cm-vision. cement integrity log

7/31/2019 CM-Vision. Cement Integrity Log

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CM-Vision


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Quality in Cementing

PreventCement Sheath Failure

Customers Wants:

Zone isolation

Good CBL ---->High Compressive Strength? 5 to 200 PSI to support casing

500 PSI to continue Drilling

1000 PSI to Perforate

At least 2000 PSI to Stimulate & Isolate zones Enough strength to side track

How much do we really need?


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Cement EvaluationNomograph - M volts / CEMENT COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH


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A word about CBLs1987 : RELATIONSHIP CBL/CEMENT COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

NOT so GOOD

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (PSI x 1000)

CBLATTENUATIONRATE (%)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 800

25

50

75

100125


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CBL ATTENUATION RATE RELATED TO

CEMENT ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE (Z)

CBL ATTENUATION RATE %)

ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE (106 Kg m-2 s-1 )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 900

25

50

75

100

125

Why Compressive Strength Instead of Acoustic Impedance?


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ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES OF CEMENTWe Lack Magnitude Sensitivity!!!

ULTRA STRONG CEMENTS

WEIGHTED CEMENTS

15.8 PPG CEMENTS

LOW POROSITY- LIGHTWEIGHT

HIGH POROSITY- LIGHTWEIGHTSLURRIES

LOW TEMPERATUREHIGH POROSITYHIGH TEMPERATURELOW POROSITY

SLOW EVOLUTION

FAST EVOLUTION

Z(Mrayl)

Months7day1 day

WATER

GAS

0.1

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

1.5


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Compressive StrengthCement Evolution

Typically cement Exhibits an shape

Curve.

1st slope, cement hydration up to maximumtemperature and setting

C3A and C4AF

2nd slope, Early Hardening (5 to 10 hours)

CaOH and C3S

3rd slope, Stabilization period

C2S


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Compressive Strength

S shape


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Compressive Strength of Cement

????????????


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Youngs Modulus

Vs

Compressive Strength of Cement


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Dynamic (digital) Vs Static (mechanic)

they are never the same

S t a t ic - D y n a m ic Y o u n g ' s M o d u lu s C o r r e la t io n

y = 0 . 9 2 8 2 x - 0 . 7 1 5 4

y = 1 . 1 4 0 8 x - 1 . 3 6 3 4

0 . 0 0

0 . 5 0

1 . 0 0

1 . 5 0

2 . 0 0

2 . 5 0

3 . 0 0

0 .0 0 0 .5 0 1 .0 0 1 .5 0 2 .0 0 2 .5 0 3 .0 0 3 .5 0

D y n a m ic Y o u n g ' s M o d u l u s (M P s i)

Static

Young'sM

od

U n c o n f in e d

C o n f i n e d

U n c o n f in e d

C o n f i n e d

O p t io n L in e r 3

L in e r O p t io n 2

L in e r O p t io n 1

T a il T i e -b a c k

O p t io n 2

L i n e r O p t io n 4

UCAs data is the worstcase - because , even

though is measured

electronically, it is derived

from Static data (versatester) converted by means

of a best fit algorithm into

PSI


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Ultimate Strength of Cement13 PPG slurry

Just Checking!!

15,000 PSI

3,000 PSI

0 PSI

3,000 PSI

Applied Pressure

Ulti t St th f C t


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Ultimate Strength of Cement

13 PPG SlurryJust Checking!!

250 F

3,000 PSI

0 PSI 80F

Applied Temperature


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Ultimate ConfinedCompressive Strength of Cement

Source - World Oils 1977


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Conclusion

Compressive Strength as used today is just a reference

.a.

Meaningless Reference


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Requirement

What do we really need?

A cement that have lower K than any

of the producing zones.

A cement that will withstand the

cyclic stresses during the wells life.

What stress is most Important?

Compressive, Tensile or Flexural.


