ch 6: nonverbal messages (slide 1) chapter 6: nonverbal messages this multimedia product and its...

CH 6: Nonverbal Messages (slide 1)

Chapter 6: Nonverbal Messages

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Principles of Nonverbal Communication

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1. Nonverbal messages interact with verbal messages Accent Complement Contradict Control Repeat Substitute


Principles of Nonverbal Communication (cont.)

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2. Nonverbal messages help manage impressions To be liked To be believed To excuse failure To get help To hide faults To be followed To confirm and communicate self-image


Principles of Nonverbal Communication (cont.)

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3. Nonverbal messages help form relationships4. Nonverbal messages structure conversation5. Nonverbal messages influence and deceive6. Nonverbal messages express emotions


Channels of Nonverbal Communication

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1. Body gestures, movement – kinesics Emblems Illustrators Affect displays Regulators Adaptors

The meanings of gestures vary culturally


Channels of Nonverbal Communication (cont.)

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2. Body appearance3. Facial communication

We signal emotions through facial expressions We use management techniques to manage our

facial expressions Facial feedback hypothesis Cultural display rules



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4. Eye communication – occulesis Functions of eye contact

Monitor feedback Secure attention Regulate conversation Signal nature of relationship Signal status Compensate for distance



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4. Eye communication (cont.) Eye avoidance

Maintains privacy Civil inattention

Pupil size Cultural and gender variations



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5. Touch, tactile communication – haptics Highly primitive and essential Varies with age and relationship Has multiple meanings

Positive emotions Playfulness Control Ritual Task-relatedness



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5. Touch communication (cont.) Touch avoidance is related to communication

apprehension or anxiety Rules of touch vary culturally



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6. Paralanguage and silence Paralanguage – vocal but nonverbal

Rate Volume Pitch

We form impressions of people based on their paralanguage

Paralanguage affects persuasiveness Norms for paralanguage vary culturally



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6. Paralanguage and silence (cont.) Silence communicates Functions of silence

Time to think Hurt others Respond to personal anxiety Prevent communication of conflict or certain topics Communicate emotions Achieve certain effects You have nothing to say



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6. Paralanguage and silence (cont.) Spiral of silence

We’re more likely to voice your opinion if you agree with the majority on a controversial topic

The minority view stays silent and the majority view gets stronger

Different cultures view silence differently



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7. Spatial messages, territoriality – proxemics Proxemic distances

Intimate – 0 to 18 inches, within touching distance Personal – 1 ½ feet to 4 feet, surrounded by

protective bubble, touch only by stretching Social – 4 feet to 12 feet, conduct business or social

interactions Public – 12 feet to 25+, keep your distance, people

blend into the background



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7. Spatial messages, territoriality – proxemics



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7. Spatial messages (cont.) Territoriality

Primary/home territories Secondary territories Public territories Home field advantage

Territorial markers Central markers Boundary markers Ear markers



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7. Spatial messages (cont.) Encroachment – right of invasion

Unwritten rule Usually granted to higher status

Withdrawal Turf defense Insulation Linguistic collusion



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8. Artifactual communicationMessages conveyed by objects made by human hands; includes color, clothes, hairstyle, jewelry, perfume

Space decoration Color communication Clothing and body adornment Cultural display Scent (olfactory communication)



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9. Temporal communication – chronemics

Psychological time emphasis or orientation on time Past Present Future



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9. Temporal communication (cont.)

Formal time divisions include minutes, hours, days, and weeks, months, and years

Arbitrary Vary culturally

Informal time divisions are ambiguous and include “forever,” “early,” and “soon”

Include cultural attitudes about time



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Monochronic cultures schedule one thing at a time Compartmentalize working, socializing, family Relies on schedules

Polychronic cultures schedule many things at a time Working, socializing, family activities overlap Relaxed about schedules



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Social clock – culture’s time schedule for the right time to do complete milestones such as graduating from college, getting married, having children, buying a house


Nonverbal Communication Competence

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1. Increase competence in decoding nonverbals Mindfully seek alternative judgments Be tentative Pay attention to all nonverbal channels Consider being wrong Be sensitive to cultural context Consider all the factors that can influence

communication


Nonverbal Communication Competence (cont.)

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2. Increase competence in encoding nonverbals Consider your choices Be consistent in your messages Monitor your nonverbal choices Avoid extremes


Nonverbal Communication Competence (cont.)

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2. Increase competence in encoding nonverbals (cont.) Be aware of your situation Maintain eye contact Avoid adaptors Avoid strong and potentially unpleasant scents Be cautious about touch

ch 6: nonverbal messages (slide 1) chapter 6: nonverbal messages this multimedia product and its...

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