chapter 4 notes - psychology

What Happens When We Sleep?

Psychoactive Drugs

What Happens

When We Sleep? Hypnosis

Psychoactive

Drugs

Sleep Ensures Health

• Sleep restores your body tissues and

facilitates body growth

• Sleep increases immunity to disease

• Sleep keeps your mind alert

• Sleep helps learning and memory

• Sleep enhances your mood

– Can you learn while you sleep? What are

some things you do to encode information?

What Happens


Psychoactive

Drugs

1-15

Days

3-5

Months

6-23

Months

2-3

Years

3-5

Years

5-9

Years

10-13

Years

14-18

Years

19-30

Years

33-45

Years

50

Years

90

Years

Waking

Non-REM Sleep

REM Sleep

Total Daily Sleep

What Happens


Psychoactive

Drugs

12

3 9

6

What Happens


Psychoactive

Drugs

What Happens


Psychoactive

Drugs

Visiting Team

Flies East

Wins 37% of Games Visiting Team

Flies West

Wins 44% of Games

What Happens


Psychoactive

Drugs

Stage 1 Sleep Theta Waves Prominent

Theta Waves

Stage 2 Sleep Sleep Spindles and Mixed EEG Activity

Sleep Spindle

Slow-wave Sleep (Stage 3 and Stage 4 Sleep) Progressively More Delta Waves (Stage 4 Shown)

What Happens


Psychoactive

Drugs

Time

Wakefulness

Stage1

Stage 2

Stage 3

Stage 4

REM

What Happens


Psychoactive

Drugs

REM

• As the night progresses, we spend less

time in slow-wave sleep and more in REM

• Active stage but body becomes relaxed

• Dreams are most easily recalled

• Why do we have REM?

– Memory processing?

– Better concentration?

– REM Rebound

Time

Wakefulness

Stage1

Stage 2

Stage 3

Stage 4

REM

Dreams

What Happens


Psychoactive

Drugs

We dream about what we know

• Freud: dreams allow us to express fears and

sexual and aggressive drives without censorship

• Continuity theory: dreams cope with daily

problems

• Memory theory: dreams consolidate information

• TST: experience threatening situations so that

we rehearse our responses

• Activation-synthesis: neural impulses integrate

familiar images and stories

What Happens


Psychoactive

Drugs

Which of the following is not characteristic of

REM sleep?

A. Rapid Eye Movements

B. Paralysis of Body musculature

C. Shortening periods as the night

progresses

D. Increased heart rate

Hypnosis Psychoactive

Drugs

What Happens

When We Sleep?

Caffeine Alcohol Cigarettes Marijuana Cocaine Heroin

100

Drug Use Ages 12 and Over in 2008

0

20

40

60

80

85% 82.3%

51.6%

65.1%

28.4%

41%

6.1%

14.7%

0.7% 1.5% 0.2%

Currently Uses Drugs Ever Used Drugs

100%

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ub_a2t0

ZfTs


Drugs

What Happens

When We Sleep?

White Black or

African

American

American

Indian or

Alaska

Native

Native

Hawaiian

or other

Pacific

Islander

Asian Two or

more races

25

Ethnic Group

0

5

10

15

20

16.9%

19.5%

13.3%

7.4%

21.2%

12.3%

14.4%

Pe

rce

nt

Usin

g In

Pa

st

Ye

ar

Hispanic

or Latino


Drugs

What Happens

When We Sleep?


Drugs

What Happens

When We Sleep?

.02-.03 Slight euphoria and loss of shyness; light-headedness.

Depressant effects of alcohol are not yet apparent.

Typical Effects BAC

.04-.06 Feelings of well-being, relaxation, and lowered inhibitions;

minor impairment of reasoning and memory; lowered alertness.

.07-.09 Feelings of well-being; slight impairment of balance, speech, vision,

reaction time, and hearing; reduced judgment and self-control;

impaired reasoning and memory.

.10-.125 Significant impairment of motor coordination; loss of judgment;

slowed thinking; slurred speech; impairment of balance, vision,

reaction time, and hearing.

.13-.15 Gross motor impairment and lack of physical control; blurred vision

and major loss of balance; severely impaired judgment. Feelings of

well-being are reduced.

.16-.20 Anxiety, restlessness, sadness; nausea and vomiting; feeling dazed

and confused; blackouts.

.25 Severely impaired physical and mental abilities; increased risk

of injury by falls or accidents.

.30 Stupor; little comprehension of whereabouts; loss of consciousness. .35 Possible coma. .40+ Onset of coma; possible death due to respiratory arrest.


Drugs

What Happens

When We Sleep?

Narcotics


Drugs

What Happens

When We Sleep?

Narcotics

(Opiates)

High

Risk of Physical

Dependence

High

Risk of Psychological

Dependence

High

Fatal Overdose

Potential

Drugs


Drugs

What Happens

When We Sleep?

Amphetamines

Cocaine


Drugs

What Happens

When We Sleep?

Stimulants Moderate

Risk of Physical

Dependence

High

Risk of Psychological

Dependence

Moderate to High

Fatal Overdose

Potential

Drugs


Drugs

What Happens

When We Sleep?


Drugs

What Happens

When We Sleep?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oeF6rFN

9org

Examples of Dream Theory

Homework Answers

Freud

• Manifest content: walking down a dark

hallway; repeatedly stumbling and

dropping keys; riding a flying telephone

pole

• Latent content: fear of getting lost or fear

of darkness

• Sexual frustrations

Continuity

• In real life, she constantly trips and looses

her keys

Memory

• She actually dropped her keys today

• She actually tripped over an object or her

own feet today

• Witnessed an accident where someone

ran into a telephone pole

Threat Simulation

• Being chased by an attacker or robber on

the way to your car

Activation-synthesis

• Aroused brain picked familiar images

• Takes the subway everyday

• Clumsiness

chapter 4 notes - psychology

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