from adams to jackson! to jackson!. 1824 election 1824 election

FROM ADAMS FROM ADAMS TO JACKSON!TO JACKSON!

1824 ELECTION1824 ELECTION


(William (William Crawford, Crawford, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________)_____________)William Crawford; William Crawford; Democratic-Republican Democratic-Republican (February 24, (February 24, 1772 – September 15, 1834) was an important American 1772 – September 15, 1834) was an important American politician, as well as a politician, as well as a judgejudge, during the early 19th century. , during the early 19th century. Crawford soon became a respected and influential senator, Crawford soon became a respected and influential senator, and was elected and was elected president pro temporepresident pro tempore in 1811. He served in 1811. He served as United States as United States Secretary of WarSecretary of War from 1815 to 1816 and from 1815 to 1816 and United States United States Secretary of the TreasurySecretary of the Treasury from 1816 to 1825. from 1816 to 1825. Monroe’s favorite candidate had a stroke which hurt his Monroe’s favorite candidate had a stroke which hurt his chances.chances.


(William (William Crawford, Crawford, Andrew Andrew Jackson, Jackson, ____________________________________________________________________________________ )________________ )

Jackson, a Jackson, a Democratic RepublicanDemocratic Republican, after his War of 1812 , after his War of 1812 days was a member of days was a member of Tennessee's Constitutional Tennessee's Constitutional ConventionConvention, was elected its first , was elected its first U.S. congressmanU.S. congressman and and later later US senatorUS senator and was for six years a and was for six years a Tennessee Tennessee Superior Court judge.Superior Court judge.


(William (William Crawford, Crawford, Andrew Andrew Jackson, Jackson, Henry Clay,Henry Clay, _________________________________________)___________)

1824 Henry Clay portrait1824 Henry Clay portrait Clay was a Clay was a Democratic- RepublicanDemocratic- Republican, a , a War HawkWar Hawk, and , and Speaker of the House of RepresentativesSpeaker of the House of Representatives under Madison and Monroe. under Madison and Monroe.


(William (William Crawford, Crawford, Andrew Andrew Jackson, Jackson, Henry Clay,Henry Clay, John Quincy John Quincy Adams)Adams)

Adams was the Adams was the Secretary of StateSecretary of State under Monroe and aided in the negotiation of the under Monroe and aided in the negotiation of the Monroe Doctrine.Monroe Doctrine. He was a Democratic Republican, however he also spent time as a He was a Democratic Republican, however he also spent time as a Federalist first, later as a National Republican and finally as a Whig. Federalist first, later as a National Republican and finally as a Whig.


1)1)Jackson has more electoral; Jackson has more electoral; loses majority; loses majority;

House of Representatives picks House of Representatives picks John Quincy Adams to be John Quincy Adams to be president president

- A figurative portrayal of the presidential race of 1824. A crowd of cheering citizens watch as - A figurative portrayal of the presidential race of 1824. A crowd of cheering citizens watch as candidates (left to right) John Quincy Adams, William Crawford, and Andrew Jackson stride candidates (left to right) John Quincy Adams, William Crawford, and Andrew Jackson stride toward the finish. Henry Clay has dropped from the race and stands, hand on head, on the far toward the finish. Henry Clay has dropped from the race and stands, hand on head, on the far right. right.

- Assorted comments come from the crowd, reflecting various sectional and partisan views. - Assorted comments come from the crowd, reflecting various sectional and partisan views.

- In the left background is a platform and an inaugural scene, the "Presidential Chair" with a - In the left background is a platform and an inaugural scene, the "Presidential Chair" with a purse "$25,000 per Annum" (center) and an imaginative portrayal of the Capitol in the purse "$25,000 per Annum" (center) and an imaginative portrayal of the Capitol in the distance. distance.



(Henry Clay’s (Henry Clay’s persuasion = persuasion = Sec of State Sec of State = = Unfair Unfair Election!)Election!)

