chapter 124 - mhprofessionalresources.com · chapter 124 references 1. bronstein ac, ... 21. mordel...

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Chapter 124 REFERENCES 1. Bronstein AC, Spyker DA, Cantilena LR Jr, et al. 2008 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers’ National Poison Data System (NPDS): 26th Annual Report. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2009;47:911-1084. 2. Vanden Hoek TL, Morrison LJ, Shuster M, et al. Part 12: cardiac arrest in special situations: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2010;122:S829-S861. 3. Roy TM, Ossorio MA, Cipolla LM, et al. Pulmonary complica- tions after tricyclic antidepressant overdose. Chest. 1989;96: 852-856. 4. Marik PE. Aspiration pneumonitis and aspiration pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:665-671. 5. Ovsyshcher IE, Barold SS. Drug induced bradycardia: to pace or not to pace? Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2004;27:1144-1147. 6. Guidelines 2000 for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Part 8: advanced challenges in resuscitation: section 2: toxicology in ECC. The American Heart Association in collaboration with the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Circulation. 2000;102:I223-I228. 7. Chen JY, Liu PY, Chen JH, et al. Safety of transvenous tempo- rary cardiac pacing in patients with accidental digoxin overdose and symptomatic bradycardia. Cardiology. 2004;102:152-155. 8. Teba L, Schiebel F, Dedhia HV, et al. Beneficial effect of norepi- nephrine in the treatment of circulatory shock caused by tricy- clic antidepressant overdose. Am J Emerg Med. 1988;6:566-568. 9. Vernon DD, Banner W Jr, Garrett JS, et al. Efficacy of dopamine and norepinephrine for treatment of hemodynamic compro- mise in amitriptyline intoxication. Crit Care Med. 1991;19: 544-549. 10. Buchman AL, Dauer J, Geiderman J. The use of vasoac- tive agents in the treatment of refractory hypotension seen in tricyclic antidepressant overdose. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1990;10:409-413. 11. Rangel C, Shu RG, Lazar LD, et al. Beta-blockers for chest pain associated with recent cocaine use. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170:874-879. 12. Gupta AK, Greller HA, Hoffman RS. Beta-blockers and cocaine: still a bad idea. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170:1859-1860; author reply 60. 13. Hoffman RS, Goldfrank LR. The poisoned patient with altered consciousness. Controversies in the use of a ‘coma cocktail’. JAMA. 1995;274:562-569. 14. Hack JB, Hoffman RS. Thiamine before glucose to prevent Wernicke encephalopathy: examining the conventional wis- dom. JAMA. 1998;279:583-584. 15. Koguchi K, Nakatsuji Y, Abe K, et al. Wernicke’s encephalopathy after glucose infusion. Neurology. 2004;62:512. 16. Handal KA, Schauben JL, Salamone FR. Naloxone. Ann Emerg Med. 1983;12:438-445. 17. Robertson TM, Hendey GW, Stroh G, et al. Intranasal naloxone is a viable alternative to intravenous naloxone for prehospital narcotic overdose. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2009;13:512-515. 18. Mycyk MB, Szyszko AL, Aks SE. Nebulized naloxone gently and effectively reverses methadone intoxication. J Emerg Med. 2003;24:185-187. 19. Schwartz JA, Koenigsberg MD. Naloxone-induced pulmonary edema. Ann Emerg Med. 1987;16:1294-1296. 20. Longmire AW, Seger DL. Topics in clinical pharmacology: fluma- zenil, a benzodiazepine antagonist. Am J Med Sci. 1993;306:49-52. 21. Mordel A, Winkler E, Almog S, et al. Seizures after flumazenil administration in a case of combined benzodiazepine and tricy- clic antidepressant overdose. Crit Care Med. 1992;20:1733-1734. 22. Derlet RW, Albertson TE. Flumazenil induces seizures and death in mixed cocaine-diazepam intoxications. Ann Emerg Med. 1994;23:494-498. 23. Weinbroum A, Rudick V, Sorkine P, et al. Use of flumazenil in the treatment of drug overdose: a double-blind and open clini- cal study in 110 patients. Crit Care Med. 1996;24:199-206. 24. Barnett R, Grace M, Boothe P, et al. Flumazenil in drug over- dose: randomized, placebo-controlled study to assess cost effec- tiveness. Crit Care Med. 1999;27:78-81. 25. Hadad E, Weinbroum AA, Ben-Abraham R. Drug-induced hyperthermia and muscle rigidity: a practical approach. Eur J Emerg Med. 2003;10:149-154. 26. Strawn JR, Keck PE Jr, Caroff SN. Neuroleptic malignant syn- drome. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164:870-876. 27. Wright N. An assessment of the unreliability of the history given by self-poisoned patients. Clin Toxicol. 1980;16:381-384. 28. Meehan TJ, Bryant SM, Aks SE. Drugs of abuse: the highs and lows of altered mental states in the emergency department. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2010;28:663-682. 29. Erickson TB, Thompson TM, Lu JJ. The approach to the patient with an unknown overdose. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2007;25:249-281; abstract vii. Section11-O-Ref.indd 1 12/10/2014 8:08:23 PM

