andrew jackson and the era of jacksonian democracy
TRANSCRIPT
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ANDREWJACKSON
and the Era ofJacksonian Democracy
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Transformation of American Politics
• Democratic Fervoruniversal male suffrage, electoral vote shift, nominating caucus to convention
• Election of 1824“corrupt bargain”: Adams, Jackson, Crawford and Clay
• John Quincy Adamssupported internal improvements; delegation to Latin America
• Jackson & Van Burenfrom Republican to Democrat
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Election of 1828the murdering, drunken adulterer vs. the rich, silk underwear wearing pimp
• Rotation in OfficeSpoils System
• Maysville Road Bill veto• Indian Removal Act (1830)• Cherokee v. Georgia (1831)
not a foreign nation; no right to sue• Worcester v. Georgia (1832)
Georgia has no authority in tribal territory
“Old Hickory” sworn into office
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Jackson vs. Calhoun
• Tariff of Abominations, 1828• Nullification Crisis South Carolina Exposition and Protest , slavery
• Peggy Eaton Affair• Olive Branch and the Sword: Compromise Tariff and Force Bill (1833)
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War on the Bank
• The Bank VetoPanic of 1819, privilege and class, lending capacity, stockholders, Philly not DC
• Election of 1832Jackson 219, Clay 49 electoral votes
• Nicholas BiddlePresident of the Bank
• “Pet Banks”1836 Deposit Act; Hard-money vs. Soft-money Democrats
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Capitalism DebatedWhat sort of society would the US become?
• Swift economic development at the price of allowing some people to get rich quickly while others languished?(paper money and speculation)
• Modest growth in traditional molds anchored by “honest” manual work and frugality?(specie and regulation)
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Emergence of the Whig Party• Constituents:
South pro-nullification, internal improvements; North pro-reform; Anti-Masonry
• Election of 1836Van Buren 170 electoral votes; Whig split four candidates
• Panic of 1837“pet banks”; Specie Circular; Britain held specie; Independent Treasury Bill (1840)
• Election of 1840Tippencanoe and Tyler, too“Log Cabins and Hard Cider”
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King Andrew?
Or “the greatest man of his age”?
“Democracy does not give people the most skillful government, but it produces what the ablest governments are frequently unable to create: namely, an all-pervading and restless activity.”
~Alexis deTocqueville Democracy inAmerica 1830-1831
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Rise of Popular Religion• The Second Great Awakening
Revivals vs. Unitarians, Methodists, Burned-Over Districts(Charles Finney), Timothy Dwight (Yale Calvinists)
• MormonismJoseph Smith (Book of Mormon), Brigham Young (Salt Lake)
• ShakersMother Ann Lee
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Transcendentalism
• Mystical and intuitive• Discovery of one’s inner self• Seeking the essence of God in nature
Ralph Waldo Emerson“The American Scholar”
Harvard, 1837
Henry David ThoreauWalden, 1854“On Civil Disobedience”
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Brook Farm, Massachusetts, 1841
“a more natural union between intellectual and manual labor”– George Ripley
Ralph EmersonMargaret Fuller
feministNathaniel Hawthorne
novelist
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Social Reform
• Temperance• Public School• Abolitionism• Women’s Rights• Penitentiaries and
Asylums• Utopian
Communities
Horace Mann
Susan B. AnthonyElizabeth Cady Stanton
Dorothea Dix
Wm Lloyd Garrison