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Malaysia's

Civil Society

Engagement

in Forming

Climate Policies

A presentation for

Malaysian Youth Delegation to

COP21:Paris

Sunday, 16 August 2015 @ BAC

Anthony TanExecutive Director

ed@cetdem.org.my

CLIMATE CHANGE 101

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Muir Glacier, Alaska: 1941 & 2004

MELTING GLACIER – NORTHERN HEMISPHERE

Qori Kalis Glacier, Peru: 1978 & 2004

MELTING GLACIER – SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE

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Lake Lanier, Georgia drought:

March 4th 2007 (left), February 11th 2008 (right)

Kota Tinggi, Johor (2007) – Indication of Climate Change?

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Kelantan (2014/2015) – Climate Change Confirmed?

OVERVIEW

• Civil Society in Malaysia

• Stewardship / Volition

• Pre-Rio / Rio 1992 / Post-Rio

• Malaysian Climate Change

Group (MCCG)

• Malaysia's Civil Society

Engagement in Forming Climate

Policies

• About CETDEM

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What is “Civil Society”

• The aggregate of NON-GOVERNMENTAL

ORGANISATIONS AND INSTITUTIONS that manifest

interests and will of citizens;

• Individuals and organizations in a society which are

INDEPENDENT OF THE GOVERNMENT;

• ENGOs – Environmental NGOs;

• YONGOs – Youth NGOs;

• BINGOs – Business Interest NGOs; and

• Religious / Faith-based Organisations.

• GONGOs – Government Organised NGOs proliferating in

developing countries are NOT part of Civil Society per se.

CIVIL SOCIETY IN MALAYSIA

Examples

ENGOs

MNS, EPSM, CETDEM, WWF, GEC;

Umbrella Bodies – MCCG, MENGOs

YOUNGOs

Persatuan Belia Perubahan Iklim

BINGOs

MEF, FMM, BCSRM

Religious / Faith-based NGOs

Malaysian Consultative Council of Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Sikhism and Taoism (MCCBCHST), CFM, CPHM

GONGOs

CIVIL SOCIETY IN MALAYSIA

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• Steward / Khalifah / Trustee

• To be a good Steward meansYOU must be responsible overother people's property andensure their well being withoutcheating, but being respectful inmanaging and taking ordersfrom others.

• Steward is NOT the Owner.

• Steward is only a manager.

• Steward must be trustworthy andnot misuse his authority

Malaysia's Steward in Chief

Prime Minister

Dato' Sri Haji

Mohd Najib bin

Tun Haji Abdul Razak

STEWARDSHIP & VOLITION

• Personal Political Will

• Values based decision making

• Doing what is RIGHT, not what is POPULAR

• Standing up to be counted

• Universal Needs above Personal Needs

STEWARDSHIP & VOLITION

Gurmit Singh

Environmentalist

Mahatma

Gandhi

Nelson

Mandela

Tunku

Abdul Rahman

Mother

Theresa

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Universities & Universities College Act (1971)

• Restrictions on student activism within the campus;

First World Climate Conference (1979)

Geneva, sponsored by the WMO;

Led to creation of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) by WMO and UNEP in 1988.

PRE-RIO

IPCC First Assessment Report (1990)

Work began in 1985

Basis for UNFCCC

Second Climate Conference (1990)

Geneva

Operasi Lalang (27 Oct 1987)

• Sustainability was a “dirty” word;

• Social Activism equated to terrorism;

• Social Activists deemed as anti-establishment, anti-development

• Arrest of prominent political leaders, social activists and others.

Brundtland Commission (1987)

• Definition of Sustainable Development – that “fulfills the current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to fulfill their own needs”.

PRE-RIO

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RIO EARTH SUMMIT 1992

RIO Earth Summit 1992 changed the perception of Malaysia's then Prime Minister, The Honorable Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad

• Sustainable Development seen as the direction to be taken by Developing Countries;

• Civil Society needs to be engaged;

RIO EARTH SUMMIT 1992

RIO Earth Summit 1992 established:

• Rio Declaration on Environment and Development

• Agenda 21

• Forest Principles

2 agreements open for signing:

• Convention on Bio-Diversity (CBD) –enforced from 29th December 1993

• United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) – enforced from 21st

March 1994

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Business Council on Sustainable Development Malaysia

• Now known as Business Council on Sustainability and Responsibility Malaysia.

Malaysian Climate Change Group (1992)

• MCCG comprising of CETDEM, EPSM and MNS.

COP1:Berlin (1994)

• The first Conference of Parties to the Convention was held in Berlin, Germany in 1994.

