china_pp_overview_1_spring 2013.ppt

7/30/2019 China_PP_Overview_1_Spring 2013.ppt

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China: A Closer Look

Humanities 110: PP8


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Overview of China

Except as noted below, information for this presentation is from the CIAWorld Factbook available from

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-

factbook/geos/ch.html

Web. February 8, 2013.
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html


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An ancient civilization

For centuries China stood as

a leading civilization,

outpacing the rest of theworld in the arts and sciences

but in the 19th and early 20th

centuries, the country was

beset by civil unrest, majorfamines, military defeats, and

foreign occupation.


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Communistic Rule after WWII

After World War II, the Communists under

MAO Zedong established an autocratic

socialist system that, while ensuring China's

sovereignty, imposed strict controls overeveryday life and cost the lives of tens of

millions of people.


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Shift to Market Oriented Economy

After 1978, MAO's successor DENG Xiaoping

and other leaders focused on market-oriented

economic development and by 2000 output

had quadrupled.


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Reawakening of the Dragon?

For much of the population, living standards

have improved dramatically and the room for

personal choice has expanded, yet political

controls remain tight.

China since the early 1990s has increased its

global outreach and participation in

international organizations.


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Map of China

Worlds fourth largest country in the world after Russia,

Canada, USA


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Population of China

Population:

1,343,239,923 (July 2012 est.)

Country comparison to the world:1

Age structure:

0-14 years: 17.4% (male 125,528,983/female 107,668,285)




65 years and over: 9.1% (male 58,677,903/female 63,587,111) (2012 est.)

Median age:

total: 35.9 years

male: 35.2 yearsfemale: 36.6 years (2012 est.)

Population growth rate:

0.481% (2012 est.)

country comparison to the world: 152
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eas&rank=1https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eashttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eashttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2002rank.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eas&rank=152https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2002rank.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eas&rank=152https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eashttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eashttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eashttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eashttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eashttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eas&rank=1


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Labor Force

795.4 million total workers

More workers than any other country and more

than three times the total population of the USA.

Labor force - by occupation:

Agriculture: 36.7%

Industry: 28.7%

Services: 34.6% (2011 estimates)
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eashttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eashttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eashttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eas


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GNP (Gross National Product)

Country comparison to the world:3 after the EUand the USA

$8.204 trillion (2008 est.)

$8.95 trillion (2009 est.)$10.51 trillion (2010 est.)



note: data are in 2012 US dollars
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2001rank.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eas&rank=3


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Income Per Capita (Person)

GDP - per capita (PPP):

$9,100 (2012 est.)

$8,500 (2011 est.) $7,800 (2010 est.)

$6,800 (2009 est.)

$6,200 (2008 est.)Note the high rate of growth in income since

2008!
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eashttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eashttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eashttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eas


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Increase in Chinese Wages

Wage Rises in China May Ease

Slowdown

BEIJINGWages are still climbing

rapidly in China and many

companies are having trouble fillingjobs despite the sharp economic

slowdown hereevidence of a

structural shortage in the labor

market that may help China adjust

to slower growth without political

instability and whet consumer

appetites for foreign goods.

Source: Orlik, Tom and Bob Davi. Wage

Rises in China May Ease Slowdown. The

Wall Street Journal, 15 July 2012. Web. 8

February 2013.


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Chinese Currency manipulation

Starting in 1994, China began to explicitly peg

its currency, the yuan, to the dollar at a set,

low rate. No matter if the dollar rises or falls,

the Yuan remains in place with the dollar.

Note: Source for this and the next four slides is information

accessed January 31, 2011 from

http://www.americanmanufacturing.org/
http://www.americanmanufacturing.org/issues/china-cheats/how-china-cheats/http://www.americanmanufacturing.org/issues/china-cheats/how-china-cheats/http://www.americanmanufacturing.org/http://www.americanmanufacturing.org/http://www.americanmanufacturing.org/http://www.americanmanufacturing.org/http://www.americanmanufacturing.org/issues/china-cheats/how-china-cheats/http://www.americanmanufacturing.org/issues/china-cheats/how-china-cheats/


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Results of currency manipulation

And since the Chinese economy has been

growing faster than the U.S. economy, the

result is that the yuan has

remained significantly undervalued.

This makes Chinas exports to the U.S.

relatively cheaper than they should be and

also makes U.S. exports to China moreexpensive.


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What are the other effects of this

manipulation?

