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1 Mohammad Ghaed, The Three Days that Are Still Shaking Iran: Subcultures and Myth Making; a chapter fromInjustice, Ignorance and the Purgatory: Cry and Whisper in the Dialogue of Cultures (2003; to be published) .

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16 Persia and the Persian Question , Vol. One, p. 334.

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17 Ibid, pp. 440-444.

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20 Margaret Laing, The Shah (London, Sidgwick & Jackson, 1977), p. 118.

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/SiB{nA kv% An A jAj A AA njB~pA k nj B] nj nA @nBTwA j@ kpC jo M j pA T ,TiBzAn ] njn LAU o ,BT]A ] nj /j{ oM e BC w pA TLA o SwA L ,kAjoL M SAkAop k{ d xpBw AM w pA Ak~ nkM HL ,S{Am BmA C BQ {k~ kC m\B@A BmA k To{ T /SB Swj L LAU M AoLTv BM AU qo SwA :A oM oBv kAjo BmA jAjnAo Bv :k vLU Twjj M An jo 6 n M ,Sv jAjnAo _ BQSBjo uo kM M jp o pA ,Sv Swj nj A RAkB :T tBL B{ BXTwBM /kAjo BmA AnA :apA oMC toU pA M ,kwAo o pA BU {k~ ,n : pA /SwA k{ TiB{xo: jo BmA jAjnAo,L BTeA AU Te ,LAU _ SLY AoM Hen kjM jo jBC yjo AoM BnP{ Sze

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153



BA /SwA k{ oi M Ti PB6A So \T kBM ,:AoMBM /SwQ gnBU M kM Bw[Q SvM jo k xoMAoM/k o :a GoBN

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154



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Kn BM xpBw pA oUqC nBhTA X :{j pA Sv{ :kj c]oU ,j{ Kn Bojoi oMAoM nj vUBwC M AU jnA nBvM nj An ]nBi Swj BM wBw RdU ]U B c6U B{C A /SwA oLeBBToM o%w SwAi JBve M An poQ kk{ ,k{ vU Soz AoM nBz oMAoM nj oLTv BX T /SBBEn AoM A`pBM M kLU oz u\ T /kjAjLU @uA RnB%w Qj@ke BU An WdM knAmMd AkBi BU nj k n]] An PB6A jBTA v M pB ,k{ BMB BeM ow QBQ jBTAk[Qo kTo \T ,kjM ok U oow a jnAmM yQ k SvAT nijnjM jC nB]BnqM BUnk Ak] jnA BMA ,Sv k kBzSwj A RBLYA AoM kk] B{ /SwA jo nF uA An {Aq\T jo ,kjo kLU oB1{A A An A T /jL AoA ke nj A ke nj @Boei pBM ,k{ B] vLU AoMjoi pA jAj vU :A An :Tzi kM B{ /jM o HA A kAT% Swnj uQ kTo@[Q pA uQ ,kM BXT /SwA jni Sv{Mo\ nqM Rnk j U \T nj M ,iAj njKn BovU BoC nBz op k A kj oTM ,jAj SA An{ Be M :U ,:{j AnBM{ op Rin B

/SwA jo Bw An AoA oBv BQA a j{nj SBL M njB B] RnB\U pA knj w BM nz SA :A nAoU M wU BM ,AoA o njjB\A P :A /kn Sv{ BLLTwA M ,jnAk An 7TA C kB{BQpA AU Sv nqM BUnk 7TA oMAoM

41 self-fulfilling prophecy

41/SwA C LdU BTeA :TvAj knjk o pA tMB LdU M q M Sv{xomQ AoM en jBC7k knAk nBM j U nj Aop ,ko PAKo knjk M An Td ,Td M An : oT M ) kABnC AoA jo jB mUoQ MB] .nj ,n :A pA /k{BM : HTB\ BMA oX jnAoM (k{ kBM o] SwA B kC yQ ao ) kAKSv{ An (kj SB6n B pAo JBM nj ABwn o HLoLU ,Rjo BTwBM BB Bp pA /SwA jM nA{j nBvM nA ]nBi AoNBqBLUnA y M yoe ,yoe M ywBveA ,ywBveA M AoA o jomQ BBQ oX :A BM BAoA RBiAAq]A :A B /@(kBTw z L joL AM An S~h{

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42 integrity

AoA nj T% kB\A jo nAjo jMBUAMB omQMyQ M B\vA j{ kB 42S~h{ B\vARBwBveA ,%B ]nj /S{Ak C M7B~UA nj nAoAyB LB kB q {k~ oTj j{ LUSLX