POST-RIO

1992 1st Earth Summit, Rio de Janeiro

1995 COP 1 – Berlin, Germany (1st Conference of Parties)

1997 Adoption of Kyoto Protocol

2002 Malaysia ratified Kyoto Protocol

2009 World Climate Conference-3 (WCC-3), Geneva, Switzerland

2009 COP 15 – Copenhagen, Denmark

2010 COP 16 – Cancun, Mexico

2011 COP 17 – Durban, South Africa

2012 COP 18 – Doha, Qatar

2013 COP 19 – Warsaw, Poland

2014 COP 20 – Lima, Peru

2015 COP 21 – Paris, France

GLOBAL ATTEMPTS to curb Climate

Change

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MALAYSIAN POLICIES AND ACTS

• So many Energy related Acts

• NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY?

• Malaysia has a National Automotive Policy

• NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION POLICY?

• 1974 Petroleum Development Act

• 1975 National Petroleum Policy

• 1980 National Depletion Policy

• 1990 Electricity Supply Act

• 1993 Gas Supply Acts

• 1994 Electricity Regulations

• 1997 Gas Supply Regulation

• 2001 Energy Commission Act

• 2011 Renewable Energy Act

• 20XX Energy Efficiency Act (pending ...)

CETDEM'S POLICY RELATED WORKMemo on National Transportation Policy

No Transportation Policy but a National Car Policy

Some Transport Ministers acted as if vehicles ran on air

Memo on Comprehensive Malaysian Energy Policy 2007

Band-aid policies like Petroleum Depletion, 4 Fuel, 5th Fuel, Alternative Energy

Supply driven instead of Demand driven

Climate Change Action Plan 2004

Submitted to NRE but lost in transit while shifting office

Discussed in Nov 2007 just before COP13 Bali

Input to the National CC Policy but many recommendations were already implemented by 2008/2009

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FORMULATION OF POLICIES

GOVERNMENT'S VIEW

• Policy must be Government initiated

• Policy Document is Government-owned

• Top-Down Approach

• Government knows best

CIVIL SOCIETY'S VIEW

• Policy should be Civil Society driven

• Policy Document should be Public-owned

• Bottom-Up Approach

• Citizens advise Government

FORMULATION OF POLICIES

GOVERNMENT'S VIEW

• Policy must be worded in legal terms and jargon

• Result of Consultation need not be circulated to Stakeholders for review

• Policy first, Action Plan later

• We show you the projections

CIVIL SOCIETY'S VIEW

• Policy should be worded in simple layman language

• Result of Consultation should be circulated to Stakeholders for review

• Action Plan first, Policy later

• We show you the facts

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CLIMATE CHANGE POLICYCETDEM submitted “Climate Change Action Plan” to NRE in 2004.

Climate Change Action Plan is misplaced while transfer of NRE office

Climate Change Action Plan tabled at National Steering Committee on Climate Change just before COP13:Bali 2007

Draft of National Policy on Climate Change prepared by LESTARI, distributed & discussed with Malaysian Environmental NGOs at UKM, 23rd July 2008

MENGOs organised emergency 2 day workshop to process the draft policy at MNS, 15th & 16th August 2008

Climate Change Policy retreat at Palm Garden, 24th & 25th

September 2008

Climate Change Policy workshop, Marriot Putrajaya, 7th July 2009

CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY

National Policy on Climate Change was approved by Cabinet on 20th

November 2009;

National Policy on Climate Change was launched by the then Deputy Prime Minister, YAB Tan Sri Dato’ Hj. Muhyiddin bin Hj. Mohd Yassin, on 30th August 2010;

Policy Statement – Ensure climate-resilient development to fulfil national aspirations for sustainability

5 Principles

10 Strategid Thrusts

43 key actions

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MALAYSIAN CLIMATE CHANGE GROUP

MCCG was formed in 1992

Founding members

CETDEM – Centre for Environment, Technology &

Development Malaysia

EPSM – Environment Protection Society Malaysia

MNS – Malaysian Nature Society

Additional members

PCA – Perak Consumer Association (Aug 2002)

WWF Malaysia (July 2009)

GEC – Global Environmental Centre (2012)

ABOUT MCCG

• Secretariat hosted by the EPSM until 1994. CETDEM took

over the role with Gurmit Singh as the MCCG coordinator.

• Start of 2002, the MCCG launched a new three-year public

awareness project, Mobilizing Malaysians on Climate

Change (MMCC). CETDEM, as the coordinating secretariat,

administered the project, with funding from DANCED. The

project has been successfully completed in May 2005.

• WWF Malaysia is the current host.

• MCCG remains the only non-governmental body in

Malaysia that actively addresses climate change issues.

Members recognize that one of the MCCGs strengths is its

informality and flexibility but accept that we cannot be

complacent: there is still much work to do!