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Page 1: Chapter 124 - mhprofessionalresources.com · Chapter 124 REFERENCES 1. Bronstein AC, ... 21. Mordel A, Winkler E, Almog S ... Becker BN. Common poisoning and drug overdose. In: Jacobson

Chapter 124

REFERENCES

1. Bronstein AC, Spyker DA, Cantilena LR Jr, et al. 2008 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers’ National Poison Data System (NPDS): 26th Annual Report. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2009;47:911-1084.

2. Vanden Hoek TL, Morrison LJ, Shuster M, et al. Part 12: cardiac arrest in special situations: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2010;122:S829-S861.

3. Roy TM, Ossorio MA, Cipolla LM, et al. Pulmonary complica-tions after tricyclic antidepressant overdose. Chest. 1989;96: 852-856.

4. Marik PE. Aspiration pneumonitis and aspiration pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:665-671.

5. Ovsyshcher IE, Barold SS. Drug induced bradycardia: to pace or not to pace? Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2004;27:1144-1147.

6. Guidelines 2000 for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Part 8: advanced challenges in resuscitation: section 2: toxicology in ECC. The American Heart Association in collaboration with the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Circulation. 2000;102:I223-I228.

7. Chen JY, Liu PY, Chen JH, et al. Safety of transvenous tempo-rary cardiac pacing in patients with accidental digoxin overdose and symptomatic bradycardia. Cardiology. 2004;102:152-155.

8. Teba L, Schiebel F, Dedhia HV, et al. Beneficial effect of norepi-nephrine in the treatment of circulatory shock caused by tricy-clic antidepressant overdose. Am J Emerg Med. 1988;6:566-568.

9. Vernon DD, Banner W Jr, Garrett JS, et al. Efficacy of dopamine and norepinephrine for treatment of hemodynamic compro-mise in amitriptyline intoxication. Crit Care Med. 1991;19: 544-549.

10. Buchman AL, Dauer J, Geiderman J. The use of vasoac-tive agents in the treatment of refractory hypotension seen in tricyclic antidepressant overdose. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1990;10:409-413.

11. Rangel C, Shu RG, Lazar LD, et al. Beta-blockers for chest pain associated with recent cocaine use. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170:874-879.

12. Gupta AK, Greller HA, Hoffman RS. Beta-blockers and cocaine: still a bad idea. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170:1859-1860; author reply 60.

13. Hoffman RS, Goldfrank LR. The poisoned patient with altered consciousness. Controversies in the use of a ‘coma cocktail’. JAMA. 1995;274:562-569.

14. Hack JB, Hoffman RS. Thiamine before glucose to prevent Wernicke encephalopathy: examining the conventional wis-dom. JAMA. 1998;279:583-584.

15. Koguchi K, Nakatsuji Y, Abe K, et al. Wernicke’s encephalopathy after glucose infusion. Neurology. 2004;62:512.

16. Handal KA, Schauben JL, Salamone FR. Naloxone. Ann Emerg Med. 1983;12:438-445.

17. Robertson TM, Hendey GW, Stroh G, et al. Intranasal naloxone is a viable alternative to intravenous naloxone for prehospital narcotic overdose. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2009;13:512-515.

18. Mycyk MB, Szyszko AL, Aks SE. Nebulized naloxone gently and effectively reverses methadone intoxication. J Emerg Med. 2003;24:185-187.

19. Schwartz JA, Koenigsberg MD. Naloxone-induced pulmonary edema. Ann Emerg Med. 1987;16:1294-1296.

20. Longmire AW, Seger DL. Topics in clinical pharmacology: fluma-zenil, a benzodiazepine antagonist. Am J Med Sci. 1993;306:49-52.

21. Mordel A, Winkler E, Almog S, et al. Seizures after flumazenil administration in a case of combined benzodiazepine and tricy-clic antidepressant overdose. Crit Care Med. 1992;20:1733-1734.

22. Derlet RW, Albertson TE. Flumazenil induces seizures and death in mixed cocaine-diazepam intoxications. Ann Emerg Med. 1994;23:494-498.

23. Weinbroum A, Rudick V, Sorkine P, et al. Use of flumazenil in the treatment of drug overdose: a double-blind and open clini-cal study in 110 patients. Crit Care Med. 1996;24:199-206.

24. Barnett R, Grace M, Boothe P, et al. Flumazenil in drug over-dose: randomized, placebo-controlled study to assess cost effec-tiveness. Crit Care Med. 1999;27:78-81.