/kj gwBQ BzUAnBXTA M kATM L oX pA CM ShAoM An joC B :A njSew AjA kT ow oM Aj BU kj {nM ApotBL T jo nB{A j~ njo A @B%oe ,oj w pA /jAj:U B`BoU Bk M ,jnAj :j : \k\j v oT o SwA jABi iB{BM ,oj nBM j 1330 jAkTMA Ao{ `Ba jo B AU ,Bkj :A pA /kkj An AnyjojMB AoM koU An ojoi oMAoM nj 6 TA pBM AoA B] Bojoi ,j{ nAoU ,C kM B ]nBi U:oiC tBveA /k{BM L]A pA Sv{M o@A Te ,kkM c]oU {pBw P o M jnAj j]C k{koM BTeA

155



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/k o o ~L An AnAhB] koM BQ,yhMAnC nAj kB ,kjSo B MKB\ oU Bo oMAoM njyiSX BM1zj nqM BUnk RBpBU Bnj nj Bv jAjnAo ,oj BM M / 7o~ A Ao{ \k\j pA An BoBiRBq] .nj M BU k kB LeAAnB AL M oTzM BnBi jo wBw n nj @pB Ski nj k{BM hnBU 6 C pA yQ yM jAjo 28 jrAoU :SwA :A T /k{BL pB kjnApC

Sj k SwnjJBT BL :A Bkv o@A /kjnApC BTA pA :To@B MSwAo:A He HTe uQ ,k{ BC k{o]A BnAkBa vA BoC w j ]nj nF ka U BMo AoA\T M ABoM _ AoA nj GoBN Aop k Rnz Bh{A Ba BMyi nAjA Te zi :U nj kBM SnB M HA SwA o BoM BM AoA 7o~ nBL nAkBa Te ) kAhM kM o `C q] kwnyB]owSwA oTM kwn nTwj j{ BX B%Bh BM joL jnA SwAi nBM o BkM k o%] BL{ :kC/jo wnoM jBLTA kj BM kBM An BBL BMBT BoX CuQ ,LTv SwAnz AoA Sv :a o@A /@(kzM(k{ C nAw ABoM B) xABoM o@A /jL HwBwA xABoM kB{ uQ ,jni Sv{ HLe {k~ o@A:A ,TwQ gnBU M SwAAT{m MqMo jAjo 28o@A /kpoQ HTB SwAjo AuQ ,kCnj Ao]A MSwBBwC nj SwAB Bojoi RBLL eMAn BT]A o po o@A /jnAk jn AkatvA C {A oAo SMBn Bp BU ? njBp ke :A BU KB]A B%] pA SB{ nj Aoa uQ ,T{Aj j] nA BpC ,Tv keA nd oM yi7oe tBveA o eU M njB BB@C B T BU jnAj Bo] Bojoi

/jAjo 28 wBe@Yo :A jz kAi B nB pA o SL M qMo :T oM BTwnBM BTiBw pA An BnUBw k%u\ nj A AnAko jM Bwu\ j]@Bh {k~ Sj

/k{ JBhTA AnC BM oj jo J~ B{ An ;U w ,nUBw S~{ pA 43

qC\ S%43/kz To k] AoA nj B_ ,BjuB\ Tvw oX pA zhM AM ,Bwu\ /kThn

poA BA /SwA kB nBjB M Tew Bho C pA k{BM YAo BU kB{ .@BoU P :oUJ\o AoM @nUBw@ ,BA u\ A u\ B ,BX Sd~ SwAi yhM j M AoA nAmB BX M B M @

/j{ ]U oX CSB M oj nBM k{BL kM kB{ ,SwA k{ vLU

44 proportional representation

44,ALe Lv En oX 6A , RnATwA B] /kAv\j L AnAj Mo\ BwAoj oTzMTwA@pA BU pe pA yM nj wT LL BmA jAjEn ,] pA ,jo AnA oj ]U ni nj RAoX\T nj BBToM wBw o Aop kB nj Ao]A M B_ oiA oX /j{ o] @ AmTMA oew

15



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:ToRnk jM :A @ AmTMA oew TwA@@ pA ozQ nj RnATwA B] oX Ao]A AoM {k~ jBzQAoM A oX jn wBw A ,nAo :A oM /knAj a nj An BBn AnC BAj a k{ od En epA BjAvM;d uQ ,SwA jBTA MBo\ An{ u\ ;eU Bw u\ uQ ,k\Uo BAj :jM qa :a AoA nAjA AoA S% So{ ;} io uQ ,SwBBoM Ao]A B BiB6n ovQ ;En e pA od uQ ,kB@CB BjAvMBArnM@Aj pA zhM M :BTwA ;ev nz CBBhUnB%w :TvM BMuQ ,SwBBToM Sj pA o\ uAkAhM o@A OaJAqeA BA ,kBM Rnk nj k nj M Ak pA An ji LL BmA pA oj zhM jo kAi @jo wkLU B @/kwn jiAqw M@kqM UAoj n] pA oe B kTwo%M u\ M kB TekM A M jM v B C nj BC jnAm ywoQ :A AoM B] kAjo woU {k~ BAoA owBoM An BnB Ba wA ATM o@A BT]A