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Mobilizing Malaysians on Climate

Change (MMCC) 2002-2005

• A three year project to assist Malaysia society to enhance

the ability to address climate change issues in various

sectors (e.g energy, land resources, forest), both at the

national and international level.

• Objectives of MMCC

– Motivate as many sectors of Malaysian society, including the business and industrial community as well as the general public to take positive action on climate change issues as a result of an effective advocacy and awareness campaign.

– Get more Malaysian NGOs mobilized through an energized MCCG to assist in above objective. The project also strived to get additional funding for the network so that its activities beyond the project period can be sustained.

• MCCG's aim is to educate the public in all sectors such as

government, private sector, NGOs, school children,

marginalized communities, on the need to reduce

greenhouse gas emissions.

• With the support of the DANCED Fund (Malaysian- Danish

Country Programme for Cooperation in Environment and

Sustainable Development, 2002-2006), MCCG, which is

actively engaged in domestic and international

negotiations concerning climate change, completed the

project MOBILIZING MALAYSIANS ON CLIMATE CHANGE

in May 2005.

• CETDEM as the coordinating secretariat administered this

project. MNS took over as coordinator with effect from

January 2005.

• Climate Change Action Plan was submitted to NRE in 2004

Mobilizing Malaysians on Climate

Change (MMCC) 2002-2005

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• Briefings for elected representatives at State & Federal levels:

– Penang: almost all elected reps attended

– Sarawak: not good response – only 1/3 representative attended

– Parliament: 40 backbenchers and opposition members attended out of 60 that confirmed attending.

Mobilizing Malaysians on Climate

Change (MMCC) 2002-2005

EPSM INITIATIVES

• In 1997 EPSM embarked on a Local Communities and the

Environment project which supported the establishment of Local

Agenda 21 among local authorities. EPSM held a series of public

awareness raising seminars on Local Agenda 21 which focuses

on achieving sustainable development through partnerships

between local authorities and communities

• 22nd May 2007 – Public forum on Malaysia's response to CC

• Ecological Footprinting & Sustainable Living in Malaysia (SLiM)

2007

– National Workshop (13 - 14 June 2007) on Introduction to the Concept of the Ecological Footprint held in Petaling Jaya

– National Conference and Public Forum (15 - 16 June 2007) on Living Well within the Ecological Limits of Our Planet held in Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur

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EPSM INITIATIVES

• 28th Mar 2009 – Earth Hour, Public Talks at school,

orphanage & pub!

• 5th Jun 2009 – WED, Public Talk on Uniting to Combat

Climate Change – 165 attendees

• 26th Jun 2009 – Project partner in Green Hunt organised by

MENGOs (Malaysian Environmental NGOs) – a public

tranport based treasure hunt

• Rainwater harvesting project being implemented in

orphanage (Pure Life Society) with 140 residents

• 2013-2014 – Sustainable Living in Malaysia (SLiM) series of

workshops

MNS INITIATIVES

• KPA (Kelab Pencinta Alam / Nature Lover's Club) in

schools to promote conservation culture and brig CC

awareness among the students

• MNS Envrionment textbook funded by ExxonMobil,

published in 2007

• Study on GHG emissions (g CO2 per passanger km) for

buses in Klang Valley in 2007 funded by MNRE

• Jointly organised with MENGO & DANIDA a National

Workshop on CC Projections in Malaysia, to highlight and

sensitise civil society on the sectoral impacts of CC –

health, agriculture & forestry – come up with possible

solutions

• Ongoing conservation studies, projects and campaigns

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CETDEM INITITATIVES

• Demonstration & Documentation Centre (DDC) – 2004-2007

funded by DANIDA

– Demonstraton Cool EE House in SS2 Petaling Jaya

– Passive heat reduction (roof insulation, direct sunlight dispersal), EE & RE (BIPV), rainwater harvesting

– Public briefings/practical sessions on how to do energy audit

– Briefing on Demo Cool House

– Submitted Memo on Comprehensive Nat'l Energy Policy 2007

CETDEM INITITATIVES

Other Energy Efficiency Projects

ABC 2004/2005 Awaress and Building Capacity in

Peninsula & Borneo. Energy audits done in 10

cities/towns (SGP Malaysia);

WCPJ 2006 – working with 50 families on household

energy efficiency in Petaling Jaya (ExxonMobil);

SSEEAP Nov 2008 till Jan 2010 - Secondary School

Energy Efficiency Action Project, 5 Secondary Schools

in KL took part in an Energy Efficiency Competition;

FiT & SAVE Sept. 2012 till March 2014 – Exhibition and

Seminar/Workshops on Renewable Energy & Energy

Efficiency

RE & EE Aug. 2015 till Feb. 2016 - Exhibition and

Seminar/Workshops on Renewable Energy & Energy

Efficiency

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CETDEM INITIATIVES

Transport related projects

CACCET 2007/2008 – Creating Awareness on

Climate Change, Energy useand Transportation

(MNRE)

