JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACYJACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY

J.Q. Adams Elected in 1824J.Q. Adams Elected in 1824

Jackson Elected in 1828Jackson Elected in 1828

DemocratizationDemocratization

Indian RemovalIndian Removal

The Nullification CrisisThe Nullification Crisis

The Bank WarThe Bank War

John Quincy AdamsJohn Quincy Adams

JOHN QUINCY ADAMS 1825-JOHN QUINCY ADAMS 1825-18291829• The Election of 1824: House run-offThe Election of 1824: House run-off

– ““Corrupt Bargain”Corrupt Bargain”

• Adams’ Background: Son of John AdamsAdams’ Background: Son of John Adams– Highly educated, linguistHighly educated, linguist– Diplomatic victories: Monroe Doctrine, FloridaDiplomatic victories: Monroe Doctrine, Florida

• Achievements: National improvements,Achievements: National improvements,– National university, weights & measures National university, weights & measures

• Weakness: Too intellectualWeakness: Too intellectual– No connection with public, high moralsNo connection with public, high morals– Not a populists: family ties and personalityNot a populists: family ties and personality

Andrew Jackson 1829-1837Andrew Jackson 1829-1837

• Election of 1828: Birth of Democratic PartyElection of 1828: Birth of Democratic Party– Adams v. Jackson. Nasty campaign.Adams v. Jackson. Nasty campaign.

• Jacksonian Era PoliticsJacksonian Era Politics– Two party system: Van BurenTwo party system: Van Buren– Enthusiastic participation: parades, high vote Enthusiastic participation: parades, high vote – Party conventions 1832Party conventions 1832

• Democratization: all white men equalDemocratization: all white men equal– no property qualifications, equal under lawno property qualifications, equal under law– ““Common Man” anti elitism, equal societyCommon Man” anti elitism, equal society– Wide newspaper circulation, public educationWide newspaper circulation, public education

Andrew Jackson 1829-1837Andrew Jackson 1829-1837

JACKSON PRESIDENCYJACKSON PRESIDENCY

• Political Ideology: Jeffersonian, anti-elitePolitical Ideology: Jeffersonian, anti-elite– Nationalistic, rotation in office, spoil system,Nationalistic, rotation in office, spoil system,– Veto, President is the only national office.Veto, President is the only national office.– Vetoes Maryland Road: served only one stateVetoes Maryland Road: served only one state

– Personality: strong will, never losesPersonality: strong will, never loses– His enemies are evil, (Eaton affair). His enemies are evil, (Eaton affair).

• Indian RemovalIndian Removal– Worcester v. GeorgiaWorcester v. Georgia– Jackson supports Georgia, ignores Supreme Jackson supports Georgia, ignores Supreme

CourtCourt– Trail of Tears: Cherokees to OklahomaTrail of Tears: Cherokees to Oklahoma

Trail of Tears: 1838Trail of Tears: 1838

Nullification CrisisNullification Crisis• Congress raise tariffs in 1828 and 1832Congress raise tariffs in 1828 and 1832• Calhoun’s “Exposition” 1828: states Calhoun’s “Exposition” 1828: states

have have – The right to nullify bad congressional lawsThe right to nullify bad congressional laws

• South Carolina’s nullification 1832South Carolina’s nullification 1832• Jackson raises a armyJackson raises a army• Congress passes The Force BillCongress passes The Force Bill• The compromise: Henry ClayThe compromise: Henry Clay

– Congress lowers tariff, keeps Force BillCongress lowers tariff, keeps Force Bill– South Carolina backs downSouth Carolina backs down

• Trouble aheadTrouble ahead

John C. Calhoun of South John C. Calhoun of South CarolinaCarolina

Henry Clay of KentuckyHenry Clay of Kentucky

Bank WarBank War

• Second Bank of the United States (SBUS)Second Bank of the United States (SBUS)• Nicholas Biddle: president of SBUS 1824Nicholas Biddle: president of SBUS 1824• Early vote for re-charter of SBUS 1832Early vote for re-charter of SBUS 1832

– Clay and Biddle try to trick JacksonClay and Biddle try to trick Jackson

• Jackson vetoes SBUS, and wins electionJackson vetoes SBUS, and wins election• Jackson withdraws federal funds from SBUSJackson withdraws federal funds from SBUS

– 33rdrd treasurer Roger Taney’s “pet banks.” treasurer Roger Taney’s “pet banks.”

• Biddle fights back, causes recession, Biddle fights back, causes recession, • Jackson wins! (Senate Censure)Jackson wins! (Senate Censure)• Jackson ends presidency: Democrats rule Jackson ends presidency: Democrats rule

Alex De Tocqueville 1831Alex De Tocqueville 1831

• Democracy in AmericaDemocracy in America

• French aristocrat and writerFrench aristocrat and writer

• ““Equality of conditions”Equality of conditions”

• Hard work, energy, get rich quickHard work, energy, get rich quick

• America very Religious, church-stateAmerica very Religious, church-state

• Social organizations, ParticipationSocial organizations, Participation

• SlaverySlavery