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Malaysia's
Civil Society
Engagement
in Forming
Climate Policies
A presentation for
Malaysian Youth Delegation to
COP21:Paris
Sunday, 16 August 2015 @ BAC
Anthony TanExecutive Director
CLIMATE CHANGE 101
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Muir Glacier, Alaska: 1941 & 2004
MELTING GLACIER – NORTHERN HEMISPHERE
Qori Kalis Glacier, Peru: 1978 & 2004
MELTING GLACIER – SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
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Lake Lanier, Georgia drought:
March 4th 2007 (left), February 11th 2008 (right)
Kota Tinggi, Johor (2007) – Indication of Climate Change?
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Kelantan (2014/2015) – Climate Change Confirmed?
OVERVIEW
• Civil Society in Malaysia
• Stewardship / Volition
• Pre-Rio / Rio 1992 / Post-Rio
• Malaysian Climate Change
Group (MCCG)
• Malaysia's Civil Society
Engagement in Forming Climate
Policies
• About CETDEM
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What is “Civil Society”
• The aggregate of NON-GOVERNMENTAL
ORGANISATIONS AND INSTITUTIONS that manifest
interests and will of citizens;
• Individuals and organizations in a society which are
INDEPENDENT OF THE GOVERNMENT;
• ENGOs – Environmental NGOs;
• YONGOs – Youth NGOs;
• BINGOs – Business Interest NGOs; and
• Religious / Faith-based Organisations.
• GONGOs – Government Organised NGOs proliferating in
developing countries are NOT part of Civil Society per se.
CIVIL SOCIETY IN MALAYSIA
Examples
ENGOs
MNS, EPSM, CETDEM, WWF, GEC;
Umbrella Bodies – MCCG, MENGOs
YOUNGOs
Persatuan Belia Perubahan Iklim
BINGOs
MEF, FMM, BCSRM
Religious / Faith-based NGOs
Malaysian Consultative Council of Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Sikhism and Taoism (MCCBCHST), CFM, CPHM
GONGOs
CIVIL SOCIETY IN MALAYSIA
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• Steward / Khalifah / Trustee
• To be a good Steward meansYOU must be responsible overother people's property andensure their well being withoutcheating, but being respectful inmanaging and taking ordersfrom others.
• Steward is NOT the Owner.
• Steward is only a manager.
• Steward must be trustworthy andnot misuse his authority
Malaysia's Steward in Chief
Prime Minister
Dato' Sri Haji
Mohd Najib bin
Tun Haji Abdul Razak
STEWARDSHIP & VOLITION
• Personal Political Will
• Values based decision making
• Doing what is RIGHT, not what is POPULAR
• Standing up to be counted
• Universal Needs above Personal Needs
STEWARDSHIP & VOLITION
Gurmit Singh
Environmentalist
Mahatma
Gandhi
Nelson
Mandela
Tunku
Abdul Rahman
Mother
Theresa
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Universities & Universities College Act (1971)
• Restrictions on student activism within the campus;
First World Climate Conference (1979)
Geneva, sponsored by the WMO;
Led to creation of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) by WMO and UNEP in 1988.
PRE-RIO
IPCC First Assessment Report (1990)
Work began in 1985
Basis for UNFCCC
Second Climate Conference (1990)
Geneva
Operasi Lalang (27 Oct 1987)
• Sustainability was a “dirty” word;
• Social Activism equated to terrorism;
• Social Activists deemed as anti-establishment, anti-development
• Arrest of prominent political leaders, social activists and others.
Brundtland Commission (1987)
• Definition of Sustainable Development – that “fulfills the current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to fulfill their own needs”.
PRE-RIO
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RIO EARTH SUMMIT 1992
RIO Earth Summit 1992 changed the perception of Malaysia's then Prime Minister, The Honorable Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad
• Sustainable Development seen as the direction to be taken by Developing Countries;
• Civil Society needs to be engaged;
RIO EARTH SUMMIT 1992
RIO Earth Summit 1992 established:
• Rio Declaration on Environment and Development
• Agenda 21
• Forest Principles
2 agreements open for signing:
• Convention on Bio-Diversity (CBD) –enforced from 29th December 1993
• United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) – enforced from 21st
March 1994
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Business Council on Sustainable Development Malaysia
• Now known as Business Council on Sustainability and Responsibility Malaysia.
Malaysian Climate Change Group (1992)
• MCCG comprising of CETDEM, EPSM and MNS.
COP1:Berlin (1994)
• The first Conference of Parties to the Convention was held in Berlin, Germany in 1994.
