TheRelationshipbetweenJobStressandJob

InvolvementOrganizationalIdentificationasaMediator

O

O

TheRelationshipbetweenJobStressandJob

InvolvementOrganizationalIdentificationasaMediator

Student: LinGuoFang

Advisor: ChangShanChih

Advisor:YeMingLang

AThesis

SubmittedtoDepartmentofBusinessAdministration

YuDaUniversity

inPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsfortheDegreeof

MasterofBusinessAdministrationJune2012

Taiwan,R.O.C.

O

()

1002

l

_____________________

_____________________ 1010626

1002

_____________________

_____________________ 1010626

vi

343

vii

TheRelationshipbetween JobStressandJobInvolvementOrganizationalIdentificationasa

Mediator

Student:LinGuoFang Advisor:ChangShanChih

Advisor: YeMingLang

GraduateSchoolofBusinessAdministrationYuDaUniversity

ABSTRACT

With the era of global competition, the job stress becomes an important issue.Good employees are the source ofcorporate competitiveness. Job involvement andorganizational identificationwillaffectemployeesturnover rate,which is thekey todecideleaveorstay.343validquestionnaireswerecollectedandtheresultsfoundthatanegative jobstressonjob involvement.Second, the jobstresshasnegative impacton organizational identification. Third, organizational identification has a positiveinfluenceonjobinvolvement.Fourth,organizational identificationhasthemediatingeffectbetweenjobstressandjobinvolvement.

Keywords: job stress,jobinvolvement, organizational identification

viii

O

ix

............................................................................................................... i .............................................................................................................. ii .............................................................................................. iii .............................................................................................. iv ...............................................................................................................v ............................................................................................................. vi ............................................................................................................ vii ........................................................................................................... viii ............................................................................................................. ix ............................................................................................................. xi ........................................................................................................... xiii ........................................................................................................... 1

............................................................................................. 1 ............................................................................................. 2 ............................................................................................. 3

................................................................................................... 5 .............................................................................. 5 ................................................................ 13 ............................................................................ 21 ................................. 25

..................................................................................................29 ......................................................... 29 ......................................................... 29 ......................................................... 30 ..................................... 31

..................................................................................................32 ................................................................................ 32 ................................................................ 32 ................................................................................ 34 ................................................................................... 35

......................................................................................37 ........................................................................................... 37 ........................................................................................... 39 ........................................................................................... 42 ....................................................................................... 43 ....................................................................................... 49

x

........................................................................................... 67 .................................... 69

..............................................................................................73 ................................................................................ 73 ........................................................................................... 76 ................................................................................... 78

.............................................................................................................79 ................................................................................................. 79 ................................................................................................. 82

.............................................................................................................87 .............................................................................................................90

xi

21................................................................................................... 5 22 ........................................................................................... 9 23 ..............................................................................13 24 ..........................................................................................14 25 ..........................................................................................21 26...................................................................25 27...................................................................27 28...................................................................28 51 ...........................................................37 52 ...........................................................38 53 ...........................................................39 54 ..........................................................................................40 55 ...............................................................41 56.......................................................................41 57 ...............................................................42 58.......................................................................42 59 ..........................................................................43 510 ......................................................................................44 511 ......................................................................................44 512 ..............................................................................44 513 ..............................................................................45 514 ..............................................................................45 515 ..............................................................................45 516 ......................................................................................46 517 ..............................................................................46 518 ...............................................................47 519 .......................................................48 520 .......................................................49 521 ...........................................................50 522 ...........................................................50 523 Scheffe......................................51 524 ...........................................................51 525 ...................................................52 526 ...................................................52 527 ...........................................................52 528 Scheffe......................................53

xii

529 ...................................................54 530 .......................................................55 531 ...................................................56 532 T ...........................................56 533 ...........................................................56 534 .......................................................57 535 ...........................................................57 536 ...................................................58 537 ...................................................58 538 ...........................................................58 539 ...........................................................59 540 ...................................................60 541 ...................................................61 542 ...................................................62 543 T ...........................................62 544 ...........................................................62 545 ...........................................................63 546 ...........................................................63 547 ...................................................64 548 ...................................................64 549 ...........................................................65 550 ...................................................65 551 ...................................................65 552 .....66 553 ..............................................................................68 554 ....................................69 555 ............................................70 556 ............................................71 557 ............................................71 558 ........................72 61 ..............................................................................75

xiii

11................................................................................................... 3 21 ..................................................................................11 22 ..........................................................................12 23..............................................................................................17 24Kanungo ........................................................18 25Rabinowitz Hall .............................................19 26Brown...........................................................................20 41..................................................................................................32 51 ........................................69

()

(2004)

(2007)

1986

(2002)Robbins

(1996)

(19891991)

Fitzgerald (1996)

(1988)Kobasa (1982)

1

OReilly & Chatman (1986)

psychological attachment

Lawler & Hall, 1970

2

1-1 :

1-1

:

3

SPSS

4

:

()

Selye (1956)

(2002)

(Stress is the nonspecific response of the

body to any demand)

:

2-1

Selye 1956

French &

Kahn

1962

Fineman 1979

Ivancevich 1980

Selye 1983

5

2-1 ()

Lazarus &

Folkman

1984

Albertson &

Kagan

1987

1991

1991

1999

2002

Michie 2002

2002

6

2-1 ()

2006

2008

:

()

Lazarus & Folkman (1984)

:

1.