Clay sewing Jackson's mouth shut (1834) Clay sewing Jackson's mouth shut (1834)

2) Adams 2) Adams (strong navy; (strong navy;

federal federal government government directed directed economy) and economy) and Congress think Congress think opposite. opposite. Most of his Most of his ideas turned ideas turned down.down.

John QUINCY Adams John QUINCY Adams


But first . . . . . . . .But first . . . . . . . .

LOOK – A – LIKE ???????LOOK – A – LIKE ???????

Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson

LOOK – A – LIKE ???????LOOK – A – LIKE ???????

Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson John KerryJohn Kerry


Two new parties form: Two new parties form: DEMOCRATICDEMOCRATIC b) b)

NATIONALNATIONAL REPUBLICANSREPUBLICANS REPUBLICANSREPUBLICANS




- Supported Jackson - Stronger - Supported Jackson - Stronger central govt.central govt.




- Supported Jackson - Stronger - Supported Jackson - Stronger central govt.central govt.

- Used to be the - - Used to be the - Business owners; Republicans Business owners; Republicans - turn into WHIGS - turn into WHIGS

Mudslinging Mudslinging (insults to (insults to Jackson’s wife, Jackson’s wife, 1812 1812 executions), executions),


AAlmost two years into their marriage, the lmost two years into their marriage, the young Jackson's, both now twenty-six, young Jackson's, both now twenty-six, discovered that Rachel was still technically discovered that Rachel was still technically married to her first husband, Lewis married to her first husband, Lewis Robards. Divorce was still new and the Robards. Divorce was still new and the procedures very different from today. procedures very different from today. Robards had only obtained permission from Robards had only obtained permission from the General Assembly of Virginia (Kentucky the General Assembly of Virginia (Kentucky was still a part of Virginia) but he still had was still a part of Virginia) but he still had to bring the divorce to court and go to bring the divorce to court and go through a jury trial.through a jury trial.

Mudslinging Mudslinging (insults to (insults to Jackson’s wife, Jackson’s wife, 1812 1812 executions), executions), Campaigning Campaigning begins begins (buttons, (buttons, slogans, slogans, barbecues, barbecues, rallies)rallies)


Political Cartoon showing Jackson as Political Cartoon showing Jackson as a brutal person trying to hurt his a brutal person trying to hurt his image during the election. image during the election.

Jackson falsely Jackson falsely accused Adams of accused Adams of kidnapping a young kidnapping a young American girl and American girl and selling her to Russia. selling her to Russia.

Non-landowners Non-landowners vote (20% more vote (20% more males; no A.A., males; no A.A., N.A., women), N.A., women), people choose people choose electors (22-24 electors (22-24 states), states), Nominating Nominating Conventions Conventions replace replace caucuses caucuses (people choose (people choose candidates). candidates).



Jackson Jackson Wins!!Wins!!

THE FIRST WESTERN THE FIRST WESTERN PRESIDENT PRESIDENT

ANDREW JACKSON ANDREW JACKSON

(President 1829 – (President 1829 – 1837) 1837) - - Born to a poor Born to a poor family in South family in South CarolinaCarolina

He was born on March 15, 1767, in He was born on March 15, 1767, in the Waxhaws, a harsh barren region the Waxhaws, a harsh barren region along the border of North and South along the border of North and South Carolina. His father, also Andrew Carolina. His father, also Andrew Jackson, died while building a log Jackson, died while building a log cabin a month before Andrew's birth. cabin a month before Andrew's birth. Jackson's mother; she died during Jackson's mother; she died during the Revolutionary War from cholera the Revolutionary War from cholera while tending to American prisoners. while tending to American prisoners.