POST-RIO
1992 1st Earth Summit, Rio de Janeiro
1995 COP 1 – Berlin, Germany (1st Conference of Parties)
1997 Adoption of Kyoto Protocol
2002 Malaysia ratified Kyoto Protocol
2009 World Climate Conference-3 (WCC-3), Geneva, Switzerland
2009 COP 15 – Copenhagen, Denmark
2010 COP 16 – Cancun, Mexico
2011 COP 17 – Durban, South Africa
2012 COP 18 – Doha, Qatar
2013 COP 19 – Warsaw, Poland
2014 COP 20 – Lima, Peru
2015 COP 21 – Paris, France
GLOBAL ATTEMPTS to curb Climate
Change
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MALAYSIAN POLICIES AND ACTS
• So many Energy related Acts
• NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY?
• Malaysia has a National Automotive Policy
• NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION POLICY?
• 1974 Petroleum Development Act
• 1975 National Petroleum Policy
• 1980 National Depletion Policy
• 1990 Electricity Supply Act
• 1993 Gas Supply Acts
• 1994 Electricity Regulations
• 1997 Gas Supply Regulation
• 2001 Energy Commission Act
• 2011 Renewable Energy Act
• 20XX Energy Efficiency Act (pending ...)
CETDEM'S POLICY RELATED WORKMemo on National Transportation Policy
No Transportation Policy but a National Car Policy
Some Transport Ministers acted as if vehicles ran on air
Memo on Comprehensive Malaysian Energy Policy 2007
Band-aid policies like Petroleum Depletion, 4 Fuel, 5th Fuel, Alternative Energy
Supply driven instead of Demand driven
Climate Change Action Plan 2004
Submitted to NRE but lost in transit while shifting office
Discussed in Nov 2007 just before COP13 Bali
Input to the National CC Policy but many recommendations were already implemented by 2008/2009
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FORMULATION OF POLICIES
GOVERNMENT'S VIEW
• Policy must be Government initiated
• Policy Document is Government-owned
• Top-Down Approach
• Government knows best
CIVIL SOCIETY'S VIEW
• Policy should be Civil Society driven
• Policy Document should be Public-owned
• Bottom-Up Approach
• Citizens advise Government
FORMULATION OF POLICIES
GOVERNMENT'S VIEW
• Policy must be worded in legal terms and jargon
• Result of Consultation need not be circulated to Stakeholders for review
• Policy first, Action Plan later
• We show you the projections
CIVIL SOCIETY'S VIEW
• Policy should be worded in simple layman language
• Result of Consultation should be circulated to Stakeholders for review
• Action Plan first, Policy later
• We show you the facts
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CLIMATE CHANGE POLICYCETDEM submitted “Climate Change Action Plan” to NRE in 2004.
Climate Change Action Plan is misplaced while transfer of NRE office
Climate Change Action Plan tabled at National Steering Committee on Climate Change just before COP13:Bali 2007
Draft of National Policy on Climate Change prepared by LESTARI, distributed & discussed with Malaysian Environmental NGOs at UKM, 23rd July 2008
MENGOs organised emergency 2 day workshop to process the draft policy at MNS, 15th & 16th August 2008
Climate Change Policy retreat at Palm Garden, 24th & 25th
September 2008
Climate Change Policy workshop, Marriot Putrajaya, 7th July 2009
CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY
National Policy on Climate Change was approved by Cabinet on 20th
November 2009;
National Policy on Climate Change was launched by the then Deputy Prime Minister, YAB Tan Sri Dato’ Hj. Muhyiddin bin Hj. Mohd Yassin, on 30th August 2010;
Policy Statement – Ensure climate-resilient development to fulfil national aspirations for sustainability
5 Principles
10 Strategid Thrusts
43 key actions
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MALAYSIAN CLIMATE CHANGE GROUP
MCCG was formed in 1992
Founding members
CETDEM – Centre for Environment, Technology &
Development Malaysia
EPSM – Environment Protection Society Malaysia
MNS – Malaysian Nature Society
Additional members
PCA – Perak Consumer Association (Aug 2002)
WWF Malaysia (July 2009)
GEC – Global Environmental Centre (2012)
ABOUT MCCG
• Secretariat hosted by the EPSM until 1994. CETDEM took
over the role with Gurmit Singh as the MCCG coordinator.
• Start of 2002, the MCCG launched a new three-year public
awareness project, Mobilizing Malaysians on Climate
Change (MMCC). CETDEM, as the coordinating secretariat,
administered the project, with funding from DANCED. The
project has been successfully completed in May 2005.
• WWF Malaysia is the current host.
• MCCG remains the only non-governmental body in
Malaysia that actively addresses climate change issues.
