chapter 2 the english colonies. section 1-the southern colonies -pg 36 1.tell about jamestown (2)...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 2
The English Colonies
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Section 1-The Southern Colonies -pg 36
1. Tell about
Jamestown(2)
• Formed by an English joint-stock company called the London Company
• Founded in present-day Virginia on April 26, 1607
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2. Tell how John Smith helped Jamestown to survive (3)
• Men of Jamestown lacked farming & useful skills to survive
• Jamestown located on a marsh full of disease-carrying mosquitoes
• Smith forced settlers to work & to build better housing
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3. How did Powhatan
Confederacy help
Jamestown?(3)
• Powhatan led by Wahunsonacock, father of Pocahontas
• Brought food to Jamestown
• Taught them to grow corn
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4. Explainheadright
system (2)
• English colonists who paid their own way to Virginia received 50 acres of land
• An additional 50 acres could be earned for every additional person brought from England
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5. Tell about indentured servants (1)
• English colonists who received a free trip to North America by agreeing to work without pay for a period of seven years
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6. Tell about Bacon’s Rebellion (2)
• Nathaniel Bacon led Jamestown colonists against governor of Jamestown due to his not taking care of problems with some Native Americans
• Bacon burned Jamestown
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7. Tell about Maryland
(2)
• England’s Catholics came to America to escape religious persecution
• George Calvert received a charter to start a new colony, Maryland, for Catholics
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8. Tell about Toleration Act of 1649
(2)
• The growing number of Protestants moving to Maryland began to have religious conflicts with the Catholics
• Toleration Act made it a crime to restrict religious rights of Christians—1st law passed in colonies to support religious tolerance
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9. Tell about North Carolina
(2)
• Carolina started as one colony, but was later separated into North and South Carolina
• Most North Carolina colonists were just small farmers
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10.Tell about South Carolina (1)
(1)
• Made up of colonists who could afford their own way to America, were given large sums of land, & often brought over African slaves
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11. Tell about Georgia (2)
• Olgethorpe was granted a charter to start Georgia
• Georgia was:
1--to shield rest of
British colonies from
Spanish Florida
2--a place for jailed
English debtors to
make a new start
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12.? are cash crops?
(2)
• Southern colony crops sold for profit such as tobacco, rice, & indigo
• South enjoyed long growing season due to warm climate
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13. How did the South deal with the large work force that was needed to grow cash crops? (1)
• Enslaved Africans
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14. Tell about Olaudah Equiano
• Former slave who recorded his brutal experiences as a slave
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15. ? were the slave codes? (3)
• Southern colony laws to control slaves
• Colonists afraid slaves would revolt
• Slaves could not hold meetings or own weapons
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Go over Interactive pages
Study for Chapter 2, Section 1 quiz for tomorrow
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Section 2-The New England Colonies -pg 42
1. Who were the
Puritans?(2)
• Protestant group that wanted to purify, or reform, Anglican Church
• Thought bishops & priests had too much power over church members
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2. Who were the Pilgrims?
(3)
• Separatist group that left England to escape persecution
• Moved to Netherlands then later to America on the Mayflower in 1620 as a joint stock company
• They were immigrants
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3. ? are immigrants?
(1)
• People who have left the country of their birth to live in another country
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4. ? was Mayflower Compact?
(3)
• Pilgrims landed north of their granted charter at Plymouth Rock
• Decide to establish their own laws
• Legal contract in which they agreed to have fair laws to protect the general good
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5. Who were Samoset & Squanto
(2)
• Indians who helped the Pilgrims
• Squanto taught Pilgrims to fertilize using fish remains & establish relations with local Indians
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6. ? was the Great Migration?
(16)
• Due to England’s economic, political, & religious problems, thousands of English left England for English colonies
• Massachusetts Bay Company formed
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7. Tell about
Massachusetts
Bay Company(3)
• Charter given to Puritans to settle New England
• Led by John Winthrop
• Believed they had a covenant or promise with God to build an ideal Christian community
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8. Which New England Puritan colony did Thomas Hooker start?
(2)
• Connecticut
• Allowed men who were not church members to vote
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9. ? Puritan colony did Roger Williams form? (2)
• Providence that later became Rhode Island
• Supported the separation of church from state in making laws
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10. Who was
Anne
Hutchinson?(5)
• Considered a radical for speaking publicly about her religious ideas
• Felt people’s relationship with God did not need guidance from ministers
• Put on trial for her ideas
• Forced from colony
• Helped found Portsmouth which later became part of Rhode Island
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11. Since the New England soil & weather was not good for farming, ? was their economy dependent upon? (4)
• Merchant trade
• Fishing
• Shipbuilding
• Skilled craftspeople
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12. Why was education important in New England?
