starting the 13 english colonies chapter 3. early colonies have mixed success *main idea: two early...
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Early Colonies Have Mixed Success
*Main Idea: Two early English colonies failed, but Jamestown survived – partly through individual effort and hard work.
*Reasons English go went America:-lack of economic opportunity (jobs)-stories of gold mines/wealth-religious persecution (discrimination)**By having colonies in the Americas,
England hoped to increase its trade and build up its gold supply!
*Two Early Colonies Fail:1. Roanoke (Virginia)2. Sagadahoc (Maine)*failed b/c….. harsh winters, conflict
with Native Americans, food shortages, and arguments among colonists.
Jamestown (In honor of King James)
*Established? 1607*Importance? First permanent English
settlement in the Americas!The Jamestown Colony
*hardships? YES! Malaria, harsh winters, food shortage, looking for gold rather than building houses and growing food!
*Many colonists died, but Jamestown remained!
*By 1612, developed a high-grade tobacco popular in England.-Lucrative (profitable) business.
*1619 – first African Americans arrive in Jamestown.
Population boom!: 1619: 600 1621: > 2,000
*House of Burgesses: Created (1619) to provide more local control. Elected representatives met once a year in an assembly.
-Importance???? First representative assembly in the American colonies!!!!
*Conflict with Powhatan:-Relations intensified as more colonists
arrived and wanted land.-Uneasy peace!!-Colonists learned how to grow corn,
catch fish, and capture wild fowl.-Expanding tobacco plantations took over
more and more Powhatan land.*1622: Powhatan killed hundreds of
Jamestown’s residents in response!
Bacon’s Rebellion*When? 1676 *Where? Jamestown*Led by? Nathaniel Bacon
*Why? Landless frontier settlers upset about high taxes & wanted a war against Native Americans approved to seize their land for tobacco plantations.
*Governor refused!*What happened? Marched into
Jamestown, took control of House of Burgesses, burned town to the ground!
*Outcome? Failure and Success!!! How????
Failure: rebellion ended with Bacon’s death
Success: House of Burgesses passed laws preventing a royal governor from assuming such power again.
New England Colonies*Main Idea: Religion influenced the settlement
and government of the New England colonies.
The Pilgrims Religious group that called for a total break
from the Church of England – believed it was too much like the Catholic Church.
-Attacked and criticized for rejecting England’s official church.
-Settled in America to escape harsh treatment.-Nov. 1620, the Mayflower arrived at
Plymouth, Mass.
*Signed the Mayflower Compact! Pilgrims vowed to obey laws agreed upon for the good of the colony.
*Importance?? Helped establish the idea of self-government and majority rule!
Question: Do we still have this today????Plymouth colony*Thanks to Squanto and other Native
Americans, the Pilgrims learned to survive in their new environment.
The Puritans*Religious group
that left England to escape harsh treatment by King James I.
*Unlike Pilgrims, Puritans wanted to reform, or “purify” the practices of the Church of England.
New England Way*Basic unit: Congregation – a group of people
who belong to the same church.-Puritans gathered for town meetings, a form
of ______ - ___________ where people make laws & other decisions for the community.
*Elected representatives chose the governor.*By law: everyone had to attend church
services!-Provided instruction on the “New England
Way”*Emphasized duty, godliness, hard
work, and honesty.
*Believed amusements like dancing and playing games led to laziness!
-Believed God required them to work long and hard at their vocation!
*This work ethic contributed to the rapid growth & success of the New England colonies!!
*Laws required all children learn to read (Bible)
*1636 – Thomas Hooker moved his congregation to the Connecticut Valley.
*Wrote: Fundamental Order of Connecticut in 1639.
-These laws were a constitution!1. Extended voting rights to non-
church members2. Limited the power of the governor*Importance?? Expanded the idea of
representative government!!!
-Disagreed with the New England Way-Minister in Salem, Mass.-Founded the First Baptist church in
America-Opposed forced church attendance!-Opposed taking Native American lands by
force!-Forced out of his colony!*1636: founded the colony of Rhode Island-Guaranteed religious freedom and the
separation of church and state!
Anne Hutchinson
*Anne Hutchinson
*Believed a person could worship God without the help of a church, minister, or Bible.
*Conducted discussions in her home that challenged church authority.
*Brought to trial!*Forced to leave mass.*She fled to Rhode
Island!
Quakers*Challenged the congregation of the
Puritans*Believed you could know God through
“an inner light”*Ministers or Bible were not needed*Believed in treating Natives fairly –
set them apart from other colonists!*For these beliefs, they were whipped,
imprisoned, and hanged*Many left for Rhode Island.
King Philips War: Puritans Vs. WampanoagCause and Effect!
REASONS FOR CONFLICT*LAND OWNERSHIP
*RELIGION*INCREASED POP. OF EUROPEANS
Led to….King Philips War!!Native American Losses European Losses
*3,000 killed *600 settlers killed*King Philip *>45 villages attacked (Metacom killed) *12 villages destroyed*500 Natives enslaved *European expansion
into Native land