chapter one anatomy and physiology study guide jay bailey [email protected]
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter OneChapter One
Organization and general
plan of the body
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Anatomy is?
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The study of the body structure
Physiology is?
The study of how the body functions
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Pathophysiology is?
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The study of disorders of functioning
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The body is organized in structural and functional levels of increasing
complexity.
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Name the four levels of organization.
Chemicals, Cells, Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems
“Levels of Organization”
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Name the two major categories of chemicals.
Inorganic and Organic
“Levels of Organization”
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Chemicals that are simple molecules of one or two elements
(other than carbon) are called?
Inorganic
Chemicals that are very complex (and contain carbon and
hydrogen) are called?
Organic
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Cells are the largest living units of structure and
function. True or False
False : Cells are the smallest living units of structure and
function.
“Cells”
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A tissue is a group of cells
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How many groups of tissues are there?
Four
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What are the four groups of tissues?
Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nerve
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Epithelial Tissues do what?
Cover or line body surfaces
Connective tissues do what?
Connect and support parts of the body
Muscle Tissues do what?
Contraction, and movement
Nerve tissues do what?
Generate and transmit electrochemical impulses
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An organ is a group of tissues precisely arranged so as to accomplish
specific functions.
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Name four examples of an organ.
Kidneys, Liver, Lungs, and Stomach
“Organs”
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An organ system is a group of organs that all contribute to a particular
function.
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Name three examples of an organ system.
Urinary, Digestive, Respiratory
“Organ systems”
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Terms and Definitions
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Axillary Armpit
“Body Parts and Areas”
Brachial Upper Arm
Buccal (Oral) Mouth
Cardiac Heart
Cervical Neck
Cranial Head
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Cutaneous Skin
“Body Parts and Areas”
Deltoid Shoulder
Femoral Thigh
Frontal Forehead
Gastric Stomach
Gluteal Buttocks
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Hepatic Liver
“Body Parts and Areas”
Iliac Hip
Inguinal Groin
Lumbar Small of back
Mammary Breast
Nasal Nose
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Occipital Back of head
“Body Parts and Areas”
Orbital Eye
Parietal Crown of head
Patellar Kneecap
Pectoral Chest
Perineal Pelvic Floor
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Plantar Sole of foot
“Body Parts and Areas”
Popliteal Back of knee
Pulmonary Lungs
Renal Kidney
Sacral Base of spine
Temporal Side of head
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Umbilical Navel
“Body Parts and Areas”
Volar (palmar) Palm
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When describing relative locations, the body is
always assumed to be in the ________ position.anatomic
“Terms of location and position”
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Name the two major cavities.
Dorsal (posterior)and
Ventral (anterior)
“Body Cavities and their Membranes”
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Dorsal Cavity
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The Dorsal cavity contains the central nervous system and consist of what two cavities?
Cranial and Spinal
“Body Cavities and their Membranes”
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Dorsal Cavity
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The cranial cavity is formed by the _______ and contains the
_______ .skull
“Body Cavities and their Membranes”
brain
The spinal cavity is formed by the _____________ and contains the
____________ .Backbone (spine)
Spinal cord
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Dorsal Cavity
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The membranes that line these cavities and cover the brain and
spinal cord are called the ___________.meninges
“Body Cavities and their Membranes”
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Ventral Cavity
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The ventral cavity consist of what two compartments?
Thoracic and Abdominal (separated by the diaphragm)
“Body Cavities and their Membranes”
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Ventral Cavity
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Organs in the thoracic cavity include the _______ and ______,
and the membranes of the thoracic cavity are serous
membranes called the _______ membranes.
heart
“Body Cavities and their Membranes”
lungs
pleural
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Ventral Cavity
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Organs in the abdominal cavity includes the ______, ________
and __________.liver
“Body Cavities and their Membranes”
stomachintestines
The membranes of the abdominal cavity are also serous membranes called the
____________ and ___________.
peritoneummesentery
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Ventral Cavity
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Within the pelvic cavity are the ________ bladder and ____________ organs.
urinaryreproductive
The pelvic cavity is inferior to the abdominal cavity.
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Superior Above, higher
“Terms of Location and Position”
Inferior Below, lower
Anterior Toward the front
Posterior Toward the back
Ventral Toward the front
Dorsal Toward the back
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Medial Toward the midline
“Terms of Location and Position”
Lateral Away from the midline
Internal Within, or interior to
External Outside, or exterior to
Superficial Toward the surface
Deep Within, or interior to
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Central The main part
“Terms of Location and Position”
Peripheral Extending from the main part
Proximal Closer to the origin
Distal Farther from the origin
Parietal Pertaining to the wall of a cavity
Visceral Pertaining to the organs within a cavity
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When internal anatomy is described, the body or an organ is often cut or sectioned in a specific way so as to
make particular structures easily visible.
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There are five sections (planes), name them.
Frontal (or Coronal)Sagittal
TransverseCross
Longitudinal
“Planes and Sections”
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Frontal Separates front & back parts
Sagittal Separates right & left parts
Transverse Separates upper & lower parts
Cross A section perpendicular to the long axis
Longitudinal A section along the long axis
“Planes and Sections”
Give definitions for the five listed sections below:
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Umbilical
Hypochondriac
Epigastric
Hypogastric
lliac
Lumbar
Pick area before clicking, one at a time.
“Areas of the Abdomen”
The abdomen is a large area of the lower trunk of the body
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