Chapter 3Chapter 3 States of Matter States of Matter

Everything that has mass and Everything that has mass and volume is called matter.volume is called matter.

3.1 3.1 Solid, Liquid and Gas

View video

All matter, regardless of state, undergoes physical and chemical changes.

These changes can be microscopic or macroscopic.

What type of change does What type of change does matter undergo?matter undergo?

LiquidLiquid

A liquid will take the shape of A liquid will take the shape of whatever container it is in. whatever container it is in.

MOLECULES are close together but MOLECULES are close together but they flow past one another.they flow past one another.

Molecules ARE IN motion.Molecules ARE IN motion.

SolidSolid

MOLECULES have a strong bond MOLECULES have a strong bond (attraction) between them. (attraction) between them.

Solids are usually hard because their Solids are usually hard because their molecules have been tightly packed molecules have been tightly packed together. Hold their shape.together. Hold their shape.

Molecules ARE IN motion.Molecules ARE IN motion.

Gas Gas

Gas is everywhere in Gas is everywhere in randomrandom groups groups of atoms. of atoms.

Gases can fill a container of any size Gases can fill a container of any size or shape. or shape. Liquids can only fill the Liquids can only fill the bottom of the container while gases bottom of the container while gases can fill it entirelycan fill it entirely. .

Molecules ARE IN motion.Molecules ARE IN motion.

PlasmaPlasma

99% of all matter in the universe is 99% of all matter in the universe is made of plasma.made of plasma.

A plasma is an ionized gas.A plasma is an ionized gas. A plasma is a very good conductor of A plasma is a very good conductor of

electricity and is affected by electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.magnetic fields.

Plasma, like gases have an indefinite Plasma, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. shape and an indefinite volume.

Plasma ParticlesPlasma Particles

The negatively The negatively charged electrons charged electrons (yellow) are freely (yellow) are freely streaming through streaming through the positively the positively charged ions charged ions (blue).(blue).

Neon Lights

Lightening

Northern Lights

Fluorescent Tube

More Plasma!More Plasma!

 

Change in State GraphChange in State Graph

Change phase video clip

Kinetic TheoryKinetic TheoryThe molecules are in The molecules are in constant, constant,

random motionrandom motion and frequently collide and frequently collide with each other and with the walls of with each other and with the walls of any container.any container.

Basis of Classification of the Basis of Classification of the Four TypesFour Types

Based upon particle arrangementBased upon particle arrangement Based upon energy of particlesBased upon energy of particles Based upon distance between particlesBased upon distance between particles

If you can understand this concept, then If you can understand this concept, then you are in great shape!!you are in great shape!!

3.3 Phase Changes3.3 Phase Changes

Phase ChangePhase ChangeAA reversible reversible physical physical

change that occurs when a change that occurs when a substance changes from substance changes from one state of matter to one state of matter to another.another.

CHANGESCHANGES

Water can change from one state Water can change from one state to another by adding or to another by adding or subtracting heat.subtracting heat.

A solid changes to a liquid when heat is added.

ENDOTHERMIC

A liquid changes A liquid changes to a solid when to a solid when you you take away take away heatheat, or it gets , or it gets colder.colder.

EXOTHERMICEXOTHERMIC

Look at distance of particles

 

Review - Phase ChangeReview - Phase Change

Notice as matter moves to the next phase Notice as matter moves to the next phase more energy is needed. energy is needed.

What do you predict must happen to go in What do you predict must happen to go in the other direction?the other direction?

Heat of FusionHeat of Fusion

DEFINITIONDEFINITIONAmount of heat Amount of heat energy which must energy which must be absorbed be absorbed or lost or lost to turn a solid into to turn a solid into a liquid. a liquid.

Another word for Another word for melting.melting.

EXAMPLEEXAMPLE

Heat of VaporizationHeat of Vaporization

DEFINITIONDEFINITIONThe amount of heat The amount of heat energy a liquid must energy a liquid must absorb to be absorb to be converted from a converted from a liquid to a gasliquid to a gas. .

The opposite of The opposite of condensationcondensation. .

EXAMPLEEXAMPLE

EvaporationEvaporation

DEFINITIONDEFINITION

The phase change The phase change of a substance of a substance from a from a liquidliquid to a to a gasgas at at temperatures temperatures below it’s boiling below it’s boiling point.point.

EXAMPLEEXAMPLE

CondensationCondensation

DEFINITIONDEFINITIONThe phase change The phase change of a substance of a substance from a from a gasgas or or vapor to a vapor to a liquidliquid. .

EXAMPLEEXAMPLE

Sublimation Sublimation

DEFINITIONDEFINITIONThe phase change The phase change of state from a of state from a solidsolid to to gasgas or or vapor.vapor.

Note: It skips the Note: It skips the liquid stage.liquid stage.

EXAMPLEEXAMPLE

DepositionDeposition

DEFINITIONDEFINITIONThe phase change The phase change of state from a of state from a gasgas or vapor to or vapor to solidsolid..

Note: It skips the Note: It skips the liquid stage.liquid stage.

EXAMPLEEXAMPLE

Upcoming Quiz!!!Upcoming Quiz!!!

You will be given a blank You will be given a blank piece of paper to draw…..piece of paper to draw…..

Calories are a form of energy

Why is there a flat line on the graph where the phase change occurs?

Notice the force between particles.

Key Concept!!!!!Key Concept!!!!!

Description of Phase Change

Term for Phase Change

Heat Movement During Phase Change

Temperature Change During Phase Change

Solid to liquid MeltingHeat goes into the solid as it melts. None

Liquid to solid FreezingHeat leaves the liquid as it freezes. None

Liquid to gasVaporization, which includes boiling and evaporation

Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes.

None

Gas to liquid CondensationHeat leaves the gas as it condenses. None

Solid to gas SublimationHeat goes into the solid as it sublimates.

None

This is the End This is the End of Today’s Lectureof Today’s Lecture

Identify the colored arrows