cement bond log spe

8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 134

SPE ldquoBack to Basicsrdquo

Bond Log Theory and InterpretationApril 16th 2013

Ian Cameron PEng formerly



991266 Quick basics of purposes of cement amp scenarios bond logs run in991266 How traditional acoustic bond logs work and what is measured and presented

bull Amplitude

bull Travel Time

bull Variable Density Log (VDL)991266 Examples of good cement bond and free pipe and what things to look for

991266 Channeling ndash why run a radial investigation log

991266 Amplitude and cement compressive strength build up over time

991266

Surface Casing Vent Flow Gas Migration considerations991266 Micro-annulus

991266 Light Weight Cement

991266 Cyclic Steam Stimulation example showing cap rock cement bond

991266 Media coverage and the oil industry under the microscope

Topics



2

Purpose of Cement991266 Cement is used for

ndash structural support to the casing to

reduce the risk of a casing failure

ndash providing hydraulic amp gas isolation

ndash preventing production of unwanted

formation fluids

ndash isolating intervals to ground water(ERCB)

ndash providing structural strength andisolation during fracturing



3

Reasons for Bond Log

991266 Bond logs are run to determine

ndash Cement to casing relationship ndash Cement to formation relationship

ndash Evaluate cement conditions

bull Channelingbull Compromised cement (ie gas

cut dehydrated etc)

bull Cement stages

bull Cement topbull Microannulus



4

Scenarios to keep in mind

for bond log evaluation

ndash Channeled cement

ndash Poor bond to pipe butgood bond to formation

ndash Good bond to pipe andpoor bond to formation

ndash Poor bond to both pipeand formation

ndash Compromised cement

(ie gas cut cement)



5

Traditional Acoustic

Bond Tool Example

bull Collar Locator

bull Gamma Ray

bull Acoustic Transmitter

bull 3ft Receiver

bull 5ft Receiver

Radial Receivers

991266 2ft spacing

991266 Usually 8 radials

Bow Spring Centralizer

Collar Locator (CCL)

Gamma Ray amp Telemetry

Transmitter2ft Radial Receivers

3ft Receiver

5ft Receiver


Radial BondLog (RBL)

Cement BondLog (CBL)

1 2

3456

7 8



6

What is Measured on

Bond Logs

991266 Recorded on ALL sensors

ndash Amplitude (strength of thefirst arrival)

ndash Travel Time (time it takes for

the signal to go fromtransmitter to receiver)

ndash VDL ndash Variable Density Log

(entire waveform from 1st

arrival and reverberations upto 1200 microshellipfrom one pulse)

Transmitter

3 ft Receiver

5 ft Receiver

IsolatorRadial Receivers



7

What is Measured amp Presented

on Radial Bond Logs

991266 Presented on the log

ndash Natural Gamma Ray

ndash Casing Collar Locator

ndash Amplitude from the 3ft

ndash Amplitude x 5

ndash Travel Time from the 3ft

ndash VDL from the 5ft

ndash Amplitudes from the eight six radials (if RBL)

ndash Min Max and Average of theRadials (if RBL)



8

Theory of Measurement

Amplitude and Travel Time

991266 Require a volunteer

991266 Strike an unsupported casing

ndash It rings with a high amplitude(lack of cement) 1st peak = E1

ndash Strike a supported casing it

thuds with a low amplitude(good evidence of cement)

ndash The loss attenuation of signalis related to the quality ofcement and is how ldquoBondrdquo ismeasured

E1



immersed in water

Amplitude Signals vs Pipe Size of ldquofreerdquo pipe

81

72

61

3 f t A

m p ( m V )

1143

1397

1778

40

3397

Challenge is as casing sizes get larger the range ofmeasurement from no cement to fully cemented gets smaller



991266 How much cement do I have for the amplitude in question

Challenges are that ndash Non-linear relationship

ndash As the amount of cement increases the corresponding amplitudedrops very little hence the ldquox5rdquo scaling for low amplitudes

ndash Larger casing sizes mean less amplitude range to measure from

Amplitude vs Cement Bond

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

708090

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

of cement present

A m p l i t u d e i n m i l l i - V o l t s

1143mm

1397mm

1778mm

Note 1900 kgmsup3 Slurry (typical class G)



11

VDL

Variable Density Log

991266 After the transmitter fires thewaveform arrives at the

sensors via different paths ndash Casing

ndash Formation

ndash Mud

991266

Arrival times are a function of ndash Distance traveled

ndash Slowness of medium

(~density)

991266 The waveform recorded at

each sensor is a combinationof all arrivals present

CasingArrivals

FormationArrivals

MudArrivals

CombinedArrivals - VDL

Time



12

VDL


991266 VDL displays multiple ldquoslicesof datardquo side by side

ndash 200 ndash 1200 micros for 3rsquo VDL

991266 Arrival patterns start tobecome apparent

991266 To make a 2D picture of the 3D

image ndash Positive peaks are shaded black

ndash Negative peaks are shadedwhite

991266 Casing arrivals should be

consistent but formation arrivalsldquoshouldrdquo change with lithology

CasingFormation

Mud

200 microsec 1200 micros



13

Amplitude Travel Time amp VDL ndash Example ExtremesGood Bond to Pipe and Formation Free Pipe with no cement

Very low 3ftamplitude

ldquoNo Pipe Ringrdquo

Late (left) andinconsistenttravel time

High amplitudeat ldquoFree Piperdquo

values

Travel time isstraight at

expected pipearrival time

Note L to R standard Amplitude scaled 0-100 mV standard Travel Time scaled 650-150 microsec VDL scaled 200 ndash 1200 microsec