Members recognize that one of the MCCGs strengths is its
informality and flexibility but accept that we cannot be
complacent: there is still much work to do!
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Mobilizing Malaysians on Climate
Change (MMCC) 2002-2005
• A three year project to assist Malaysia society to enhance
the ability to address climate change issues in various
sectors (e.g energy, land resources, forest), both at the
national and international level.
• Objectives of MMCC
– Motivate as many sectors of Malaysian society, including the business and industrial community as well as the general public to take positive action on climate change issues as a result of an effective advocacy and awareness campaign.
– Get more Malaysian NGOs mobilized through an energized MCCG to assist in above objective. The project also strived to get additional funding for the network so that its activities beyond the project period can be sustained.
• MCCG's aim is to educate the public in all sectors such as
government, private sector, NGOs, school children,
marginalized communities, on the need to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions.
• With the support of the DANCED Fund (Malaysian- Danish
Country Programme for Cooperation in Environment and
Sustainable Development, 2002-2006), MCCG, which is
actively engaged in domestic and international
negotiations concerning climate change, completed the
project MOBILIZING MALAYSIANS ON CLIMATE CHANGE
in May 2005.
• CETDEM as the coordinating secretariat administered this
project. MNS took over as coordinator with effect from
January 2005.
• Climate Change Action Plan was submitted to NRE in 2004
Mobilizing Malaysians on Climate
Change (MMCC) 2002-2005
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• Briefings for elected representatives at State & Federal levels:
– Penang: almost all elected reps attended
– Sarawak: not good response – only 1/3 representative attended
– Parliament: 40 backbenchers and opposition members attended out of 60 that confirmed attending.
Mobilizing Malaysians on Climate
Change (MMCC) 2002-2005
EPSM INITIATIVES
• In 1997 EPSM embarked on a Local Communities and the
Environment project which supported the establishment of Local
Agenda 21 among local authorities. EPSM held a series of public
awareness raising seminars on Local Agenda 21 which focuses
on achieving sustainable development through partnerships
between local authorities and communities
• 22nd May 2007 – Public forum on Malaysia's response to CC
• Ecological Footprinting & Sustainable Living in Malaysia (SLiM)
2007
– National Workshop (13 - 14 June 2007) on Introduction to the Concept of the Ecological Footprint held in Petaling Jaya
– National Conference and Public Forum (15 - 16 June 2007) on Living Well within the Ecological Limits of Our Planet held in Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur
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EPSM INITIATIVES
• 28th Mar 2009 – Earth Hour, Public Talks at school,
orphanage & pub!
• 5th Jun 2009 – WED, Public Talk on Uniting to Combat
Climate Change – 165 attendees
• 26th Jun 2009 – Project partner in Green Hunt organised by
MENGOs (Malaysian Environmental NGOs) – a public
tranport based treasure hunt
• Rainwater harvesting project being implemented in
orphanage (Pure Life Society) with 140 residents
• 2013-2014 – Sustainable Living in Malaysia (SLiM) series of
workshops
MNS INITIATIVES
• KPA (Kelab Pencinta Alam / Nature Lover's Club) in
schools to promote conservation culture and brig CC
awareness among the students
• MNS Envrionment textbook funded by ExxonMobil,
published in 2007
• Study on GHG emissions (g CO2 per passanger km) for
buses in Klang Valley in 2007 funded by MNRE
• Jointly organised with MENGO & DANIDA a National
Workshop on CC Projections in Malaysia, to highlight and
sensitise civil society on the sectoral impacts of CC –
health, agriculture & forestry – come up with possible
solutions
• Ongoing conservation studies, projects and campaigns
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CETDEM INITITATIVES
• Demonstration & Documentation Centre (DDC) – 2004-2007
funded by DANIDA
– Demonstraton Cool EE House in SS2 Petaling Jaya
– Passive heat reduction (roof insulation, direct sunlight dispersal), EE & RE (BIPV), rainwater harvesting
– Public briefings/practical sessions on how to do energy audit
– Briefing on Demo Cool House
– Submitted Memo on Comprehensive Nat'l Energy Policy 2007
CETDEM INITITATIVES
Other Energy Efficiency Projects
ABC 2004/2005 Awaress and Building Capacity in
Peninsula & Borneo. Energy audits done in 10
cities/towns (SGP Malaysia);
WCPJ 2006 – working with 50 families on household
energy efficiency in Petaling Jaya (ExxonMobil);
SSEEAP Nov 2008 till Jan 2010 - Secondary School
Energy Efficiency Action Project, 5 Secondary Schools
in KL took part in an Energy Efficiency Competition;
FiT & SAVE Sept. 2012 till March 2014 – Exhibition and
Seminar/Workshops on Renewable Energy & Energy
Efficiency
RE & EE Aug. 2015 till Feb. 2016 - Exhibition and
Seminar/Workshops on Renewable Energy & Energy
Efficiency
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CETDEM INITIATIVES
Transport related projects
CACCET 2007/2008 – Creating Awareness on
Climate Change, Energy useand Transportation
(MNRE)
STOP 2009/2010 – Sustainable Transport Options
(UNDP GEF SGP)
PJ-EcoMobility 2014/2016 – Creating People
Centric EcoMobility Recreational Park in Petaling
Jaya
CETDEM INITIATIVES
• Climate Change related Seminars
– 5th Jun 2007 – CDM Seminar
– 5th Jun 2008 – CC Seminar featuring Diplomatic Dialogue (Netherlands, Britain, India, Australia, Singapore)
– 15th Jun 2009 – CC Seminar featuring Diplomatic Dialogue (EU, Denmark).
