
the nort
h side of
the island to
the dockyard.
But, in
the dark
days of
the Second World
War, they wer
e also built as shelters in
case a
Japanese fleet attacked
Sydney. The Dogleg Tunnel has a
First
Aid Station cut into the tunnel walls.
It was fortunat
e that Sydney did not
experience such an attack because
the city coul
d not have
been
defended.
But, on one night a
storm
did arrive.
Cockatoo Island
A Sudden Squall
Loop and Boom Net
1
3
45
2
USS Chicago
Kanimbla
Westralia
Adelaide
GeelongWhyalla
KuttabulK 9
Boom Net
Loop 12
Loop 11
Boom Net
Shark Island
Clark Island
Harbour Bridge
MacquarieLighthouse
South HeadLighthouse
Chowder Bay
Taylor Bay
Rose BayDouble Bay
Garden Island
Georges Heights
Sydney
Cremorne
Crows Nest
South HeadLighthouse
Bradley Head
Middle Head
Green PointWatsons Bay
North Head
South HeadLoop 12 Loop
11
Fort Denison
Loop and Boom NetThe attack on Sydney Harbour began on the 29th of May of 1942 when five Japanese submarines arrived off the coast of New South Wales.• These were all large ships, I class submarines, mother ships
capable of carrying their own seaplanes and midget submarines.
• On arrival the I 21 began to prepare its seaplane for a reconnaissance flight over Sydney Harbour. It was important to find out what ships were in port and where the harbour defences were located.
Early in the morning the seaplane took off with a pilot and an observer aboard.1. The sea plane flew past North Head and sketches were made of the Boom Net that had been laid across Middle Harbour as an anti submarine defence.2. The aircraft then flew on to Garden Island where it made two lazy circles around the naval dockyard noting the key ships. A large American cruiser, USS Chicago, most attracted their attention. There was no response from the Australian or American defences and most observers thought the plane was one of their own.3. The seaplane then headed over the Harbour Bridge and further down the waterway before flying back to the submarine. A troubled landing resulted in the loss of the aircraft, but the crew was saved.
The five submarines now closed in to some 5-7 kilometres off Sydney Harbour. Three midget submarines were launched. Each had a crew of two and carried two torpedoes. Each man knew that there was little possibility that he would survive the mission.4. At 8 in the evening the first midget submarine, M 14, crossed Loop 12 which was an electromagnetic field generator that had been laid to detect incoming submarines. The loop recorded the crossing, but the reading was ignored. 5. M 14 attempted to get around the Boom Net at the northern end, but became snagged. After futile attempts to free themselves the crew blew up their craft and took their own lives.
Mother Submarines
Seaplan
e Flight
M 14
A Wild Sydney night
2
3
4
7
USS Chicago
Westralia
1
5
6
Kanimbla Westra
lia
Boom Net
Clark Island
MacquarieLighthouse
South HeadLighthouseChowder
Bay
Taylor Bay
Garden Island
Georges Heights
Bradley Head
Middle Head
Watsons Bay
North Head
South Head
Loop 12
Loop 11
Kuttabul
Fort Denison
Kanimbla
Taylor Bay
Bradley Head
Steady Hour
YarromaSea Mist
USS Chicago
Shark Island
Shark IslandClark
Island
A Wild Sydney NightThe harbour authorities were now awake to the danger. A black out was ordered and patrol boats were sent out to investigate. Ferries and other craft were allowed to continue to make their rounds in the hope that multiple targets would confuse the Japanese.1. The second midget submarine, M 24, now entered the harbour to cross the loop at 9 pm. It followed a Manly Ferry around the southern end of the Boom Net.2. M 24 moved down the habour and passed the USS Chicago, but had difficulty keeping submerged. The crew of the Chicago spotted the craft and began firing at it. The submarine continued on its way, past Garden Island, around Fort Denison, then back to take up a position off Bradley Head.3. From Bradley Head the M 24 fired two torpedoes at Chicago. They missed. Instead, the first torpedo struck a ferry, HMAS Kuttabul, that had been converted into sleeping quarters for naval personnel. Kuttabul split in two and sank very quickly. 19 Australian and 2 British sailors were killed. The second torpedo missed altogether and ran aground on Garden Island.4. M 24 headed back to make its rendezvous with the mother ship, I 24. It never arrived. For over sixty years the fate of this submarine remained a mystery.5. At 3 am the Chicago began to leave port when lookouts spotted another submarine. It was M 21 which now followed the same route as M 24 around the southern end of the Boom Net. It travelled down the harbour and approached the naval supply vessel, HMAS Kanimbla. The crew of the Kanimla spotted the submarine and opened fire.6. M 21 turned and headed for Taylor Bay where it appears to have taken refuge hoping to resume the attack when calm had returned. However, three patrol boats had spotted its periscope and closed in to depth charge the submarine. HMAS Sea Mist moved in to drop 2 depth charges. HMAS Steady Hour and HMAS Yarroma continued the attack and dropped 17 more. During the night the two crewmen took their own lives.
M 24
HMAS
Kuttabul
M 21
How Easy it is to Die
M24 slips into Sydney Harbour
It had been a very wild Sydney night and one not to be forgotten. It had also been very costly.
21 young sailors had died when the HMAS Kuttabul went down.6 young Japanese submariners had perished. The Japanese ambassador on hearing of this waste wrote a poem in which he condemned the horror and futility of that night:
Deep under the water, they cannot come up; they die there, regrettable – more good menThis clumsy surprise attack failed: they died fighting with the enemy; astonishingBullets and blades, bloodshed and death: now I know exactly how easy it is to die.
The mystery of M 24 was solved in 2006. Scuba divers found the wreck off one of the northern beaches. It is now a declared war grave.
How Easy it is to Die
M 24
Loss and Tragedy
How Easy It is to Die
Mystery
Solved