VDL shows s trong

formation arrivals ndash little to no pipe

arrivals

VDL shows s trong

pipe arrivals (traintracks) and no

formation arrivals



14

VDL Example Summary

Good bond to both pipeand formation

Free Pipe



15

VDL Example Summary

Good bond to pipe butpoor bond to formation

Transmitter

3 ft Receiver

5 ft Receiver




Channeling991266 CBL outputs show overall

good cement991266 Radial outputs show

inconsistency of several ofthe radial receivers

991266 Image mapping of 8 x 2rsquoamplitudes shows channel

of lower compressivecement

991266 Single CBL 3rsquo amplitudecan not identify channeling

991266 VDL is also inconclusive



17

Amplitude changes caused byCompressive Strength vs Time

991266 Green cement ndash Low compressive strength

hence higher than normal

amplitudes

ndash Rule of thumb is to not runbond logs up to 48 hours aftercementing (cement typessuch as thermal cements may

vary)

991266 Chart shows the reduction inamplitude with time aftercementing

ndash 4 hours

ndash 18 hours

ndash 28 hours

ndash 33 hours



Cement CompressiveStrength Chart Examples

0 ndash 1 ndash 0 class ldquoGrdquoT ndash 40 thermal cement

C o m p r e s s i v e S t r e n g t h M

P a

Time Hours

Plot courtesy of SanJel



19

Gel Strength vs Time

Between 100 lb100 ftsup2 and 500 lb100 ftsup2the slurry is susceptible to gas migration

(critical interval)

39 minutes

bull When cement is partially setup it starts to becomeself-supportive amp looses itrsquos ability to hold back gas

bull As a result worm hole channels can form duringthe critical phase

Plot courtesy of Sanjel



Bond log considerations of SCVFGM

bull Poor Primary CementingHole conditioning

bull Mud Contaminated cement

bull Gas Cut Cement

bull Channeled cement

bull Decentralized casing string

bull Vertical

bull Slant

bull Horizontal



Video demonstrating SCV surging through cement



22

Micro-annulus

991266 Micro-separation (yellow)between pipe and cement

(lt 1 mm) caused by a dropin temperature or pressure

991266 Identified by doing aldquopressure passrdquo to a ldquonon-pressure passrdquo comparison

CementCasing



23

Do I need a Pressure Pass

Micro-annulusExample

991266 Non-pressurepass looks likemostly free pipe

991266 Pressure passindicates strongmicro-annulusdue to decreasedamplitudes asseen on radialmap as well asreduced casingarrivals in VDL



24

Well Conditions That

Affect Bond Logs ndash Light Weight Cement

ndash Pipe is allowed to carry some pipearrivals even under perfect bonded

conditions

ndash 3ft amplitudes may range between

5-10 mV (depending on density)

ndash Formation arrivals if present mayhave a faded appearance

ndash Collars DO NOT chevron but mayexhibit a straight line response

ndash Cementing information from the wellis critical for interpretation

bull Stages Cement Density Volumes

1550 kgm3 cement



25

CSS amp SAGD WELLSbull 22 Drills Terminated In Clearwater in

1987 (+- 440m TVD)bull Target Grand Rapids Productionbull Casing 1778mm L-80 342 kgmbull Cement

Standard Thermal lsquoGrsquo + 40 Silicabull All Cemented to Surfacebull No SCVFGM Issuesbull Ground Water Isolationbull 1 ndash 3 Cyclic Steam Stimulationsbull Cum Oil 16758 m3bull Cum Steam Injected 218173 m3bull Operating Conditions

bull 85 - 90 MPa

bull 300 - 305 Cbull No History of Isolation Issues



26

CapRock



Media Coverage from March 2013National GeographicldquoA recent US Geological Survey study of decades-old wells ineastern Montana found plumes of salt water migrating into

aquifers and private wells rendering the water from them unfitfor drinking And catastrophic casing failures can happen at anytime The EPA is now investigating a 2011 blowout duringfracking in a well near Killdeer that pierced the aquifer the town

relies onrdquo

httpngmnationalgeographiccom201303bakken-shale-oildobb-text



Thank you for attending the SPE ldquoBack to BasicsrdquoBond Log Theory and Interpretation

Ian Cameron PEng FMC Technologies (formerly Pure Energy)

lsquoiancameronfmcticomrsquo

Honorable mention Jude Reid for assistance in helping to build this presentation



32



ldquoI donrsquot want to do a pressure pass in case I create a micro-annulusrdquo

991266 Bond log Sept shows areas of

lower quality cement prior to acement squeeze intervention ona SCVF repair

991266 Bond log January done aftercement squeeze showingplaced cement (3125-320m)

991266 The comparison of 3rsquoamplitudes indicate theprevious cement did degradefrom before squeeze to afterin other areas of the well

991266 This was likely caused by theincrease in pressure fromcementing damaging thealready compromised cement(320-327m)

991266 Note how 300-305m or 327-331m did not change however

Increasing Amplitude



34

Wellbore preparation and result of mud mixing with

cement and potential impact on a bond log

All of the above samples appear to be solid however compressive strengths ndash hence amplitudes on a bond log ndash are significantly different

Samples courtesy of Gary Batcheller ndash GWB Consultants



Interactive participation quiz using Turning Pointrsquoselectronic response cards One each table

1) The Flames waited too long to trade him2) It is going to help rebuild the team

3) Its too bad for the Flames but he

deserves a shot at the Cup

4) It doesnt matter to me

983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149

983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151

983086 983086

983113 983156 983145 983155

983143 983151 983145 983150

983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152

983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148

983140 983086 983086 983086

983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151

983138 983137 983140

983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141

983110 983148 983137 983149

983086 983086

983113 983156 983140 983151

983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149

983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151

983149 983141 983086

983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077CBC How do you feel about

Jarome Iginla being traded to thePittsburgh Penguins



I use bond logs to their full capacity when

considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF

1 True ndash I am very comfortable

interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more

practice ndash hence why I am here

3 False ndash I do not know how to

interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company

sponsored lunch and heard

about ldquoBondrdquo

983124 983154 983157 983141

991251 983113 983137 983149

983158 983141 983154 983161 983139

983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141

991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148

983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251

983113 983140 983151

983150 983151 983156

983147 983150 983151 983159

983144 983151 983086 983086 983086

983118 983087 983105 991251 983113

983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139

983086 983086 983086

983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077



991266 Quick basics of purposes of cement amp scenarios bond logs run in991266 How traditional acoustic bond logs work and what is measured and presented

bull Amplitude

bull Travel Time

bull Variable Density Log (VDL)991266 Examples of good cement bond and free pipe and what things to look for

