unit 6- classification taxonomy- taxonomy- the science of describing, naming, & classifying...
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Unit 6- ClassificationUnit 6- Classification
Taxonomy-Taxonomy- The science of The science of
describing, naming, & describing, naming, & classifying organismsclassifying organisms
Classification-Classification- Arrangement of Arrangement of
objects into groupsobjects into groups
Taxon- Taxon- Groups into which Groups into which
organisms are organisms are classifiedclassified
Why Classify?Why Classify?
We classify things We classify things in everyday lifein everyday life StoresStores SchoolSchool LibraryLibrary
Why Classify?Why Classify?
1. Organization1. Organization 2. Make comparisons2. Make comparisons 3. Name3. Name
Single universally Single universally accepted name accepted name (Latin/Greek)(Latin/Greek)
Common names can Common names can be misleadingbe misleading
Worm? Earthworm, Worm? Earthworm, tapeworm, ringwormtapeworm, ringworm
Sea Horse Sea Horse
AristotleAristotle
Plants- Plants- Based on structureBased on structure 3 groups3 groups
Herbs Herbs Shrubs Shrubs TreesTrees
Animals- Animals- Based on habitatBased on habitat 3 groups3 groups
Land dwellersLand dwellers Water dwellersWater dwellers Air dwellersAir dwellers
Carolus LinnaeusCarolus Linnaeus
Devised system of Devised system of grouping grouping organisms into organisms into categories categories according to form according to form and structure.and structure.
Had 7 LevelsHad 7 Levels
Levels of ClassificationLevels of Classification
DomainDomain KingdomKingdom PhylumPhylum ClassClass OrderOrder FamilyFamily GenusGenus SpeciesSpecies
NamingNaming
Binomial Nomenclature-Binomial Nomenclature- Two word scientific nameTwo word scientific name 1st word- genus name, 1st 1st word- genus name, 1st
letter capitalized- letter capitalized- HomoHomo 2nd word- species name, 2nd word- species name,
1st letter lower case- 1st letter lower case- sapienssapiens
Latin/Greek-Latin/Greek- Human- Human- Homo sapiensHomo sapiens Lion- Lion- Panthera leoPanthera leo House cat- House cat- Felis Felis
domesticusdomesticus
Human Taxa- groupsHuman Taxa- groups
Domain- EukaryaDomain- Eukarya Kingdom- AnimalKingdom- Animal Phylum- ChordataPhylum- Chordata Class- MammaliaClass- Mammalia Order- PrimateOrder- Primate Family- HominidaeFamily- Hominidae Genus- HomoGenus- Homo Species- sapiensSpecies- sapiens
Basis for ClassificationBasis for Classification
1. Homologous 1. Homologous Structures (p305)Structures (p305) Structures that are Structures that are
similar due to similar due to evolutionary relationships
Common ancestors Penguin flipper & Penguin flipper &
alligator legalligator leg Human arm & bats Human arm & bats
wingwing
Basis For ClassificationBasis For Classification
2. Biochemistry2. Biochemistry Organisms with Organisms with
similar chemical similar chemical make up are make up are classified classified together.together.
Basis For ClassificationBasis For Classification
3. Genetics3. Genetics Organisms that Organisms that
show similarities show similarities in genetic make in genetic make up (DNA) are up (DNA) are grouped together.grouped together.
NoNo Basis for Classification Basis for Classification
Analogous Analogous StructuresStructures
Structures that Structures that are similar due to are similar due to functionfunction
Wing of insect & Wing of insect & wing of birdwing of bird
Leg of grasshopper Leg of grasshopper & leg of cat& leg of cat