The main consequence is that a flood ofartificially cheap Chinese imports has drivenmany domestic U.S. manufacturers out of

business. In fact, the U.S. trade deficit with China has

risen from $30 billion in 1994 to as high as$268 billion in 2008. China's policy of currencymanipulation is intentional, and has helped itbecome the world's leading exporter.
http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/balance/c5700.htmlhttp://manufacturethis.org/?p=7211http://manufacturethis.org/?p=7211http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/balance/c5700.htmlhttp://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/balance/c5700.html


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Long Term effect of currency

manipulation

But along the way, it has also earned the ire of

the EU, Japan, and the WTO for continuing

what is essentially an illegal practice. As long

as China's currency remains significantlyundervalued, Beijing will continue to enjoy

sizeable exporting benefits. Unfortunately,

the repercussions of this are a growingdistortion in world markets
http://manufacturethis.org/?p=7211http://manufacturethis.org/?p=7211http://manufacturethis.org/?p=8674http://manufacturethis.org/?p=8674http://manufacturethis.org/?p=8674http://manufacturethis.org/?p=8674http://manufacturethis.org/?p=8674http://manufacturethis.org/?p=8674http://manufacturethis.org/?p=7211http://manufacturethis.org/?p=7211http://manufacturethis.org/?p=7211


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Quick recovery from the Great

Recession

In 2009, the global economic downturn

reduced foreign demand for Chinese exports

for the first time in many years, but China

rebounded quickly, outperforming all othermajor economies in 2010 with GDP growth

around 10%.


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Total Chinese Exports

$2.021 trillion (2012 est.)#1 country comparison to the world and #2 when compared with

the EU (European Union)



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Trade Imbalance Improving?

Long term inflation in China could lead to

fewer exports from China and more exports

for the USA.


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Economic Summary

China in 2012 stood as the second-largesteconomy in the world after the US. (China passedJapan in 2010 and Japan moved to the third-

largest economy.) Note: The EU is number one ifit is considered as one country.

China however, is still lower middle-income.

The dollar values of China's agricultural and

industrial output each exceeded those of the US,although China was second to the US in the valueof services it produced.


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Globalization/Economic Challenges

a) reducing its high domestic savings rate andcorrespondingly low domestic demand;

(b) sustaining adequate job growth for tens of millions ofmigrants and new entrants to the work force;

(c) reducing corruption and other economic crimes; and (d) containing environmental damage and social strife

related to the economy's rapid transformation.

(e) Economic development has progressed further incoastal provinces than in the interior, and approximately

200 million rural laborers and their dependents haverelocated to urban areas to find work.


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Population Challenge

One demographic consequence of the "one

child" policy is that China is now one of the

most rapidly aging countries in the world.

Another connection: China feeds 20% of the

worlds population with only 7% of the worlds

arable land.


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Environmental Challenges

air pollution (greenhouse gases, sulfur dioxideparticulates) from reliance on coal produces acid rain;

water shortages, particularly in the north;

water pollution from untreated wastes; deforestation; estimated loss of one-fifth of agricultural land since

1949 to soil erosion and economic development;

desertification;

trade in endangered species


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Renewable Energy Leader

The Chinese government is seeking to add

energy production capacity from sources

other than coal and oil, focusing on nuclear

and alternative energy development.

Leader in wind and solar technologies

Unfair government subsidies for renewable

energy technologies?


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Technology Comparison to USA

Telephone Land Lines 285.115 million (2011) More than any other country

Telephones - mobile cellular:

986.253 million (2011) More than any other country

Again, compare these figures to the total USA population of

about 312 million.
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html


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Internet users

389 million (2009)Number one among the worlds countries.
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eashttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eas


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Chinese Military

Military service age and obligation:

18-22 years of age for selective compulsory militaryservice, with 24-month service obligation; no minimumage for voluntary service (all officers are volunteers);18-19 years of age for women high school graduateswho meet requirements for specific military jobs; in2010, a decision was made to allow women in combatroles (2010)

Manpower available for military service: males age 16-49: 381,747,145

females age 16-49: 360,385,629 (2010 est.)
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eashttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eashttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eashttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eashttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eas


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Military expenditures

4.3% of GDP (2006) Country comparison to the world:22
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eashttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eashttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2034rank.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eas&rank=22https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2034rank.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eas&rank=22https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eashttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eas


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Military Concerns

China has flexed its military muscle

increasingly in the past few years

Of special concern to its ASEAN neighbors in

the South China Sea

Resource scarcity is a major concern


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Thoughts about China for this course

Chinese technology requires great investment ofresources which leads to pressure on the environment.

As the people of China earn more, they will desiremore Western technology, leading to more

environmental and social pressure. Unfair advantage of China in critical areas of

technological development, such as alternative energy.

Will social networking lead to the same kind of socialrevolution in China that is underway in Tunisia andEgypt?

How will China use technology to feed and providewater for its population?

china_pp_overview_1_spring 2013.ppt

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