(President 1829 – (President 1829 – 1837) 1837) - - Born to a poor Born to a poor family in South family in South CarolinaCarolina -Fought in the Fought in the revolution at 13 revolution at 13 years old years old (orphan; brother (orphan; brother dies)dies)

Jackson read the Declaration of Independence to his community at age 9. Jackson Jackson read the Declaration of Independence to his community at age 9. Jackson fought in the revolution at 13 years of age. Jackson obtained scars he would carry for fought in the revolution at 13 years of age. Jackson obtained scars he would carry for life after refusing to clean a British officer's boots;life after refusing to clean a British officer's boots; Hugh Jackson, Andrew's older Hugh Jackson, Andrew's older brother, died fighting during the Revolution leaving Andrew alone in the world. brother, died fighting during the Revolution leaving Andrew alone in the world.



(President 1829 – (President 1829 – 1837) 1837) - - Born to a poor Born to a poor family in South family in South CarolinaCarolina -Fought in the Fought in the revolution at 13 revolution at 13 years old years old - Became wealthy - Became wealthy lawyer, sold landlawyer, sold land


- “Old - “Old Hickory” Hickory” Battle of New Battle of New OrleansOrleans


- “Old - “Old Hickory” Hickory” Battle of New Battle of New OrleansOrleans- - Supported Supported federal federal government government over stateover state

Jackson during the Battle of New Orleans Jackson during the Battle of New Orleans


- “Old - “Old Hickory” Hickory” Battle of New Battle of New OrleansOrleans- - Supported Supported federal federal government government over stateover state- Symbol of - Symbol of the “common the “common man”man”

Jackson and his wife Rachel lived in this log cabin in Tennessee.Jackson and his wife Rachel lived in this log cabin in Tennessee.

Jackson’s inauguration was a huge party as people came from 500 miles to see Jackson’s inauguration was a huge party as people came from 500 miles to see the first “common man” president. After many breaks and spills, the food and the first “common man” president. After many breaks and spills, the food and beverage were moved outside to the Whitehouse lawn. beverage were moved outside to the Whitehouse lawn.

Spoils SystemSpoils System – – those who those who supported supported Jackson were Jackson were given positions in given positions in the government. the government.


Spoils SystemSpoils System – – those who those who supported supported Jackson were Jackson were given positions in given positions in the government. the government.

Kitchen CabinetKitchen Cabinet – – friends of Jackson friends of Jackson that gave advicethat gave advice


A Nation Divides!

Tariff 1828 =

↑ ↑ Tariff on European Tariff on European GoodsGoods =

South angered!John C. Calhoun

A Nation Divides!

Nullification Crisis =

declare tariffs illegal =declare tariffs illegal =

State over Federal Govt.

S.C. threatensthreatens secession!!!!

A Nation Divides!Force Bill =

President uses

military to enforce

acts of Congress =

Federal over State Govt.

A Nation Divides!

Compromise Tariff …..

calms things down…..FOR NOW!

INDIAN REMOVAL!INDIAN REMOVAL!

U.S. Ignored U.S. Ignored prior treaties prior treaties and removed and removed Indians from Indians from their landtheir land

INDIAN REMOVAL ACTINDIAN REMOVAL ACT

I. I. Indian Removal Indian Removal ActAct

- Congress Paid Indians - Congress Paid Indians for their landfor their land

INDIAN REMOVAL ACTINDIAN REMOVAL ACT

I. I. Indian Removal Indian Removal ActAct

- Congress Paid Indians - Congress Paid Indians for their landfor their land

- Jackson’s campaign - Jackson’s campaign promisepromise

II. CHEROKEE NATIONII. CHEROKEE NATION

a.a.Refused to Refused to leave (some leave (some signed; many signed; many protest)protest)

A photo taken in North Carolina in 1888 shows a A photo taken in North Carolina in 1888 shows a Cherokee cabin that is "very representative of the Cherokee cabin that is "very representative of the homes in this region" during the 19th centuryhomes in this region" during the 19th century..


a.a.Refused to leave Refused to leave (some signed; (some signed; many protest)many protest)

b. Georgia doesn’t b. Georgia doesn’t recognize recognize Cherokee people Cherokee people as a Nation as a Nation (Cherokee sue (Cherokee sue Georgia)Georgia)

John Ross, a wealthy plantation owner and leader of the Cherokees sued Georgia so they wouldn’t be pushed off their land.


a.a.Refused to leave Refused to leave (some signed; (some signed; many protest)many protest)

b. Georgia doesn’t b. Georgia doesn’t recognize recognize Cherokee people Cherokee people as a Nation as a Nation (Cherokee sue (Cherokee sue Georgia)Georgia)

c. Worcester v. c. Worcester v. GeorgiaGeorgia

- Native - Native Americans are Americans are protected by protected by Constitution.Constitution.