STOP 2009/2010 – Sustainable Transport Options

(UNDP GEF SGP)

PJ-EcoMobility 2014/2016 – Creating People

Centric EcoMobility Recreational Park in Petaling

Jaya

CETDEM INITIATIVES

• Climate Change related Seminars

– 5th Jun 2007 – CDM Seminar

– 5th Jun 2008 – CC Seminar featuring Diplomatic Dialogue (Netherlands, Britain, India, Australia, Singapore)

– 15th Jun 2009 – CC Seminar featuring Diplomatic Dialogue (EU, Denmark).

– 7th Jun 2010 – CC Seminar featuring Diplimatic Dialogue (Mexico, EU, Brazil, China, Japan)

– 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015 – CC Seminars

• Energy related Conferences

– 5th & 6th Nov 2007 – Inaugural Annual Malaysian Sustainable Energy Conference

– 10th & 11th Nov 2008 - 2nd Annual Malaysian SEC

– 5th & 6th Nov 2009 - 3rd Annual Malaysian SEC

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Operated an Organic Farm (1986 – 1996)

Visit to Organic Farms, compost making classes

CHC @ PJ (Jun 2008 – Nov 2009)

Community Initiative on Household Composting.

Teaching 50 families in Petaling Jaya how to

make compost from kitchen and garden waste.

Reduce pressure on landfills. 40-60% household

waste is organic in nature.

Hari Organik (since August 2009)

Promoting healthy organic lifestyle.

Open air carnivals held in Petaling Jaya, Klang,

Bangsar and George Town

Malaysian Organic & Natural Products Exhibitions

CETDEM INITIATIVES

Average Energy Consumption

(WCPJ 2006)

Electricity

19.73%

Gas (Kitchen)

5.66%

Fuel

74.61%

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Average Electricity Consumption Breakdown

(WCPJ 2006)

Refrigerator

21.48%

Cooking

4.96%

Washing

Machine

2.47%

Heating

11.03%Cooling

44.23%

Entertainment

4.22%

Lighting

7.12%

Others

4.49%

Does this look familiar to you?

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CONSIDER THESE FACTS

Usage of 1kWh electricity

means emission of 1 kg

CO2e at the electricity power

station (Peninsula Malaysia)

Combustion of 1 liter of

diesel / petrol means the

emission of 2.5 kg CO2e into

the atmosphere

ENERGY EFFICIENCY CASE

STUDY

WCPJ (2006)

• Research on energy consumption patterns of Petaling

Jaya residents, 50 households helped to become more

energy efficient, covering usage of electricity, gas and

fuel for vehicles

• Energy Audit as baseline

• Zero Cost Actions

• Actions Incurring Some Cost

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Average Energy Consumption

(WCPJ 2006)

Electricity

19.73%

Gas (Kitchen)

5.66%

Fuel

74.61%

Average Electricity Consumption Breakdown

(WCPJ 2006)

Refrigerator

21.48%

Cooking

4.96%

Washing

Machine

2.47%

Heating

11.03%Cooling

44.23%

Entertainment

4.22%

Lighting

7.12%

Others

4.49%

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• 'Always Promoting Sustainable Development', providing practical & sustainable solutions to the general public since 1985

• Not-for-profit organisation for training, research, expertise and development

• Climate Change, Energy, Transport, Organic Farming & Water

CETDEM,

17 Jalan SS2/53,

47300 Petaling Jaya,

Selangor

Phone : +603-7875 7767

Email: ed@cetdem.org.my

gs@cetdem.org.my

Web: www.cetdem.org.my

FB: cetdem.org.my

• Sustainable Development Initiatives (SUDI) launched in August 2011

1st Study

– Lowering the Heat

– Report released 14 June 2012

2nd Study

– Elusive Urban Sustinability

– Report released 28 June 2014

** 3rd Study on Water will begin once funding is secured

CETDEM,

17 Jalan SS2/53,

47300 Petaling Jaya,

Selangor

Phone : +603-7875 7767

Email: ed@cetdem.org.my

gs@cetdem.org.my

Web: www.cetdem.org.my

FB: cetdem.org.my

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www.cetdem.org.my

THANK YOU

For more information on CETDEM

Follow us on FaceBook/cetdem.org.my

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As YOU prepare for

COP21:Paris

please consider this

Talk and bargaining

UNFCCC Negotiations

2013 COP 19

11-22 Nov. 2013

Warsaw, Poland

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Silence and Death

Typhoon Haiyan hit the Philippines

THANK YOUfor your

interactive participation