991266 Channeling ndash why run a radial investigation log

991266 Amplitude and cement compressive strength build up over time

991266

Surface Casing Vent Flow Gas Migration considerations991266 Micro-annulus

991266 Light Weight Cement

991266 Cyclic Steam Stimulation example showing cap rock cement bond

991266 Media coverage and the oil industry under the microscope

Topics



2






formation fluids





3






cut dehydrated etc)

bull Cement stages




4








(ie gas cut cement)



5


Bond Tool Example

bull Collar Locator

bull Gamma Ray


bull 3ft Receiver

bull 5ft Receiver

Radial Receivers

991266 2ft spacing






3ft Receiver

5ft Receiver




1 2

3456

7 8



6

What is Measured on

Bond Logs








Transmitter

3 ft Receiver

5 ft Receiver




7


on Radial Bond Logs





ndash Amplitude x 5







8









E1



immersed in water


81

72

61

3 f t A

m p ( m V )

1143

1397

1778

40

3397









0

10

20

30

40

50

60

708090

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

of cement present


1143mm

1397mm

1778mm




11

VDL




ndash Formation

ndash Mud

991266



(~density)



CasingArrivals

FormationArrivals

MudArrivals


Time



12

VDL










CasingFormation

Mud




13






values




VDL shows s trong


arrivals

VDL shows s trong


formation arrivals



14

VDL Example Summary


Free Pipe



15

VDL Example Summary


Transmitter

3 ft Receiver

5 ft Receiver













17




amplitudes


vary)


ndash 4 hours

ndash 18 hours

ndash 28 hours

ndash 33 hours






P a

Time Hours




19



(critical interval)

39 minutes









bull Gas Cut Cement



bull Vertical

bull Slant

bull Horizontal






22

Micro-annulus




CementCasing



23







24




conditions







1550 kgm3 cement



25




bull 85 - 90 MPa




26

CapRock





relies onrdquo










32













34












983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149

983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151

983086 983086

983113 983156 983145 983155

983143 983151 983145 983150

983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152

983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148

983140 983086 983086 983086

983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151

983138 983137 983140

983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141

983110 983148 983137 983149

983086 983086

983113 983156 983140 983151

983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149

983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151

983149 983141 983086














983124 983154 983157 983141

991251 983113 983137 983149

983158 983141 983154 983161 983139

983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141

991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148

983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251

983113 983140 983151

983150 983151 983156

983147 983150 983151 983159

983144 983151 983086 983086 983086

983118 983087 983105 991251 983113

983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139

983086 983086 983086

983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077



2






formation fluids





3






cut dehydrated etc)

bull Cement stages




4








(ie gas cut cement)



5


Bond Tool Example

bull Collar Locator

bull Gamma Ray


bull 3ft Receiver

bull 5ft Receiver

Radial Receivers

991266 2ft spacing






3ft Receiver

5ft Receiver




1 2

3456

7 8



6

What is Measured on

Bond Logs








Transmitter

3 ft Receiver

5 ft Receiver




7


on Radial Bond Logs





ndash Amplitude x 5







8









E1



immersed in water


81

72

61

3 f t A

m p ( m V )

1143

1397

1778

40

3397









0

10

20

30

40

50

60

708090

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

of cement present


1143mm

1397mm

1778mm




11

VDL




ndash Formation

ndash Mud

991266



(~density)



CasingArrivals

FormationArrivals

MudArrivals


Time



12

VDL










CasingFormation

Mud




13






values




VDL shows s trong


arrivals

VDL shows s trong


formation arrivals



14

VDL Example Summary


Free Pipe



15

VDL Example Summary


Transmitter

3 ft Receiver

5 ft Receiver













17




amplitudes


vary)


ndash 4 hours

ndash 18 hours

ndash 28 hours

ndash 33 hours






P a

Time Hours




19



(critical interval)

39 minutes









bull Gas Cut Cement



bull Vertical

bull Slant

bull Horizontal






22

Micro-annulus




CementCasing



23







24




conditions







1550 kgm3 cement



25




bull 85 - 90 MPa




26

CapRock





relies onrdquo










32













34












983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149

983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151

983086 983086

983113 983156 983145 983155

983143 983151 983145 983150

983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152

983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148

983140 983086 983086 983086

983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151

983138 983137 983140

983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141

983110 983148 983137 983149

983086 983086

983113 983156 983140 983151

983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149

983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151

983149 983141 983086














983124 983154 983157 983141

991251 983113 983137 983149

983158 983141 983154 983161 983139

983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141

991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148

983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251

983113 983140 983151

983150 983151 983156

983147 983150 983151 983159

983144 983151 983086 983086 983086

983118 983087 983105 991251 983113

983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139

983086 983086 983086

983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077



3






cut dehydrated etc)

bull Cement stages




4








(ie gas cut cement)



5


Bond Tool Example

bull Collar Locator

bull Gamma Ray


bull 3ft Receiver

bull 5ft Receiver

Radial Receivers

991266 2ft spacing






3ft Receiver

5ft Receiver




1 2

3456

7 8



6

What is Measured on

Bond Logs








Transmitter

3 ft Receiver

5 ft Receiver




7


on Radial Bond Logs





ndash Amplitude x 5







8









E1



immersed in water


81

72

61

3 f t A

m p ( m V )

1143

1397

1778

40

3397









0

10

20

30

40

50

60

708090

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

of cement present


1143mm

1397mm

1778mm




11

VDL




ndash Formation

ndash Mud

991266



(~density)



CasingArrivals

FormationArrivals

MudArrivals


Time



12

VDL










CasingFormation

Mud




13






values




VDL shows s trong


arrivals

VDL shows s trong


formation arrivals



14

VDL Example Summary


Free Pipe



15

VDL Example Summary


Transmitter

3 ft Receiver

5 ft Receiver













17




amplitudes


vary)


ndash 4 hours

ndash 18 hours

ndash 28 hours

ndash 33 hours






P a

Time Hours




19



(critical interval)