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pA BdB LL :jnAj j] BQnA Lw M zo{ B LL q AoA nj jo nBTn A M {k~BAkBi nBMnj M BTvMA B pA nB ,BBn pA oUoM BAj M BTAM ,Swj: :T BkAitnjM BpB1 RnB\ AoM L AB ]n M SBL{M ,AT pA omQBoYFU ,kAjo i BC M B]nBi e oTeAk pA An Bo C k{BM pBwS{ow kAU Bi B LL:A En jo B ,w pA /jqn BMBiC k]A B ,To { p Bw B\Q pA uQ A oX jn B LL /jM kC M nAo ;jL kC M B ,:A /k nj M

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/354| ,SwBw 45

nB n BoC nTwj M AnCpn A pA T{m 45/k KmU BoC o%w ,SwA7i7oe :A o@A :A kTwA P ]nBi nz o%w BM ,SwA k BM HUkB M ,jM jo eU An AoU nj BoC Ak jAn jM kBnj B` o@o P :A) j{RBLYA BjA C ,jo jn An U nBMnj BMq nz u\ kB BjA `BaBjB jB\A w M AoA B] Soe ,Be o nj /@(jnAm oYA jo B oM kTwA po C SwA [An AoA

/S{Aj An ypnC A jo kAi eAo{ B jB\A M jnAj AjA ,BT]A Uno6 AM ,dM p BwB\Q pA uQ BC BA ,jo o 1952Bw jo An ABU \ kohT% B` {k~ AozBTw knAm {o Ro{ PAA B ,A nj /kAjo ]U B ,jo oX nj An jM pBwoLi ,JBhTA :A nB{k~ jL :A \ C AnBTwAo nX /@(SwA TB @%hU p 6nB :A)kj c]oU B M An BkMRBTMA pA oj :A /kT{Aj ]U A jM jBo\ nB\{ M HUk M ,SwA Bo B SwA Mi jC]U BBQ c6A B M yi : @A BpAkA M knAk A pAkA M |Ai SwA AoA B]

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/@({Ao' RAoBi aoT'j JBT nj B7

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47 Persia and the Persian Question , Vol. One, pp. 480-1; 614-415.kT{Ak nBM AonBTwA BA S{Aj Q M pB BQnA BBMBi nj \U BRoQRoi koi o5 M oTzM ao BoCw AoM B{ ;kAoBpA BTeA BoM ;A@ :kv oTn wn `hnBU /j{ Be jAjnAoM ;A pA nj kC nj Te k An An AoA B{ ] BMnA

/jM Sv{ M d AkTMA BDonald Read, The Power of News: The History of Reuters (Oxford, 1994), p. 67.

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nj An AoA J] BBToM yUnA B{ ,nAqU wn yUnA (1293)1914Bwnj AB]] :Tonj pAuQnj Sj@,Rnk j C l% pA oM Le nj BU kTn BzBo M BC

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B SBe BM AoU pA Bv ,kTo nBTiA

no M Ro]B ;A kT{Aj k7 Ak@ :SC u\ nj 1305 Bw nj tnk ;ve /kAjo o@l oC nAq j pA pB\T An Ao]B C nB{ 48Bw :7z M k B) /jo Zoi T5o BBC pA Q ,T5n Ro]B M /SwAS b jM ;A oM Ak7 ; /SwAS

/(39-46| ,1380 ,j NBa , bo_ ,M ; M ,Sv{nBC K\

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jB~TA Bp jw M ]U M ,kk] Ro{Kv Bco%U dMJBeiLz ,jM jo oeM A Hwn AoA Sj ao /kAk{ Twj Twj kAjBTA An ]nBi BUnk BLjyQBzQ j{ Ak jnA SwA p k K\oU An A @Sv ] q]M B nBa @@ k B{keAM jAj BBQ AoM nAkAr BTwj AkTMA z jo xU Bp C nj AoA oz Sj /joM ] MBM nj nB]B B{ ,:A pA T{m /jMS@ nj nz S{Ak j]UBB BX ,kLM .nAkU BiLve BzowkBwoM vAo J] M An ji ,joM u\ pA Q jMJBUM Ak jo BM Tj tBveA jBMCkwnj vA nB % BM] Be nj KwA oM nAw k%wyTwj BM An Ayi AoB{ Bi nj Lz BA ,kBM B]B

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