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Cement Sheath Failure

Cement once it has set it does

not magically disappears from

the annulus

Generally low strength cements

are more ductile and can take

stress cycling, one suggestiondelete the tail slurry

Goodwin and R.J. Crook, SPE 220453


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Build a Simulator for


Vs

Early Time

To help Design Light WeightSlurries

specially at High Temperatures


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Simulator Modeling

KOT=90 to 120 minutes + F(water) +F(cement)+F(additives)

Cs= K(x)*e(-t*T

(x)*(F(water) +F(cement)+F(additives))

K(x)

Where every (x)function is divided

in physical and

chemical properties

Note:Where KOT (Kick Off Time) is the the point where Strength start to develop. It is shorter than CS 50 time and normally shorter than T Time


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Database Comparing HECS range Vs Actual

70

170

270

370

470

73 117 138 166 181 188 201 213 240 265

KOT CS 50 si


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Chart Title

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60

1.80

2.00

BHST 110 121 128 135 135 146 150 165 180 206 270 300

BHST

CS50psi/KT

Ratio CS50 - KOT Trend CS50/KOT


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HECSs Simulations

To produce reasonable Compressive

Strength Predictions the slurry must

be Stable : Slurries must have low Bulk Shrinkage

Slurries must have little segregation

Slurries must have low Free Water

Set Cement density must be within 0.3

PPG of Design Density (measured by

Arquimedes method)


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13 3/8 Tail Slurry

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Tran

sitTime(microsec/in

)

0

350

700

1050

1400

1750

2100

2450

2800

3150

3500

CompressiveStrength(psi)

0

40

80

120

160

200

240

280

320

360

400

Temperature(F)

0:00 3:30 7:00 10:30 14:00 17:30 21:00

Time (HH:MM)


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13 3/8 Tail Slurry


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0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

TransitTime(microsec/in)

0

400

800

1200

1600

2000

2400

2800

3200

3600

4000

Com

pressiveStrength(psi)

0

40

80

120

160

200

240

280

320

360

400

Temperature(F)

0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 24:00Time (HH:MM)


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Using Aluminum to Improve

HIGH EARLYCOMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

FWC-47,AEF-100L,T-40L,MPA-1


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0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Tr

ansitTime(microsec/in)

0

300

600

900

1200

1500

1800

2100

2400

2700

3000

Co

mpressiveStrength(p

si)

0

40

80

120

160

200

240

280

320

360

400

Temperature(F)

0:00 3:30 7:00 10:30 14:00 17:30 21:00

Time (HH:MM)


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Vencemos Class A + 5% MPA-1 + 0.4% A-2 + 0.7% BA-10 + 0.2% CD-33. @ 13.6 ppg.

BHST = 146 F / BHCT = 110 F

Fluid Loss = 45 cc/30


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0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Tran

sitTime(microsec/in)

0

300

600

900

1200

1500

1800

2100

2400

2700

3000

Com

pressiveStrength(p

si)

0

40

80

120

160

200

240

280

320

360

400

Temperature(F)

0:00 3:40 7:20 11:00 14:40 18:20 22:00Time (HH:MM)


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Cement Joppa Class H + 15% LW-7 + 10% MPA-1

+.05 gps R-21L(B) + 0.1 gps CD-31L

+ 0.3 gps BJ Blue D = 13.0 lpg / BHST = 250F

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Tra

nsitTime(microsec

/in)

0

300

600

900

1200

1500

1800

2100

2400

2700

3000

Com

pressiveStrength(psi)

0

40

80

120

160

200

240

280

320

360

400

Temperature(F)

0:00 3:50 7:40 11:30 15:20 19:10 23:00

Time (HH:MM)


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Cement Joppa Class H + 15% LW-7 + 10% MPA-1 +

0.05gps R-21L(B) + 0.1 gps CD-31L+ 0.3 gps BJ Blue

D = 13.0 lpg / BHST = 250F


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Preventing


1- OUTER FORCES

2- INNER FORCES

2.1- Temperature

2.2 - Pressure


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Well-bore Pressure

Increase

Radial stress is Compressive and

Tangential stress is Tensile, both are

linear with Pressure increases

Tangential stress is higher at

pipe/cement interface, potential problem

radial cracks propagation

Tangential stress becomes compressive

at rock interface

Softer rocks will require cements with

higher tensile strength


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W ll b P


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Well-bore Pressure

Decrease

Radial stress is Tensile and Tangential

stress is Compressive

Radial stress is higher at pipe/cementinterface, potential problem is de-bonding

from the pipe

Radial stress is also Tensile at

cement/rock interface, potential problem

is de-bonding from the rock

Harder rocks will require cements with

higher tensile strength

W ll b T t


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Well-bore Temperature

Increase

Radial stress is always Compressive

Tangential stress is Compressive

near the pipe/cement interface andTensile near cement/rock interface at

early times

Softer cements than the rock will

produce lower tensile strengths

potential problem radial cracks

propagation


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Requires special additives

I i T il St th


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44%13% 43%

92%85% 75%

Test Base Cement Density Temp Additive #1 Additive #2 24 Hr Comp. 24 Hr Flexural 24 Hr Tensile