(2)
• Parents wanted their children to be able to read the Bible
• To be sure future generations would have educated ministers
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Go over Interactive pages
Study for Chapter 2, Section 2 quiz for tomorrow
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Section 3-The Middle Colonies -pg 49
1. Tell about
New
Netherland(4)
• Founded by Dutch
• New Amersterdam, a town, became the fur trading post of New Netherland
• Generous land grants & religious tolerance
• Led by Peter Stuyvesant
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2. How did New York City come about? (2)
• English fleet captured New Amsterdam without a fight
• New Amsterdam renamed New York City
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3. Tell about Quakers (4)
• Aka Society of Friends
• Made up one of largest religious groups in New Jersey
• Did not follow formal religious practices & dressed plainly
• Believed in equality of men & women, nonviolence, & religious tolerance for all
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4. Tell about William Penn (1)
• A Quaker who founded a safe home or colony, Pennsylvania, for Quakers, who were persecuted in both England & America
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5. ? kind of government did William Penn set up in Pennsylvania?
(1)
• Representative self-government--- a government that reflects its citizens’ will using an elected assembly
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6. Tell about staple crops in the Middle Colonies (1)
• Good climate & rich land allowed farmers to grow large amounts of crops that are always needed such as wheat, barley, & oats
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7. Describe role of women throughout colonies (3)
• Ran farms & businesses: farms, clothing, grocery, bakery, drugstore
• Some practiced medicine, nursing, midwives
• Colonial laws limited women’s economic opportunities
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Go over Interactive pages
Study for Chapter 2, Section 3 quiz for tomorrow
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Section 4-Life in the English Colonies -pg 54
1. Who had ultimate authority over all of the colonies? (2)
• The English monarch
• A group of royal advisers called the Privy Council set English colonial policies
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2. Contrast royal vs proprietary colonies (2)
• Royal: English king or queen selected governor & council members
• Proprietary: proprietors chose all of these officials
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3. Explain assemblies
(1)
• Some colonies elected representatives to help make laws and set policy-----these officials served on assemblies
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4. Explain Virginia’s colonial legislature
(2)
• Made up of 2 houses:
---1st house known as the Council of State selected by governor & London Company
---2nd house known as House of Burgesses elected by colonists
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5. Explain the town meeting (2)
• Center of politics in New England colonies
• People talked about & decided on issues of local interest, such as paying for schools
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Different Forms of Colonial Government• Monarch ****** ultimate authority over all
English colonies• Privy Council ***royal advisors; set English
colonial policies• Governors ***appointed by crown, or
proprietors, or elected by people
• Assemblies ***elected representatives• Town Meetings ***center of New England
politics• Courts ****provided control over local
affairs;protected individual freedoms
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6. Tell about English Bill of Rights (2)
• Parliament replaced the unpopular King James during the Glorious Revolution
• Parliament then passed this act/law that reduced the powers of the English monarch giving Parliament more power
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7. Explain mercantilism
(2)
• System of creating & maintaining wealth through carefully controlled trade
• One of England’s main reasons for controlling the colonies was to earn money from trade
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8. How did England plan to control trade over the colonies? (1)
• Navigation Acts
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9. Explain the Navigation Acts (3)
• Forbid colonists from trading with any other country except England
• Colonists could only use English ships to transport goods
• All trade goods had to pass through English ports
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10. Explain triangular trade (1)
• System in which goods & slaves were traded among the Americas, Britain, & Africa
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11. Explain the Middle Passage (1)
• Name given to terrifying slave voyage & trade that brought millions of Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to America
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12. Explain Great Awakening
(3)
• Religious movement that swept through colonies in 1730’s-40’s
• Ministers held revival, emotional gatherings, for people to hear sermons
• Affected social & political life in colonies
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13. Who was Jonathan Edwards? (2)
• One of the most important leaders of the Great Awakening
• told sinners to seek forgiveness for their sins or face punishment in Hell forever
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14. Who was George Whitefield? (2)
• Great Awakening minister
• Emphasized personal religious experiences over official church rules
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15. Did the Great Awakening practice equality for all? (3)
• It drew people of different regions, classes, & races
• Women, minority groups, & the poor took part in services
• Ministers from different colonies shared ideas
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16. How did the Great Awakening affect future government?