39 minutes









bull Gas Cut Cement



bull Vertical

bull Slant

bull Horizontal






22

Micro-annulus




CementCasing



23







24




conditions







1550 kgm3 cement



25




bull 85 - 90 MPa




26

CapRock





relies onrdquo










32













34












983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149

983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151

983086 983086

983113 983156 983145 983155

983143 983151 983145 983150

983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152

983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148

983140 983086 983086 983086

983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151

983138 983137 983140

983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141

983110 983148 983137 983149

983086 983086

983113 983156 983140 983151

983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149

983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151

983149 983141 983086














983124 983154 983157 983141

991251 983113 983137 983149

983158 983141 983154 983161 983139

983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141

991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148

983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251

983113 983140 983151

983150 983151 983156

983147 983150 983151 983159

983144 983151 983086 983086 983086

983118 983087 983105 991251 983113

983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139

983086 983086 983086

983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077



4








(ie gas cut cement)



5


Bond Tool Example

bull Collar Locator

bull Gamma Ray


bull 3ft Receiver

bull 5ft Receiver

Radial Receivers

991266 2ft spacing






3ft Receiver

5ft Receiver




1 2

3456

7 8



6

What is Measured on

Bond Logs








Transmitter

3 ft Receiver

5 ft Receiver




7


on Radial Bond Logs





ndash Amplitude x 5







8









E1



immersed in water


81

72

61

3 f t A

m p ( m V )

1143

1397

1778

40

3397









0

10

20

30

40

50

60

708090

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

of cement present


1143mm

1397mm

1778mm




11

VDL




ndash Formation

ndash Mud

991266



(~density)



CasingArrivals

FormationArrivals

MudArrivals


Time



12

VDL










CasingFormation

Mud




13






values




VDL shows s trong


arrivals

VDL shows s trong


formation arrivals



14

VDL Example Summary


Free Pipe



15

VDL Example Summary


Transmitter

3 ft Receiver

5 ft Receiver













17




amplitudes


vary)


ndash 4 hours

ndash 18 hours

ndash 28 hours

ndash 33 hours






P a

Time Hours




19



(critical interval)

39 minutes









bull Gas Cut Cement



bull Vertical

bull Slant

bull Horizontal






22

Micro-annulus




CementCasing



23







24




conditions







1550 kgm3 cement



25




bull 85 - 90 MPa




26

CapRock





relies onrdquo










32













34












983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149

983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151

983086 983086

983113 983156 983145 983155

983143 983151 983145 983150

983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152

983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148

983140 983086 983086 983086

983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151

983138 983137 983140

983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141

983110 983148 983137 983149

983086 983086

983113 983156 983140 983151

983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149

983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151

983149 983141 983086














983124 983154 983157 983141

991251 983113 983137 983149

983158 983141 983154 983161 983139

983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141

991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148

983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251

983113 983140 983151

983150 983151 983156

983147 983150 983151 983159

983144 983151 983086 983086 983086

983118 983087 983105 991251 983113

983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139

983086 983086 983086

983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077



5


Bond Tool Example

bull Collar Locator

bull Gamma Ray


bull 3ft Receiver

bull 5ft Receiver

Radial Receivers

991266 2ft spacing






3ft Receiver

5ft Receiver




1 2

3456

7 8



6

What is Measured on

Bond Logs








Transmitter

3 ft Receiver

5 ft Receiver




7


on Radial Bond Logs





ndash Amplitude x 5







8









E1



immersed in water


81

72

61

3 f t A

m p ( m V )

1143

1397

1778

40

3397









0

10

20

30

40

50

60

708090

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

of cement present


1143mm

1397mm

1778mm




11

VDL




ndash Formation

ndash Mud

991266



(~density)



CasingArrivals

FormationArrivals

MudArrivals


Time



12

VDL










CasingFormation

Mud




13






values




VDL shows s trong


arrivals

VDL shows s trong


formation arrivals



14

VDL Example Summary


Free Pipe



15

VDL Example Summary


Transmitter

3 ft Receiver

5 ft Receiver













17




amplitudes


vary)


ndash 4 hours

ndash 18 hours

ndash 28 hours

ndash 33 hours






P a

Time Hours




19



(critical interval)

39 minutes









bull Gas Cut Cement



bull Vertical

bull Slant

bull Horizontal






22

Micro-annulus




CementCasing



23







24




conditions







1550 kgm3 cement



25




bull 85 - 90 MPa




26

CapRock





relies onrdquo










32













34












983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149

983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151

983086 983086

983113 983156 983145 983155

983143 983151 983145 983150

983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152

983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148

983140 983086 983086 983086

983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151

983138 983137 983140

983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141

983110 983148 983137 983149

983086 983086

983113 983156 983140 983151

983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149

983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151

983149 983141 983086














983124 983154 983157 983141

991251 983113 983137 983149

983158 983141 983154 983161 983139

983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141

991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148

983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251

983113 983140 983151

983150 983151 983156

983147 983150 983151 983159

983144 983151 983086 983086 983086

983118 983087 983105 991251 983113

983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139

983086 983086 983086

983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077



6

What is Measured on

Bond Logs








Transmitter

3 ft Receiver

5 ft Receiver




7


on Radial Bond Logs





ndash Amplitude x 5







8









E1



immersed in water


81

72

61

3 f t A

m p ( m V )

1143

1397

1778

40

3397









0

10

20

30

40

50

60

708090

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

of cement present


1143mm

1397mm

1778mm




11

VDL




ndash Formation

ndash Mud

991266



(~density)



CasingArrivals

FormationArrivals

MudArrivals


Time



12

VDL










CasingFormation

Mud




13






values




VDL shows s trong


arrivals

VDL shows s trong


formation arrivals



14

VDL Example Summary


Free Pipe



15

VDL Example Summary


Transmitter

3 ft Receiver

5 ft Receiver













17




amplitudes


vary)


ndash 4 hours

ndash 18 hours

ndash 28 hours

ndash 33 hours






P a

Time Hours




19



(critical interval)

