Chapter 3: Migration

The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography

Migration

• A type of mobility– Migration: permanent move to a new location– Migration = relocation diffusion

• Emigration

• Immigration

• Circulation

Why Do People Migrate?

• Reasons for migration– Push and pull factors

• Economic factors• Cultural factors

– Forced migration– Political factors

• Environmental factors• Intervening obstacles

– Historically: environmental– Technology: limited

obstacles

Why Do People Migrate?

• Distance of migration– Internal migration

• 2 types:– Interregional

migration = one region to another

– Intraregional migration = within a region

Figure 3-5

Why Do People Migrate?

• Distance of migration– International

migration• 2 types:

– Voluntary– Forced

• Migration transition– International migration

is most common in countries in stage 2 of the demographic transition

Why Do People Migrate?

• Characteristics of migrants– Most long-distance

migrants are• Male• Adults• Individuals

– Families with children are less common

Where Are Migrants Distributed?• Global migration patterns

– Net out-migration: Asia, Africa, Latin America– Net in-migration: North America, Europe, Oceania

Figure 3-7

Why Do Migrants Face Obstacles?• Immigration policies

of host countries– U.S. quota laws– Temporary migration

for work

• Cultural problems faced while living in host countries– U.S. attitudes towards

immigrants– Attitudes toward guest workers

Why Do People Migrate Within a Country?

• Migration between regions of a country– U.S. settlement patterns

• Colonial settlement• Settlement in the interior• California• Great Plains settlement• Recent growth of

the South

Figure 3-17

Why Do People Migrate Within a Country?

• Intraregional migration in the U.S.– Rural to urban areas

• Economic migration

– Urban to suburban areas

• Lifestyle

– Urban to rural areas• Counterurbanization• Lifestyle

Figure 3-21

The End.