(3)
• Sermons were about spiritual equality for all people leading colonists to begin demanding more political equality
• Revivals became popular places to talk about political & social issues
• Democratic ideas & systems were shared
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17. Explain the Enlightenment
(4)
• After Europe’s Scientific Revolution came the Enlightenment:
• 1--Idea that reason and logic could improve society & how government should work
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• 2—believed in a social contract between government & citizens
• 3—it was thought that people had natural rights such as equality & liberty
• 4—ideas of Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment influenced colonial leaders
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18. Tell about King Philip’s War (1)
• Wampanoag Indian leader, Metacomet, aka King Philip, was against colonists taking his people’s land which led to a war bx colonists & Indians
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19. Why did American Indians trust French more than the English? (1)
• French were less threatening & respected Indian way of life
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20. Explain French & Indian War
• Britain & France go to war for control of North America
• George Washington built Fort Necessity in Ohio Valley, but had to surrender to French starting French & Indian War
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21. Explain Treaty of Paris (3)
• Officially ended French & Indian War
• Terms of treaty gave Canada, land east of Mississippi, & Florida to Britain
• Colonists now began to move westward to new lands
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22. Explain Pontiac’s Rebellion (1)
• Chief Pontiac, an Indian leader, led attacks against colonists as they tried to settle on Indian land
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23. Explain Proclamation of 1763 (2)
• Britain feared more fighting with Indians if colonists continued to move westward
• King George III issued a law banning any British settlement west of Appalachian Mountains
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Go over Interactive pages
Study for Chapter 2, Section 4 quiz for tomorrow
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Section 5-Conflicts in the Colonies -pg 64
1. Why did Prime Minister George Grenville have Parliament pass the Sugar Act on the colonies? (2)
• Parliament had to pay for the French & Indian War
• Britain had to pay for the army in the colonies that was protecting the colonists from Indian attacks
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2. ? did the Sugar Act tax?
(1)
• Molasses & sugar imported by colonists
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3. ? was
“Taxation
without
Representation”?(3)
• Slogan in colonies
• Parliament upset colonists passing a tax without their consent
• Colonists had no direct representation in Parliament
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4. Tell about Samuel Adams (1)
• Founded the Committee of Correspondence for colonies to share ideas & information against Parliament
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5. Explain “boycott” (2)
• Method of protest in which colonists refuse to buy British goods
• Colonists hoped their boycott efforts would hurt British economy enough for Parliament to end new taxing
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6. Tell about Stamp Act
(2)
• Parliament under Prime Minister Grenville, required colonists to pay for an official stamp, or seal, when they bought paper items
• Colonists protested this tax
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7. Tell about Sons of Liberty (3)
• Sam Adams formed this secret society among colonists
• Sometimes used violence
• Organized as a result of discontent about Stamp Act
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8. Tell about Declaratory
Act that was not a tax (3)
• Colonists’ boycott of British goods was effective
• Parliament repealed Stamp Act
• Upset about the repeal, Parliament passed Declaratory Act to let colonies know Parliament had the power to make laws for the colonies “in all cases whatsoever”.
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9. Tell about Townshend Act (4)
• Another tax passed by Parliament
• Taxed glass, lead, paints, paper, & tea
• Colonists respond with another boycott
• Britain responds by sending soldiers to Boston
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10. Tell about Boston Massacre (3)
• March 5, 1770
• British soldiers fire into a taunting Boston crowd killing 3 colonists
• Propaganda used to build anger against British
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11. Tell about Tea Act (2)
• Parliament allows British East India Company to sell tea directly to colonists reducing price of tea
• Angers colonists because this allowed a company a monopoly on tea market
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12. Tell about
Boston Tea Party (3)
• 3 British tea ships arrive in Boston Harbor from British East India Company
• Sons of Liberty board & dump the tea into the harbor during the night
• Bostonians watch & cheer
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13. Tell about Intolerable Acts (2)
• New Prime Minister, Lord North, furious about Boston Tea Party
• Parliament punishes Boston by passing the Coercive Acts which the colonists refer to as the Intolerable Acts
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14. ? was included in the Coercive aka Intolerable Acts that increased colonial anger at Britain? (4)
• Boston Harbor closed until tea paid for
• Governor of Massachusetts would decide when legislature would meet
• Royal officials accused of any crimes would be tried in Britain
• Gen. Gage made new Mass. governor
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Study for Chapter 2, Section 5 quiz for tomorrow