39 minutes









bull Gas Cut Cement



bull Vertical

bull Slant

bull Horizontal






22

Micro-annulus




CementCasing



23







24




conditions







1550 kgm3 cement



25




bull 85 - 90 MPa




26

CapRock





relies onrdquo










32













34












983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149

983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151

983086 983086

983113 983156 983145 983155

983143 983151 983145 983150

983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152

983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148

983140 983086 983086 983086

983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151

983138 983137 983140

983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141

983110 983148 983137 983149

983086 983086

983113 983156 983140 983151

983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149

983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151

983149 983141 983086














983124 983154 983157 983141

991251 983113 983137 983149

983158 983141 983154 983161 983139

983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141

991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148

983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251

983113 983140 983151

983150 983151 983156

983147 983150 983151 983159

983144 983151 983086 983086 983086

983118 983087 983105 991251 983113

983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139

983086 983086 983086

983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077



7


on Radial Bond Logs





ndash Amplitude x 5







8









E1



immersed in water


81

72

61

3 f t A

m p ( m V )

1143

1397

1778

40

3397









0

10

20

30

40

50

60

708090

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

of cement present


1143mm

1397mm

1778mm




11

VDL




ndash Formation

ndash Mud

991266



(~density)



CasingArrivals

FormationArrivals

MudArrivals


Time



12

VDL










CasingFormation

Mud




13






values




VDL shows s trong


arrivals

VDL shows s trong


formation arrivals



14

VDL Example Summary


Free Pipe



15

VDL Example Summary


Transmitter

3 ft Receiver

5 ft Receiver













17




amplitudes


vary)


ndash 4 hours

ndash 18 hours

ndash 28 hours

ndash 33 hours






P a

Time Hours




19



(critical interval)

39 minutes









bull Gas Cut Cement



bull Vertical

bull Slant

bull Horizontal






22

Micro-annulus




CementCasing



23







24




conditions







1550 kgm3 cement



25




bull 85 - 90 MPa




26

CapRock





relies onrdquo










32













34












983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149

983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151

983086 983086

983113 983156 983145 983155

983143 983151 983145 983150

983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152

983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148

983140 983086 983086 983086

983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151

983138 983137 983140

983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141

983110 983148 983137 983149

983086 983086

983113 983156 983140 983151

983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149

983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151

983149 983141 983086














983124 983154 983157 983141

991251 983113 983137 983149

983158 983141 983154 983161 983139

983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141

991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148

983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251

983113 983140 983151

983150 983151 983156

983147 983150 983151 983159

983144 983151 983086 983086 983086

983118 983087 983105 991251 983113

983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139

983086 983086 983086

983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077



8









E1



immersed in water


81

72

61

3 f t A

m p ( m V )

1143

1397

1778

40

3397









0

10

20

30

40

50

60

708090

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

of cement present


1143mm

1397mm

1778mm




11

VDL




ndash Formation

ndash Mud

991266



(~density)



CasingArrivals

FormationArrivals

MudArrivals


Time



12

VDL










CasingFormation

Mud




13






values




VDL shows s trong


arrivals

VDL shows s trong


formation arrivals



14

VDL Example Summary


Free Pipe



15

VDL Example Summary


Transmitter

3 ft Receiver

5 ft Receiver













17




amplitudes


vary)


ndash 4 hours

ndash 18 hours

ndash 28 hours

ndash 33 hours






P a

Time Hours




19



(critical interval)

39 minutes









bull Gas Cut Cement



bull Vertical

bull Slant

bull Horizontal






22

Micro-annulus




CementCasing



23







24




conditions







1550 kgm3 cement



25




bull 85 - 90 MPa




26

CapRock





relies onrdquo










32













34












983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149

983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151

983086 983086

983113 983156 983145 983155

983143 983151 983145 983150

983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152

983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148

983140 983086 983086 983086

983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151

983138 983137 983140

983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141

983110 983148 983137 983149

983086 983086

983113 983156 983140 983151

983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149

983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151

983149 983141 983086














983124 983154 983157 983141

991251 983113 983137 983149

983158 983141 983154 983161 983139

983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141

991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148

983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251

983113 983140 983151

983150 983151 983156

983147 983150 983151 983159

983144 983151 983086 983086 983086

983118 983087 983105 991251 983113

983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139

983086 983086 983086

983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077



immersed in water


81

72

61

3 f t A

m p ( m V )

1143

1397

1778

40

3397









0

10

20

30

40

50

60

708090

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

of cement present


1143mm

1397mm

1778mm




11

VDL




ndash Formation

ndash Mud

991266



(~density)



CasingArrivals

FormationArrivals

MudArrivals


Time



12

VDL










CasingFormation

Mud




13






values




VDL shows s trong


arrivals

VDL shows s trong


formation arrivals



14

VDL Example Summary


Free Pipe



15

VDL Example Summary


Transmitter

3 ft Receiver

5 ft Receiver













17




amplitudes


vary)


ndash 4 hours

ndash 18 hours

ndash 28 hours

ndash 33 hours






P a

Time Hours




19



(critical interval)

39 minutes









bull Gas Cut Cement



bull Vertical

bull Slant

bull Horizontal






22

Micro-annulus




CementCasing



23







24




conditions







1550 kgm3 cement



25




bull 85 - 90 MPa




26

CapRock





relies onrdquo










32













34












983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149

983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151

983086 983086

983113 983156 983145 983155

983143 983151 983145 983150

983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152

983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148

983140 983086 983086 983086

983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151

983138 983137 983140

983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141

983110 983148 983137 983149

983086 983086

983113 983156 983140 983151

983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149

983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151

983149 983141 983086














983124 983154 983157 983141

991251 983113 983137 983149

983158 983141 983154 983161 983139

983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141

991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148

983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251

983113 983140 983151

983150 983151 983156

983147 983150 983151 983159

983144 983151 983086 983086 983086

983118 983087 983105 991251 983113

983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139

983086 983086 983086

983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077








0

10

20

30

40

50

60

708090

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

of cement present


1143mm

1397mm

1778mm




11

VDL




ndash Formation

ndash Mud

991266



(~density)



