ch. 11 the jackson era 1824 – 1845 section one: jacksonian democracy page 1. election of 1824...
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Ch. 11 The Jackson Era 1824 – 1845 Section One:
Jacksonian Democracy
Page 1. Election of 1824
William H. Crawford
Favorite Son Candidates
Andrew Jackson and Henry Clay
John Quincy Adams
Striking a Bargain
Majority and plurality – 12th Amendment
The Adams Presidency
“corrupt bargain”
Ch. 11 The Jackson Era 1824 – 1845 Section One:
Jacksonian Democracy Page 2.
The Election of 1828
Democratic-Republicans = Andrew Jackson-States’ Rights, mistrusted strong central govt. Were individualists, immigrants or big city laborers.
National Republicans = Adams-Wanted strong central govt., supported federal measures (roads) & Bank of the U.S. Were merchants or farmers.
Mudslinging – handbills
A. Jackson’s order in War of 1812 to execute soldiers.
Election slogans, rallies, buttons, and events (BBQs).
Jackson Triumphs
New frontier voters and South (States’ Rights)Calhoun switched partiesLandslide = 56% of pop. Vote, and 178 electoral votes.
Ch. 11 The Jackson Era 1824 – 1845 Section One:
Jacksonian Democracy Page 3.
“Old Hickory”
Log cabin, poor, patriots, elected to Congress @ 30. War of 1812, Battle of Horseshoe Bend, Battle of New Orleans.
Loved by the common people.
Citizenship : New Voters
Spirit of equality, suffrage, lessening of property requirements to vote by 1815.
1820’s – democracy expanded, % of white Males voting increases. For first time = Sharecroppers, factory workers, and many others.
1840 = More than 80% of white males voted in Pres. Election. Pres. Electors.
Ch. 11 The Jackson Era 1824 – 1845 Section One:
Jacksonian Democracy Page 4.
The Spoils System
Democrats = Open govt. jobs to all.
Bureaucracy
A.J. fired many and replaced with his own people.Tyrant.
“To the victor belongs the spoils.”
Electoral Changes
Caucus system replaced by nominating conventions.
Dem. 1st national party convention in 1832 @ Baltimore.Would nominate candidate who could get 2/3 of vote.A.J. won.
The Tariff Debate
1828 high tariff on European goods. Good for North, bad for South = “Tariff of Abominations.”
Ch. 11 The Jackson Era 1824 – 1845 Section One:
Jacksonian Democracy Page 5.
The South Protests
V.P. John C. Calhoun argued that a state or group of stateshad the right to nullify a federal law. Some talked about seceding.
The Webster-Hayne Debate
Daniel Webster in Jan. 1830 stingingly attacked nullification. Robert Hayne (S.C.) defended the idea that states could nullify laws.
Webster defended Constitution and the Union. Said that nullification was allowed, it would mean the end of the Union.
Jackson Takes a Stand
All were unsure how A.J. thought. April 1830 he said he was for the Union and NOT states’ rights. Calhoun fought for Southern states, was re-elected to Senate and resigned the office of the Vice President.
Ch. 11 The Jackson Era 1824 – 1845 Section One:
Jacksonian Democracy Page 6.
The Nullification Crisis
Southern anger over high tariff continued. Federal govt. passed a lower tariff. South still angry. Some thought ofsplitting from the Union.
S.C. state legislature passed Nullification Act about illegal tariffs and promised to split from Union.
A.J. promoted a compromise by Henry Clay to keep the peace. Also passed the Force Bill which allowed President to use military to enforce acts of Congress.
S.C. then accepted the new tariff, but state leaders voted to nullify the Force Bill. Both sides claimed victory, but the Southern states bitterly remembered the Nullification Crisis.