– 7th Jun 2010 – CC Seminar featuring Diplimatic Dialogue (Mexico, EU, Brazil, China, Japan)
– 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015 – CC Seminars
• Energy related Conferences
– 5th & 6th Nov 2007 – Inaugural Annual Malaysian Sustainable Energy Conference
– 10th & 11th Nov 2008 - 2nd Annual Malaysian SEC
– 5th & 6th Nov 2009 - 3rd Annual Malaysian SEC
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Operated an Organic Farm (1986 – 1996)
Visit to Organic Farms, compost making classes
CHC @ PJ (Jun 2008 – Nov 2009)
Community Initiative on Household Composting.
Teaching 50 families in Petaling Jaya how to
make compost from kitchen and garden waste.
Reduce pressure on landfills. 40-60% household
waste is organic in nature.
Hari Organik (since August 2009)
Promoting healthy organic lifestyle.
Open air carnivals held in Petaling Jaya, Klang,
Bangsar and George Town
Malaysian Organic & Natural Products Exhibitions
CETDEM INITIATIVES
Average Energy Consumption
(WCPJ 2006)
Electricity
19.73%
Gas (Kitchen)
5.66%
Fuel
74.61%
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Average Electricity Consumption Breakdown
(WCPJ 2006)
Refrigerator
21.48%
Cooking
4.96%
Washing
Machine
2.47%
Heating
11.03%Cooling
44.23%
Entertainment
4.22%
Lighting
7.12%
Others
4.49%
Does this look familiar to you?
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CONSIDER THESE FACTS
Usage of 1kWh electricity
means emission of 1 kg
CO2e at the electricity power
station (Peninsula Malaysia)
Combustion of 1 liter of
diesel / petrol means the
emission of 2.5 kg CO2e into
the atmosphere
ENERGY EFFICIENCY CASE
STUDY
WCPJ (2006)
• Research on energy consumption patterns of Petaling
Jaya residents, 50 households helped to become more
energy efficient, covering usage of electricity, gas and
fuel for vehicles
• Energy Audit as baseline
• Zero Cost Actions
• Actions Incurring Some Cost
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Average Energy Consumption
(WCPJ 2006)
Electricity
19.73%
Gas (Kitchen)
5.66%
Fuel
74.61%
Average Electricity Consumption Breakdown
(WCPJ 2006)
Refrigerator
21.48%
Cooking
4.96%
Washing
Machine
2.47%
Heating
11.03%Cooling
44.23%
Entertainment
4.22%
Lighting
7.12%
Others
4.49%
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• 'Always Promoting Sustainable Development', providing practical & sustainable solutions to the general public since 1985
• Not-for-profit organisation for training, research, expertise and development
• Climate Change, Energy, Transport, Organic Farming & Water
CETDEM,
17 Jalan SS2/53,
47300 Petaling Jaya,
Selangor
Phone : +603-7875 7767
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.cetdem.org.my
FB: cetdem.org.my
• Sustainable Development Initiatives (SUDI) launched in August 2011
1st Study
– Lowering the Heat
– Report released 14 June 2012
2nd Study
– Elusive Urban Sustinability
– Report released 28 June 2014
** 3rd Study on Water will begin once funding is secured
CETDEM,
17 Jalan SS2/53,
47300 Petaling Jaya,
Selangor
Phone : +603-7875 7767
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.cetdem.org.my
FB: cetdem.org.my
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www.cetdem.org.my
THANK YOU
For more information on CETDEM
Follow us on FaceBook/cetdem.org.my
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As YOU prepare for
COP21:Paris
please consider this
Talk and bargaining
UNFCCC Negotiations
2013 COP 19
11-22 Nov. 2013
Warsaw, Poland