CasingArrivals

FormationArrivals

MudArrivals


Time



12

VDL










CasingFormation

Mud




13






values




VDL shows s trong


arrivals

VDL shows s trong


formation arrivals



14

VDL Example Summary


Free Pipe



15

VDL Example Summary


Transmitter

3 ft Receiver

5 ft Receiver













17




amplitudes


vary)


ndash 4 hours

ndash 18 hours

ndash 28 hours

ndash 33 hours






P a

Time Hours




19



(critical interval)

39 minutes









bull Gas Cut Cement



bull Vertical

bull Slant

bull Horizontal






22

Micro-annulus




CementCasing



23







24




conditions







1550 kgm3 cement



25




bull 85 - 90 MPa




26

CapRock





relies onrdquo










32













34












983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149

983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151

983086 983086

983113 983156 983145 983155

983143 983151 983145 983150

983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152

983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148

983140 983086 983086 983086

983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151

983138 983137 983140

983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141

983110 983148 983137 983149

983086 983086

983113 983156 983140 983151

983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149

983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151

983149 983141 983086














983124 983154 983157 983141

991251 983113 983137 983149

983158 983141 983154 983161 983139

983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141

991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148

983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251

983113 983140 983151

983150 983151 983156

983147 983150 983151 983159

983144 983151 983086 983086 983086

983118 983087 983105 991251 983113

983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139

983086 983086 983086

983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077



11

VDL




ndash Formation

ndash Mud

991266



(~density)



CasingArrivals

FormationArrivals

MudArrivals


Time



12

VDL










CasingFormation

Mud




13






values




VDL shows s trong


arrivals

VDL shows s trong


formation arrivals



14

VDL Example Summary


Free Pipe



15

VDL Example Summary


Transmitter

3 ft Receiver

5 ft Receiver













17




amplitudes


vary)


ndash 4 hours

ndash 18 hours

ndash 28 hours

ndash 33 hours






P a

Time Hours




19



(critical interval)

39 minutes









bull Gas Cut Cement



bull Vertical

bull Slant

bull Horizontal






22

Micro-annulus




CementCasing



23







24




conditions







1550 kgm3 cement



25




bull 85 - 90 MPa




26

CapRock





relies onrdquo










32













34












983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149

983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151

983086 983086

983113 983156 983145 983155

983143 983151 983145 983150

983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152

983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148

983140 983086 983086 983086

983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151

983138 983137 983140

983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141

983110 983148 983137 983149

983086 983086

983113 983156 983140 983151

983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149

983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151

983149 983141 983086














983124 983154 983157 983141

991251 983113 983137 983149

983158 983141 983154 983161 983139

983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141

991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148

983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251

983113 983140 983151

983150 983151 983156

983147 983150 983151 983159

983144 983151 983086 983086 983086

983118 983087 983105 991251 983113

983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139

983086 983086 983086

983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077



12

VDL










CasingFormation

Mud




13






values




VDL shows s trong


arrivals

VDL shows s trong


formation arrivals



14

VDL Example Summary


Free Pipe



15

VDL Example Summary


Transmitter

3 ft Receiver

5 ft Receiver













17




amplitudes


vary)


ndash 4 hours

ndash 18 hours

ndash 28 hours

ndash 33 hours






P a

Time Hours




19



(critical interval)

39 minutes









bull Gas Cut Cement



bull Vertical

bull Slant

bull Horizontal






22

Micro-annulus




CementCasing



23







24




conditions







1550 kgm3 cement



25




bull 85 - 90 MPa




26

CapRock





relies onrdquo










32













34












983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149

983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151

983086 983086

983113 983156 983145 983155

983143 983151 983145 983150

983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152

983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148

983140 983086 983086 983086

983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151

983138 983137 983140

983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141

983110 983148 983137 983149

983086 983086

983113 983156 983140 983151

983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149

983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151

983149 983141 983086














983124 983154 983157 983141

991251 983113 983137 983149

983158 983141 983154 983161 983139

983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141

991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148

983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251

983113 983140 983151

983150 983151 983156

983147 983150 983151 983159

983144 983151 983086 983086 983086

983118 983087 983105 991251 983113

983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139

983086 983086 983086

983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077



13






values




VDL shows s trong


arrivals

VDL shows s trong


formation arrivals



14

VDL Example Summary


Free Pipe



15

VDL Example Summary


Transmitter

3 ft Receiver

5 ft Receiver













17




amplitudes


vary)


ndash 4 hours

ndash 18 hours

ndash 28 hours

ndash 33 hours






P a

Time Hours




19



(critical interval)

39 minutes









bull Gas Cut Cement



bull Vertical

bull Slant

bull Horizontal






22

Micro-annulus




CementCasing



23







24




conditions







1550 kgm3 cement



25




bull 85 - 90 MPa




26

CapRock





relies onrdquo










32













34












983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149

983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151

983086 983086

983113 983156 983145 983155

983143 983151 983145 983150

983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152

983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148

983140 983086 983086 983086

983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151

983138 983137 983140

983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141

983110 983148 983137 983149

983086 983086

983113 983156 983140 983151

983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149

983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151

983149 983141 983086














983124 983154 983157 983141

991251 983113 983137 983149

983158 983141 983154 983161 983139

983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141

991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148

983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251

983113 983140 983151

983150 983151 983156

983147 983150 983151 983159

983144 983151 983086 983086 983086

983118 983087 983105 991251 983113

983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139

983086 983086 983086

983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077



14

VDL Example Summary


Free Pipe



15

VDL Example Summary


Transmitter

3 ft Receiver

5 ft Receiver













17




amplitudes


vary)


ndash 4 hours

ndash 18 hours

ndash 28 hours

ndash 33 hours






P a

Time Hours




19



(critical interval)

