classification the study of classification of organisms into groups is called taxonomy

Classificati on The study of Classification of organisms into groups is called TAXONOMY .

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Classification The study of Classification of organisms into groups is

called TAXONOMY.

Why classify?

• It enables scientists to understand the relationships between organisms

• It is also a useful way of cataloguing organisms

Page 3: Classification The study of Classification of organisms into groups is called TAXONOMY

• Similarities exist between different species of organisms because of common genes.

• Closely related organisms have more genes in common and so share more features.

• Read p28 in handbook, under keywords.

Page 4: Classification The study of Classification of organisms into groups is called TAXONOMY

The basics of a Hierarchical Classification system:

Check that you have this copied onto the bottom of p28 of your HB:

• Organisms are divided into groups which are further subdivided into more groups.

• Organisms are classified on the basis of their similar or shared features.

• There is no overlap between the groups (ie an organism must either be a bird or a reptile, it cannot fall half way inbetween the 2).

Page 5: Classification The study of Classification of organisms into groups is called TAXONOMY

The first idea of classification

• Animals

• Plants

Page 6: Classification The study of Classification of organisms into groups is called TAXONOMY

Animals - ( invertebrates and…..

Invertebrates do NOT have a backbone nor an internal skeleton.

Page 7: Classification The study of Classification of organisms into groups is called TAXONOMY

vertebrates…or…….Chordates) Vertebrates DO have a backbone and an internal skeleton.

Page 8: Classification The study of Classification of organisms into groups is called TAXONOMY

Plants

Horse tail

Fern

Page 9: Classification The study of Classification of organisms into groups is called TAXONOMY

First classification

Th e firs t c lass ifica tion sys tem

P lan ts A n im a ls

K in g d om

Page 10: Classification The study of Classification of organisms into groups is called TAXONOMY

Fungi (Mushrooms, toadstools, moulds, yeasts)

Honey fungus

Mucor

Page 11: Classification The study of Classification of organisms into groups is called TAXONOMY

Up to three kingdoms

F u n g i P lan ts A n im a ls

K in g d om

Page 12: Classification The study of Classification of organisms into groups is called TAXONOMY

Protoctists (single celled organisms with a true nucleus & seaweeds.

Seaweed

Euglena

Volvox

Page 13: Classification The study of Classification of organisms into groups is called TAXONOMY

This made four kingdoms:

P ro toc tis ta F u n g i P lan ts A n im a ls

K in g d om

Page 14: Classification The study of Classification of organisms into groups is called TAXONOMY

ProkaryotesAll the species of bacteria eg Cholera vibrio, Bovine tuberculosis, Salmonella typhi.

Page 15: Classification The study of Classification of organisms into groups is called TAXONOMY

The Five Kingdoms

Th e F ive K in g d om S ys tem o f c lass ifiac tion

F eatu res

P rokaryo tae

F eatu res

P ro toc tis ta

F ea tu res

F u n g i

F ea tu res

A n im a lia

F ea tu res

P lan tae

K in g d om

Page 16: Classification The study of Classification of organisms into groups is called TAXONOMY

Where do these fit in?

Viruses Sponges

Page 17: Classification The study of Classification of organisms into groups is called TAXONOMY

• For AS Biology, you need to learn the latin names of the 5 kingdoms and some examples of organisms belonging to each.

• For A2 Biology, you need to learn the names and characteristic features of the 5 kingdoms.

Summarise this information on a poster using pages 63 – 69 of the Heinemann book.

Answer Q2 page 72 of the Heinemann book.

Page 18: Classification The study of Classification of organisms into groups is called TAXONOMY

Page 19: Classification The study of Classification of organisms into groups is called TAXONOMY

The Kingdom Hierarchical groupings:

• Kingdom

• Phylum

• Class

• Order

• Family

• Genus

• Species

Page 20: Classification The study of Classification of organisms into groups is called TAXONOMY

WITH LATIN NAMES OF ORGANISMS, THE FIRST WORD ISTHE GENUS AND HAS A CAPITAL LETTER, AND THE 2ND WORD IS THE SPECIES NAME AND HAS A LOWER CASE LETTER..

Page 21: Classification The study of Classification of organisms into groups is called TAXONOMY

Classification is Phylogenetic

This means that Classification is based on the evolutionary history of an organism.

(Draw sketch of evolutionary tree with sketched time-line)

The study of Classification of organisms into groups is called TAXONOMY.

• Evidence for classifying organisms in different genera groups can come from….

(a) their fossil records,

(b) differences in their DNA and

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