25. Hadad E, Weinbroum AA, Ben-Abraham R. Drug-induced hyperthermia and muscle rigidity: a practical approach. Eur J Emerg Med. 2003;10:149-154.

26. Strawn JR, Keck PE Jr, Caroff SN. Neuroleptic malignant syn-drome. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164:870-876.

27. Wright N. An assessment of the unreliability of the history given by self-poisoned patients. Clin Toxicol. 1980;16:381-384.

28. Meehan TJ, Bryant SM, Aks SE. Drugs of abuse: the highs and lows of altered mental states in the emergency department. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2010;28:663-682.

29. Erickson TB, Thompson TM, Lu JJ. The approach to the patient with an unknown overdose. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2007;25:249-281; abstract vii.

Section11-O-Ref.indd 1 12/10/2014 8:08:23 PM

Page 2: Chapter 124 - mhprofessionalresources.com · Chapter 124 REFERENCES 1. Bronstein AC, ... 21. Mordel A, Winkler E, Almog S ... Becker BN. Common poisoning and drug overdose. In: Jacobson

References2

30. Winter SD, Pearson JR, Gabow PA, et al. The fall of the serum anion gap. Arch Intern Med. 1990;150:311-313.

31. Oh MS, Carroll HJ. The anion gap. N Engl J Med. 1977;297: 814-817.

32. Gabow PA. Disorders associated with an altered anion gap. Kidney Int. 1985;27:472-483.

33. Gabow PA, Clay K, Sullivan JB, et al. Organic acids in ethylene glycol intoxication. Ann Intern Med. 1986;105:16-20.

34. Leatherman JW, Schmitz PG. Fever, hyperdynamic shock, and multiple-system organ failure. A pseudo-sepsis syndrome associated with chronic salicylate intoxication. Chest. 1991;100: 1391-1396.

35. Walker JA, Schwartzbard A, Krauss EA, et al. The missing gap. A pitfall in the diagnosis of alcohol intoxication by osmometry. Arch Intern Med. 1986;146:1843-1844.

36. Sweeney TE, Beuchat CA. Limitations of methods of osmom-etry: measuring the osmolality of biological fluids. Am J Physiol. 1993;264:R469-R480.

37. Glasser L, Sternglanz PD, Combie J, et al. Serum osmolality and its applicability to drug overdose. Am J Clin Pathol. 1973;60: 695-699.

38. Glaser DS. Utility of the serum osmol gap in the diagnosis of methanol or ethylene glycol ingestion. Ann Emerg Med. 1996;27:343-346.

39. Trummel J, Ford M, Austin P. Ingestion of an unknown alcohol. Ann Emerg Med. 1996;27:368-374.

40. Hoffman RS, Smilkstein MJ, Howland MA, et al. Osmol gaps revisited: normal values and limitations. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1993;31:81-93.

41. Mycyk MB, Aks SE. A visual schematic for clarifying the tem-poral relationship between the anion and osmol gaps in toxic alcohol poisoning. Am J Emerg Med. 2003;21:333-335.

42. Ammar KA, Heckerling PS. Ethylene glycol poisoning with a normal anion gap caused by concurrent ethanol ingestion: importance of the osmolal gap. Am J Kidney Dis. 1996;27: 130-133.

43. Schelling JR, Howard RL, Winter SD, et al. Increased osmolal gap in alcoholic ketoacidosis and lactic acidosis. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:580-582.

44. Sklar AH, Linas SL. The osmolal gap in renal failure. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:481-482.

45. Tillman DJ, Ruggles DL, Leikin JB. Radiopacity study of extended-release formulations using digitalized radiography. Am J Emerg Med. 1994;12:310-314.

46. Brett AS. Implications of discordance between clinical impres-sion and toxicology analysis in drug overdose. Arch Intern Med. 1988;148:437-441.

47. Kellermann AL, Fihn SD, LoGerfo JP, et al. Impact of drug screening in suspected overdose. Ann Emerg Med. 1987;16: 1206-1216.

48. Gibb K. Serum alcohol levels, toxicology screens, and use of the breath alcohol analyzer. Ann Emerg Med. 1986;15:349-353.

49. Mahoney JD, Gross PL, Stern TA, et al. Quantitative serum toxic screening in the management of suspected drug overdose. Am J Emerg Med. 1990;8:16-22.

50. Wigder HN, Erickson T, Morse T, et al. Emergency depart-ment poison advice telephone calls. Ann Emerg Med. 1995;25: 349-352.

51. Position paper: Ipecac syrup. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2004;42: 133-143.

52. Manoguerra AS, Cobaugh DJ. Guideline on the use of ipecac syrup in the out-of-hospital management of ingested poisons. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2005;43:1-10.

53. Vale JA, Kulig K. Position paper: gastric lavage. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2004;42:933-943.