39 minutes









bull Gas Cut Cement



bull Vertical

bull Slant

bull Horizontal






22

Micro-annulus




CementCasing



23







24




conditions







1550 kgm3 cement



25




bull 85 - 90 MPa




26

CapRock





relies onrdquo










32













34












983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149

983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151

983086 983086

983113 983156 983145 983155

983143 983151 983145 983150

983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152

983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148

983140 983086 983086 983086

983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151

983138 983137 983140

983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141

983110 983148 983137 983149

983086 983086

983113 983156 983140 983151

983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149

983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151

983149 983141 983086














983124 983154 983157 983141

991251 983113 983137 983149

983158 983141 983154 983161 983139

983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141

991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148

983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251

983113 983140 983151

983150 983151 983156

983147 983150 983151 983159

983144 983151 983086 983086 983086

983118 983087 983105 991251 983113

983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139

983086 983086 983086

983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077



15

VDL Example Summary


Transmitter

3 ft Receiver

5 ft Receiver













17




amplitudes


vary)


ndash 4 hours

ndash 18 hours

ndash 28 hours

ndash 33 hours






P a

Time Hours




19



(critical interval)

39 minutes









bull Gas Cut Cement



bull Vertical

bull Slant

bull Horizontal






22

Micro-annulus




CementCasing



23







24




conditions







1550 kgm3 cement



25




bull 85 - 90 MPa




26

CapRock





relies onrdquo










32













34












983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149

983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151

983086 983086

983113 983156 983145 983155

983143 983151 983145 983150

983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152

983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148

983140 983086 983086 983086

983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151

983138 983137 983140

983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141

983110 983148 983137 983149

983086 983086

983113 983156 983140 983151

983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149

983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151

983149 983141 983086














983124 983154 983157 983141

991251 983113 983137 983149

983158 983141 983154 983161 983139

983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141

991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148

983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251

983113 983140 983151

983150 983151 983156

983147 983150 983151 983159

983144 983151 983086 983086 983086

983118 983087 983105 991251 983113

983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139

983086 983086 983086

983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077












17




amplitudes


vary)


ndash 4 hours

ndash 18 hours

ndash 28 hours

ndash 33 hours






P a

Time Hours




19



(critical interval)

39 minutes









bull Gas Cut Cement



bull Vertical

bull Slant

bull Horizontal






22

Micro-annulus




CementCasing



23







24




conditions







1550 kgm3 cement



25




bull 85 - 90 MPa




26

CapRock





relies onrdquo










32













34












983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149

983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151

983086 983086

983113 983156 983145 983155

983143 983151 983145 983150

983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152

983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148

983140 983086 983086 983086

983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151

983138 983137 983140

983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141

983110 983148 983137 983149

983086 983086

983113 983156 983140 983151

983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149

983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151

983149 983141 983086














983124 983154 983157 983141

991251 983113 983137 983149

983158 983141 983154 983161 983139

983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141

991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148

983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251

983113 983140 983151

983150 983151 983156

983147 983150 983151 983159

983144 983151 983086 983086 983086

983118 983087 983105 991251 983113

983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139

983086 983086 983086

983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077






P a

Time Hours




19



(critical interval)

39 minutes









bull Gas Cut Cement



bull Vertical

bull Slant

bull Horizontal






22

Micro-annulus




CementCasing



23







24




conditions







1550 kgm3 cement



25




bull 85 - 90 MPa




26

CapRock





relies onrdquo










32













34












983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149

983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151

983086 983086

983113 983156 983145 983155

983143 983151 983145 983150

983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152

983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148

983140 983086 983086 983086

983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151

983138 983137 983140

983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141

983110 983148 983137 983149

983086 983086

983113 983156 983140 983151

983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149

983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151

983149 983141 983086














983124 983154 983157 983141

991251 983113 983137 983149

983158 983141 983154 983161 983139

983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141

991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148

983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251

983113 983140 983151

983150 983151 983156

983147 983150 983151 983159

983144 983151 983086 983086 983086

983118 983087 983105 991251 983113

983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139

983086 983086 983086

983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077



19



(critical interval)