Slurry # Lbm/gal F Strength (Psi) Strength (Psi) Strength (Psi)

10 Class H 16.5 120 3150 866 358

11 Class H 16.5 120 5 pps Nylon Fiber 3263 819 400

12 Class H 16.5 120 100 GHS SBR Latex 3045 948 413


14 Class H 16.5 120 100 GHS Liquid PVA 3642 874 391

15 Class H 16.5 120 10% (BWOC) CaSiO3 Fiber 0.2% Dispersant 4567 1350 573

16 Class H 16.5 120 10% (BWOC) HRM 0.4% Dispersant 5829 1518 689

17 Class H 16.5 170 5733 1276 428

18 Class H 16.5 170 5 pps Nylon Fiber 5425 1007 442


20 Class H 16.5 170 10% (BWOC) CaSiO3 Fiber 0.2% Dispersant 5717 1555 479

21 Class H 16.5 170 10% (BWOC) HRM 0.4% Dispersant 6500 1845 610

22 Class G 15.8 120 0.2% Dispersant 4012 1097 425

23 Class G 15.8 120 100 GHS SBR Latex 3488 915 422

24 Class G 15.8 120 10% (BWOC) CaSiO3 Fiber 0.2% Dispersant 3799 1138 373

25 Class G 15.8 120 10% (BWOC) HRM 0.3% Dispersant 5212 1539 498

26 Class G 15.8 170 0.2% Dispersant 4173 1092 353

27 Class G 15.8 170 100 GHS SBR Latex 3707 1171 442

28 Class G 15.8 170 10% (BWOC) CASiO3 Fiber 0.2% Dispersant 3920 1237 406

29 Class G 15.8 170 10% (BWOC) HRM 0.3% Dispersant 4865 1470 484

Improving Tensile Strength

BA-10,FL-45LS

BA-86L

MPA-1

Also BA-100

16% 34%

30% 35% 17%

37%


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How to use CMVision

Objective is to reduce costs


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STEP 1 - Checking on Actual Strengths


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Step 2 - Matching Tensile Strength


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Reducing Density + adding a Tensile additive

Step 2 - Matching Tensile Strength


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Reducing Density + adding a Tensile additive

Second Alternative Reducing


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Second Alternative Reducing

WOC for All Cement Slurries

Go for minimum Compressive Strength needed and

reduce rig WOC by adding Aluminate additives such

as MPA-1, AEF-100L, T-40L, FWC-47

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20


0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

CompressiveStren

gth(psi)

0

40

80

120

160

200

240

280

320

360

400

Temperature

(F)

0:00 11:30 23:00 34:30 46:00 57:30 69:00

Time (HH:MM)

Cement Boyaca Class G + 35% S-8 + 0.085 gps R-

21L(USA) + 0.02 gps CD-31L + 0.01 gps FP-6L(B)D = 16.0 lpg / BHCT = 196 F / BHCT+10 = 206 F

Strength: 3620 PSI @ 68:26 Horas

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20


0

400

800

1200

1600

2000

2400

2800

3200

3600

4000

CompressiveStren

gth(psi)

0

40

80

120

160

200

240

280

320

360

400

Temperature

(F)

0:00 11:20 22:40 34:00 45:20 56:40 68:00

Time (HH:MM)

Cement Boyaca Class G + 35% S-8 + 15% MPA-1 +

0.06 gps R-21L(B) + 0.2 gps BJ Blue +0.01 gps FP-6L(B)D = 15.0 lpg / BHCT = 196 F / BHCT+10 = 206 F

Strength: 2593 PSI @ 67:37 Horas


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Testing zone isolation for


Have CM-Vision calculate Stresses and

strength requirement for actual Cyclic

Conditions on well life, i.e.:

well 15428 ft depth, 7 liner, 10.9 ppg mud,pore pressure 0.54 psi/ft, 235 F

pressure :well-bore 8700 psi &

fracturing 13623 PSI

tensile strength requirement for 4900psi tensile strength requirement for

4000 psi


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Testing zone isolation with cement

sheath failure


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Well-borePressure Draw-down

Cliffs Data


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Cliff s Data

Cliffs Data


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0 200 100

Cliff s Data

Cliffs Data


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0 20

0 100

Cliff s Data

cm-vision. cement integrity log

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