CHARACTERISTICS OF VGI STAKEHOLDERSChristopher J. Parkerwww.UserGeneratedDesign.co.uk

OUTLINE

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1. Introduction2. Methodology3. Characteristics of

Stakeholders4. Conclusion5. Future Research

1 INTRODUCTION Need to understand Stakeholders to understand usability

(Gould, Lewis 1985, ISO 1998, Tulloch 2008) Who they are How do they interact What are their motivations User requirements

To better understand what VGI actually is (Elwood 2008, Crampton 2008, Livingstone 1992)

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2 METHODOLOGY

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15 respondents sourced from all stakeholder categories

Semi structured interviews In depth analysis with

NVivo 8 Analysed transcripts for 208

salient themes Compared stakeholder

groups against one another Creation of a Rich Picture

from results

2 DIFFERENT FORMS OF STAKEHOLDER (COOTE, RACKHAM 2008)

Consumers “A Person who make a decision to use a

product or service for personal use”

Special Interest Mapping Groups “Individuals who come together to

collaboratively achieve some shared mapping goal”

Local Communities “Local people who have a common desire to

protect and improve their local area”

Professionals “Stakeholders who are employed by

organisations that use geographic data to perform their business activities, whether to analyse, report, navigate or otherwise maintain systems.” 5

3 Usability Profiles:Need to understand Stakeholders to understand usability (Gould, Lewis 1985, ISO 1998, Tulloch 2008)

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Usability Profiles:CONSUMERS

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Desire ‘completeness’ Chose product to

facilitate activities

Utilise end products of Traditional and Neogeographic projects

Apply personal requirements to all products

All have unique requirements and preferences

Usability Profiles:SPECIAL INTEREST MAPPING GROUPS

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Enjoy freedom with data

Producing something unique to their product

‘communist’ organisation in all members have the same voice

Work towards a greater goal AND own goals in projects

Like benefiting others Strong bias towards their map

product.

Usability Profiles:COMMUNITIES

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Enjoy freedom Utilise their projects

map Community focused

Co-operate any agencies to achieve their goals

No express product development for externals

Usability Profiles:PROFESSIONALS

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Need data sets to be ‘complete’ across their entire work area.

Motivation of using data is increasing business position

Either VGI focused or PGI focused

Both groups affected by external influences

VGI offers a ‘mind of the user’

4 CONCLUSION There are salient differences between stakeholder

groups' perceptions

VGI has a great potential to add value when it fills holes in ‘proprietary maps’

People have an emotional connection with helping others through contribution (e.g. Haiti Map) and sharing experiences

Important aspects for stakeholder usability extends beyond ‘does it do X and Y’ and into ‘human factors’

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5 FUTURE RESEARCH

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2 further studies in my PhD focusing on the consumer use of VGI Differences between perceptions of VGI

and PGI as concepts What is the added value to ‘professional

generated information’ by including VGI? Further illustrate the strengths and

weakness in VGI and PGI

www.UserGeneratedDesign.co.uk13

REFERENCESCOOTE, A. and RACKHAM, L., 2008. Neogeography Data Quality - is it an

issue? AGI Geocommunity '08, 23-25 September 2008 2008, Association for Geographic Information (AGI).

CRAMPTON, J.W., 2008. Cartography: maps 2.0. Progress in human geography, 33(1), 91-100.

ELWOOD, S., 2008. Geographic Information Science: new geovisualisation technologies emerging questions and linkages with GIScience research. Progress in human geography, 33(2), 256-263.

GOULD, J.D. and LEWIS, C., 1985. Designing for usability: key principles and what designers think. Communications of the ACM, 28(3), 300-311.

ISO, 1998. ISO 9241-11:1998. Ergonomic requirements for offce work with visual display terminals (VDT)s - Part 11 Guidence on usability. ISO edn. ISO.

LIVINGSTONE, D.N., 1992. In defence of situated messiness: geographical knowledge and the history of science. GeoJournal, 26(2), 228-229.

TULLOCH, D.L., 2008. Is VGI participation? From vernal pools to video games. GeoJournal, 72, 161-171. 14