39 minutes









bull Gas Cut Cement



bull Vertical

bull Slant

bull Horizontal






22

Micro-annulus




CementCasing



23







24




conditions







1550 kgm3 cement



25




bull 85 - 90 MPa




26

CapRock





relies onrdquo










32













34












983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149

983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151

983086 983086

983113 983156 983145 983155

983143 983151 983145 983150

983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152

983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148

983140 983086 983086 983086

983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151

983138 983137 983140

983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141

983110 983148 983137 983149

983086 983086

983113 983156 983140 983151

983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149

983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151

983149 983141 983086














983124 983154 983157 983141

991251 983113 983137 983149

983158 983141 983154 983161 983139

983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141

991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148

983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251

983113 983140 983151

983150 983151 983156

983147 983150 983151 983159

983144 983151 983086 983086 983086

983118 983087 983105 991251 983113

983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139

983086 983086 983086

983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077






bull Gas Cut Cement



bull Vertical

bull Slant

bull Horizontal






22

Micro-annulus




CementCasing



23







24




conditions







1550 kgm3 cement



25




bull 85 - 90 MPa




26

CapRock





relies onrdquo










32













34












983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149

983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151

983086 983086

983113 983156 983145 983155

983143 983151 983145 983150

983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152

983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148

983140 983086 983086 983086

983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151

983138 983137 983140

983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141

983110 983148 983137 983149

983086 983086

983113 983156 983140 983151

983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149

983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151

983149 983141 983086














983124 983154 983157 983141

991251 983113 983137 983149

983158 983141 983154 983161 983139

983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141

991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148

983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251

983113 983140 983151

983150 983151 983156

983147 983150 983151 983159

983144 983151 983086 983086 983086

983118 983087 983105 991251 983113

983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139

983086 983086 983086

983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077






22

Micro-annulus




CementCasing



23







24




conditions







1550 kgm3 cement



25




bull 85 - 90 MPa




26

CapRock





relies onrdquo










32













34












983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149

983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151

983086 983086

983113 983156 983145 983155

983143 983151 983145 983150

983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152

983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148

983140 983086 983086 983086

983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151

983138 983137 983140

983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141

983110 983148 983137 983149

983086 983086

983113 983156 983140 983151

983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149

983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151

983149 983141 983086














983124 983154 983157 983141

991251 983113 983137 983149

983158 983141 983154 983161 983139

983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141

991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148

983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251

983113 983140 983151

983150 983151 983156

983147 983150 983151 983159

983144 983151 983086 983086 983086

983118 983087 983105 991251 983113

983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139

983086 983086 983086

983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077



23







24




conditions







1550 kgm3 cement



25




bull 85 - 90 MPa




26

CapRock





relies onrdquo










32













34












983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149

983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151

983086 983086

983113 983156 983145 983155

983143 983151 983145 983150

983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152

983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148

983140 983086 983086 983086

983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151

983138 983137 983140

983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141

983110 983148 983137 983149

983086 983086

983113 983156 983140 983151

983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149

983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151

983149 983141 983086














983124 983154 983157 983141

991251 983113 983137 983149

983158 983141 983154 983161 983139

983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141

991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148

983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251

983113 983140 983151

983150 983151 983156

983147 983150 983151 983159

983144 983151 983086 983086 983086

983118 983087 983105 991251 983113

983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139

983086 983086 983086

983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077



24




conditions







1550 kgm3 cement



25




bull 85 - 90 MPa




26

CapRock





relies onrdquo










32













34












983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149

983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151

983086 983086

983113 983156 983145 983155

983143 983151 983145 983150

983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152

983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148

983140 983086 983086 983086

983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151

983138 983137 983140

983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141

983110 983148 983137 983149

983086 983086

983113 983156 983140 983151

983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149

983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151

983149 983141 983086














983124 983154 983157 983141

991251 983113 983137 983149

983158 983141 983154 983161 983139

983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141

991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148

983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251

983113 983140 983151

983150 983151 983156

983147 983150 983151 983159

983144 983151 983086 983086 983086

983118 983087 983105 991251 983113

983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139

983086 983086 983086

983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077



25




bull 85 - 90 MPa




26

CapRock





relies onrdquo










32













34












983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149

983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151

983086 983086

983113 983156 983145 983155

983143 983151 983145 983150

983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152

983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148

983140 983086 983086 983086

983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151

983138 983137 983140

983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141

983110 983148 983137 983149

983086 983086

983113 983156 983140 983151

983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149

983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151

983149 983141 983086














983124 983154 983157 983141

991251 983113 983137 983149

983158 983141 983154 983161 983139

983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141

991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148

983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251

983113 983140 983151

983150 983151 983156

983147 983150 983151 983159

983144 983151 983086 983086 983086

983118 983087 983105 991251 983113

983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139

983086 983086 983086

983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077



26

CapRock





relies onrdquo










32













34












983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149

983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151

983086 983086

983113 983156 983145 983155

983143 983151 983145 983150

983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152

983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148

983140 983086 983086 983086

983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151

983138 983137 983140

983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141

983110 983148 983137 983149

983086 983086

983113 983156 983140 983151

983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149

983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151

983149 983141 983086














983124 983154 983157 983141

991251 983113 983137 983149

983158 983141 983154 983161 983139

983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141

991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148

983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251

983113 983140 983151

983150 983151 983156

983147 983150 983151 983159

983144 983151 983086 983086 983086

983118 983087 983105 991251 983113

983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139

983086 983086 983086

983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077





relies onrdquo










32













34












983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149

983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151

983086 983086

983113 983156 983145 983155

983143 983151 983145 983150

983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152

983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148

983140 983086 983086 983086

983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151

983138 983137 983140

983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141

983110 983148 983137 983149

983086 983086

983113 983156 983140 983151

983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149

983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151

983149 983141 983086














983124 983154 983157 983141

991251 983113 983137 983149

983158 983141 983154 983161 983139

983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141

991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148

983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251

983113 983140 983151

983150 983151 983156

983147 983150 983151 983159

983144 983151 983086 983086 983086

983118 983087 983105 991251 983113

983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139

983086 983086 983086

983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077









32













34












983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149

983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151

983086 983086

983113 983156 983145 983155

983143 983151 983145 983150

983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152

983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148

983140 983086 983086 983086

983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151

983138 983137 983140

983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141

983110 983148 983137 983149

983086 983086

983113 983156 983140 983151

983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149

983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151

983149 983141 983086














983124 983154 983157 983141

991251 983113 983137 983149

983158 983141 983154 983161 983139

983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141

991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148

983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251

983113 983140 983151

983150 983151 983156

983147 983150 983151 983159

983144 983151 983086 983086 983086

983118 983087 983105 991251 983113

983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139

983086 983086 983086

983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077













34












983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149

983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151

983086 983086

983113 983156 983145 983155

983143 983151 983145 983150

983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152

983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148

983140 983086 983086 983086

983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151

983138 983137 983140

983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141

983110 983148 983137 983149

983086 983086

983113 983156 983140 983151

983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149

983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151

983149 983141 983086














983124 983154 983157 983141

991251 983113 983137 983149

983158 983141 983154 983161 983139

983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141

991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148

983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251

983113 983140 983151

983150 983151 983156

983147 983150 983151 983159

983144 983151 983086 983086 983086

983118 983087 983105 991251 983113

983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139

983086 983086 983086

983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077








983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149

983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151

983086 983086

983113 983156 983145 983155

983143 983151 983145 983150

983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152

983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148

983140 983086 983086 983086

983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151

983138 983137 983140

983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141

983110 983148 983137 983149

983086 983086

983113 983156 983140 983151

983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149

983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151

983149 983141 983086














983124 983154 983157 983141

991251 983113 983137 983149

983158 983141 983154 983161 983139

983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141

991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148

983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251

983113 983140 983151

983150 983151 983156

983147 983150 983151 983159

983144 983151 983086 983086 983086

983118 983087 983105 991251 983113

983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139

983086 983086 983086

983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077












983124 983154 983157 983141

991251 983113 983137 983149

983158 983141 983154 983161 983139

983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141

991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148

983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086

983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251

983113 983140 983151

983150 983151 983156

983147 983150 983151 983159

983144 983151 983086 983086 983086

983118 983087 983105 991251 983113

983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139

983086 983086 983086

983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077

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