- Native - Native Americans are Americans are protected by protected by Constitution.Constitution.

- Jackson - Jackson ignores the ignores the Supreme Court Supreme Court ruling.ruling.


Jackson political cartoon Andrew Jackson was a strong president who used the office to forcefully pursue his agenda. Many political opponents, fearing Jackson's use of power, called him "King Andrew." This 1832 cartoon uses that theme to show Jackson, dressed as a king, trampling on the Constitution. While the cartoon garnered support for the opposing Whig Party, it did little to thwart Jackson's desire to increase the power of the presidency.

"King Andrew."

- Winfield Scott Winfield Scott (7,000 troops) (7,000 troops) force N.A. from force N.A. from GeorgiaGeorgia

III. The Trail of TearsIII. The Trail of Tears

(1838 – 1839)(1838 – 1839)

Winfield Scott; Winfield Scott; lieutenant-colonel of lieutenant-colonel of artillery in 1812 . artillery in 1812 .


(1838 – 1839)(1838 – 1839)

Winfield Scott (7,000 Winfield Scott (7,000 troops) force N.A. from troops) force N.A. from GeorgiaGeorgia

- - Fighting is hopeless; Fighting is hopeless; Cherokee are forced to Cherokee are forced to movemove

--


(1838 – 1839)(1838 – 1839)

Fighting is hopeless; Cherokee Fighting is hopeless; Cherokee are forced to moveare forced to move

-- Thousands die during the Thousands die during the journeyjourney


IV. The Seminole IV. The Seminole WarsWars

a) Only Native Americans that successfully block their removal (Seminoles / Escaped slaves fight U.S.)

Picture of a Black Seminole warrior


b) b) U.S. gives in, U.S. gives in, and allows them and allows them to remain in to remain in FloridaFlorida

- Many die in the - Many die in the war (Osceola war (Osceola leads the leads the Seminoles) Seminoles)

- Native American - Native American life East of the life East of the Mississippi is Mississippi is over (lose 2over (lose 2ndnd Seminole War)Seminole War)

http://www.johnhorse.com/trail/02/c/35.2zz.htm


b) b) U.S. gives in, U.S. gives in, and allows them and allows them to remain in to remain in FloridaFlorida

- Many die in the - Many die in the war (Osceola war (Osceola leads the leads the Seminoles) Seminoles)

- Native American - Native American life East of the life East of the Mississippi is Mississippi is over (lose 2over (lose 2ndnd Seminole War)Seminole War)

In 1823 The Seminoles were forced into a reservation in central Florida.

ANDREW ANDREW JACKSONJACKSON THEY BEGAN TO THEY BEGAN TO PHOTOGRAPH PHOTOGRAPH PRESIDENTS! PRESIDENTS!

(1840’s) (1840’s) THE SECOND THE SECOND PHOTOGRAPHED PHOTOGRAPHED AFTER JOHN AFTER JOHN QUINCY ADAMS. QUINCY ADAMS. THEY WERE BOTH THEY WERE BOTH PHOTOGRAPHED PHOTOGRAPHED WAY AFTER THEY WAY AFTER THEY WERE ACTUALLY WERE ACTUALLY PRESIDENT PRESIDENT

Should Jackson be on money Should Jackson be on money based on his decisions as based on his decisions as

president? president?

from adams to jackson! to jackson!. 1824 election 1824 election

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