pure substances mixtures. everything that has mass and volume is called matter
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Pure SubstancesMixtures
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Everything that has mass and volume is called matter.
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• Fixed composition
• Cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical methods (physical changes)
• Can only be changed in identity and properties by chemical methods
• Properties do not vary
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Compounds
• Can be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical changes, always in a definite ratio
Elements
• Cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical changes
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• Variable composition• Components retain their characteristic
properties• May be separated into pure substances by
physical methods• Mixtures of different compositions may have
widely different properties
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Homogenous mixtures look the same throughout but can be separated by physical means (dissolution, centrifuge, chromatography, osmosis etc.).
Examples: milk, yogurt
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• Have the same composition throughout• Components are indistinguishable
Examples: alloys, milk, pop, air.
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Heterogeneous mixtures are composed of large pieces that are easily separated by physical means (ie. density, polarity, metallic properties).
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• Do not have same composition throughout
• Components are distinguishable
Examples: fruit salad, vegetable soup, etc.
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Classification of MatterSolutions are homogeneous mixtures
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LiquidsMaterial Density (gm cm-3)
Water at 4 C 1.0000Water at 20 C 0.998
Gasoline 0.70Mercury 13.6
Milk 1.03Solids
Material Density (gm cm-3) Magnesium 1.7Aluminum 2.7
Copper 8.3-9.0Gold 19.3Iron 7.8Lead 11.3
Platinum 21.4Uranium 18.7Osmium 22.5Ice at 0 C 0.92
Gases at STP Material Density (gm cm-3)
Air 0.001293Carbon dioxide 0.001977
Carbon monoxide 0.00125Hydrogen 0.00009
Helium 0.000178Nitrogen 0.001251