©john wiley & sons, inc. 2005 huffman: living psychology living psychology by karen huffman...
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©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology
Living Psychologyby
Karen Huffman with Gary Piggrem
PowerPoint Lecture Notes Presentation
Chapter 15: Living Psychology in a Global Economy
Judith Phillips, Palomar College
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology
Lecture Overview
Communication Leadership Persuasion Conflict Living Psychology- Improving
Communication and Coping With Conflict
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology
Communication: Module 15.1
Communication: interdependent process of sending, receiving and understanding messages;
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology
The Communication process 7 important elements exist in all
forms of communication: 1. The sender (who initiates the
message) and the receiver (for whom the message is targeted);
2. The message,3. Encoding- what the sender does;4. Decoding- what the receiver does;5. Channels- the means by which the
message is communicated;
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology
Channels of information flow in 3 different directions:
6. Noise- stimuli that interfere,
7. Context- the environmental conditions surrounding the communication.
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology
Non Verbal Communication:
the process of sending and receiving messages through means other than words;
• Includes:– Kinesics (gestures and body language); – Proxemics (physical and personal
space);– Paralanguage (how words are spoken);
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology
Leadership: Module 15.2
Leadership: using interpersonal influence to inspire or persuade others to support the goals and perform the tasks desired by the leader.
• 3 major leadership styles: trait, situational, functional;
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology
1. Trait perspective- leadership results from specific inherited personality traits;
• These trait include- – Drive, honesty and integrity;– Expertise and leadership motivation;– Flexibility (single most important
trait);
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology
• Charismatic leaders possess a compelling vision that transforms followers’ beliefs, values & goals;
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology
2. Situational perspective: the environment (both time in history and needs of followers) produces the leader;
• 3 major styles found:– Autocratic leader- makes all major
decisions, assigns task to followers and demands full obedience;
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology
– Democratic leader- encourages group discussion and group decision making;
– Laissez-faire leader- minimally involved with decision making & encourages workers to make their own decisions and manage themselves;
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology
3. Functional perspective- emphasizes the behaviors that leaders exhibit which contribute to the group’s functioning;
• 2 types:– Task-oriented leader- helps a group
complete a task or reach a goal;– Relationship-oriented leader- helps
maintain group morale, satisfaction and motivation;
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology
Persuasion: Module 15.3
Persuasion: communication intended to change attitudes;
• 4 major elements of persuasion-– Who- the source in communication; – What- the communication message;– To Whom- the audience;– How- the channels and methods;
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology
Several important elements of how:• repeated exposure• classical conditioning• foot in the door technique• the door in the face- beginning with a
very large request followed by a smaller request;
• low balling- getting someone to commit to an attractive proposal before revealing hidden costs;
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology
• bait & switch: offering an attractive proposal, then making it unavailable or unappealing and offering a more expensive alternative;
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology
Conflict: Module 15.4
Conflict: having to choose between 2 or more competing goals;
Can be: • dysfunctional (destructive) or
functional (constructive); • intrapersonal or interpersonal; – 2 major types of interpersonal conflict
are substantive (deals with goals or means) or emotional (between individuals);
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology
Living Psychology- Improving Communication and Coping With Conflict: Module 15.5
Improving communication skills by overcoming 6 barriers that block communication:
1. Physical distractions such as music and sounds;
2. Perceptual set- readiness to perceive, based on expectations;
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology
3. Semantics- poor choice of words, use of emotionally charged words, and inappropriate use of technical jargon;
4. Mixed messages;5. Status differences between
communicating individuals;6. Communication overload;
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology
Communication skills and strategies for better communication:
• Know your audience;• Use active and empathic listening;• Ask for feedback;
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology
Conflict Resolution Skills
5 main approaches:• Avoidance- pretending a conflict
doesn’t exist;• Accommodation- focusing on areas
of agreement;• Compromising,• Authoritative command- an outside
authority imposes a solution;