54. Rudolph JP. Automated gastric lavage and a comparison of 0.9% normal saline solution and tap water irrigant. Ann Emerg Med. 1985;14:1156-1159.

55. Olson KR. Activated charcoal for acute poisoning: one toxicolo-gist’s journey. J Med Toxicol. 2010;6:190-198.

56. Eddleston M, Juszczak E, Buckley NA, et al. Multiple-dose acti-vated charcoal in acute self-poisoning: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;371:579-587.

57. Underhill TJ, Greene MK, Dove AF. A comparison of the effi-cacy of gastric lavage, ipecacuanha and activated charcoal in the emergency management of paracetamol overdose. Arch Emerg Med. 1990;7:148-154.

58. Spiller HA, Sawyer TS. Impact of activated charcoal after acute acetaminophen overdoses treated with N-acetylcysteine. J Emerg Med. 2007;33:141-144.

59. Jurgens G, Hoegberg LC, Graudal NA. The effect of activated charcoal on drug exposure in healthy volunteers: a meta- analysis. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2009;85:501-505.

60. Chyka PA, Seger D, Krenzelok EP, et al. Position paper: single-dose activated charcoal. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2005;43:61-87.

61. Greene S, Harris C, Singer J. Gastrointestinal decontamination of the poisoned patient. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2008;24:176-186; quiz 187-189.

62. Givens T, Holloway M, Wason S. Pulmonary aspiration of activated charcoal: a complication of its misuse in overdose management. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1992;8:137-140.

63. Elliott CG, Colby TV, Kelly TM, et al. Charcoal lung. Bronchiolitis obliterans after aspiration of activated charcoal. Chest. 1989;96:672-674.

64. Harris CR, Filandrinos D. Accidental administration of acti-vated charcoal into the lung: aspiration by proxy. Ann Emerg Med. 1993;22:1470-1473.

65. Menzies DG, Busuttil A, Prescott LF. Fatal pulmonary aspira-tion of oral activated charcoal. BMJ. 1988;297:459-460.

66. Bradberry SM, Vale JA. Multiple-dose activated charcoal: a review of relevant clinical studies. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1995;33:407-416.

67. Mokhlesi B, Leiken JB, Murray P, et al. Adult toxicology in critical care: part I: general approach to the intoxicated patient. Chest. 2003;123:577-592.

68. Position statement and practice guidelines on the use of multi-dose activated charcoal in the treatment of acute poi-soning. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology; European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1999;37:731-751.

69. Ilkhanipour K, Yealy DM, Krenzelok EP. The comparative effi-cacy of various multiple-dose activated charcoal regimens. Am J Emerg Med. 1992;10:298-300.

70. Keller RE, Schwab RA, Krenzelok EP. Contribution of sorbitol combined with activated charcoal in prevention of salicylate absorption. Ann Emerg Med. 1990;19:654-656.

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References 3

71. McNamara RM, Aaron CK, Gemborys M, et al. Sorbitol catharsis does not enhance efficacy of charcoal in a simulated acetaminophen overdose. Ann Emerg Med. 1988;17:243-246.

72. Barceloux D, McGuigan M, Hartigan-Go K. Position statement: cathartics. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology; European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1997;35:743-752.

73. Position paper: whole bowel irrigation. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2004;42:843-854.

74. Goldfrank LR, Flomenbaum N. Goldfrank’s Toxicologic Emergencies. 8th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, Medical Pub Division; 2006.

75. Proudfoot AT, Krenzelok EP, Vale JA. Position paper on urine alkalinization. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2004;42:1-26.

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78. Garella S. Extracorporeal techniques in the treatment of exog-enous intoxications. Kidney Int. 1988;33:735-754.

79. Pond SM. Diuresis, dialysis, and hemoperfusion: indications and benefits. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 1984;2:29-45.

80. Pond SM. Extracorporeal techniques in the treatment of poisoned patients. Med J Aust. 1991;154:617-622.

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87. DeSoi CA, Sahm DF, Umans JG. Vancomycin elimination during high-flux hemodialysis: kinetic model and comparison of four membranes. Am J Kidney Dis. 1992;20:354-360.

88. Touchette MA, Patel RV, Anandan JV, et al. Vancomycin removal by high-flux polysulfone hemodialysis membranes in critically ill patients with end-stage renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 1995;26:469-474.

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105. Buckley NA, Whyte IM, O'Connell DL, et al. Activated char-coal reduces the need for N-acetylcysteine treatment after acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdose. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1999;37:753-757.

106. Holubek WJ, Hoffman RS, Goldfarb DS, et al. Use of hemo-dialysis and hemoperfusion in poisoned patients. Kidney Int. 2008;74:1327-1334.

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121. Gabow PA. Ethylene glycol intoxication. Am J Kidney Dis. 1988;11:277-279.

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