CHAPTER 14.1PEOPLES OF NORTH AMERICA AND

MESOAMERICA

Eastern

Woodlands

NORTH AMERICA – EASTERN WOODLANDS

~1000 BCE: agriculture begins, people still reliant on hunting & gathering

~700 CE: shift to full-time agriculture in the Mississippi River ValleyGrew corn, squash, beans

Cities appeared like Cahokia near modern-day St. Louis, IL>10,000 inhabitants

NORTH AMERICA – EASTERN WOODLANDS

Iroquois lived in villages composed of longhouses surrounded by wooden fences (modern-day NY, PA)

Iroquois grew crops but still hunted

Women farmed; men hunted

Different groups of Iroquois fought each other, nearly destroyed their own society

Deganawida and Hiawatha finally established the Great Peace and created the Iroquois League

The Iroquois League was made up of 5 groups of Iroquois50 leaders know as the Grand Council settled differences

Great

Plains

NORTH AMERICA – GREAT PLAINS

Plains Indians

Lived in the Great Plains

During summer, men left to hunt buffalo

Buffalo important to Plains cultureFoodTools from bonesSkins for clothingSkins for shelter (teepees)

Southwest

NORTH AMERICA - SOUTHWEST

Anasazi peoples had extensive agriculture

Canals and dams used to garden the desert

Built multi-storied structures out of stone and adobe called pueblos

Elaborate complexes housed thousands (most abandoned due to drought)

Pueblo Bonito in New Mexico

Mesa Verde in Colorado