(tolerance level)

2.

7

3.

(2004)

()

(job stress)

(Arikewuyo, 2004)French & Kahn

1962

(1997)Caplan (1975)

Beehr & Newman (1978)

Arthur,

Randall, & Mary (1982)

2-2:

8

2-2

French,

Roger, &

Cobb

1974

Caplan 1975

Beehr &

Newman

1978

1984

Beehr &

Newman

1986

Steers 1988

Jamal

1990

1991

1992 1.

2.

3.

1999

2005

9

2-2 ()

2005

2006 :

1.

2.

3.

2010

:(2002)

()

1.

Siegrist90

-

10

2-1:

2-1

: Siegrist, J. & Peter, R. (2000). The effort-eward imbalance model. Occupational Medicine, 15(1),83-87

2.

(1993) Ivancevich & Matteson (1980)Robbins (1989)

11

2-2:

* * */

* *

2-2

:(1993)53(2)33

()

2-3:

12

2-3

Kabanoff

& Brien

1986

Robbins 1989 :

1. :

2. :

3. :

1994 :

1. :

2. :

3. :

4. :

5. :

6. :

:

Lodahl & Kejner 1965

(Allport, 1943; Vroom, 1962)(Dubin,

1956)(ego involvement in work)

13

Lodahl & Kejner

Lawler & Hall (1970)Lodahl & Kejner

(1965)

Saleh & Hosek (1976):

(self-concept)

Kanungo (1982)

JI(job

involvement)

WI(work involvement)

Brown (1996)Kanungo

:

:

2-4

1989

1991

14

2-4

1993

1995

1997

1998

1999

2002

2002

2004

15

2-4 ()

2004

2004

2004

2005

2005

2006

2008

2010

:(2008)(2010)

16

Vroom (1964)Kanungo

(1982)Rabinowitz & Hall (1977)

Brown(1996)

:

()

(Expectancy Theory)-

Vroom 1964

F=V*E

FForce:

VValue:

EExpectancy:

2-3

:Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and Motivation. New York: John Wiley

Sons,99-190.

()Kanungo Kanungo

17

2-3

(2002)

2-4 Kanungo

:Kanungo, R. N. (1979). The Concepts of Alientation and Involvement

Revisited. Psychological Bulletin, 86(1), 133.

18

()Rabinowitz & Hall Rabinowitz & Hall

(1977)

:

1.:

2.:

3.:

2-5 Rabinowitz Hall

:Rabinowitz, S. & Hall, D. T. (1977). Organizationalresearch on job involvement. Psychological Bulletin, 84(2), 265-288.

()Brown

Brown (1996)

19

2-6 Brown

:Brown, S. P. (1996). A Meta-Analysis and Review of Organizational

Research on Job Involvement, Psychological Bulletin, 120 (2), 250.

Vroom (1964)

(,1996)Kanungo (1979)

Rabinowitz & Hall

(Kanungo, 1982)

(Brown, 1996)

(Rabinowitz & Hall, 1977)

20

1899

(Kagan, 1958)

(Social Identity Theory, SIT)

(Mael and Ashforth, 1989)Deschamps &

Devos (1998)

(social categories )

:

2-5

Patchen

1970 1.

2.

3.

1984

1988

Mael &

Ashforth

1992

Robbins 1995

21

2-5 ()

1995

Pratt

1998 (self-inferential)

(self-defining)

Wan-Huggins,

Riordan, &

Griffeth

1998 1.

2.

3.

2002

2004

22

2-5 ()

Gautam, Van

Dick,

& Wagner

2004

:

Patchen (1970)

()

(Social Identity Theory, SIT)

Tajfel (1974)

(

2002)

(Tajfel, 1981)

:1.(self-esteem)2.

3.(intergroup)

(Turner, 1970)

(Dutton, 1994)

()

(2002)

23

(1988)

()

Patchen (1970)

:

1.:

2.:

3.:

(1984)

:

1.(cohesion):

2.( involvement):

3.( loyalty):

24

4.(alienation):

Smidts, Pruyn & Van Riel (2001):

1.(cognitive component):

2.(affectivecomponent):

2-6:

2-6

2002

2003

2005

25

2-6 ()

2009

2009

2009

2010

-

2011

:

16

2011

:

26

Edwards (2005)

(

2001)

:

2-7

Commitment Profiles: Combinations of organizational commitment forms and job outcomes.

Wasti 2005

2006 1.

2.

-

2009

1.

2.

-

2011

2011 1.(

)

2.

:

27

()

:

2-8

2008

2009 1.

2.

2011

:

28

Bhatt (1997)

(Rabinowitz & Hall, 1977)

(1994)

(Woo & Postolache, 2008)

(Ashford & Bobko, 1989)

(

2009)

(1998)

(Fisher & Gitelson, 1983):

H1:

(1986)

(2001)

29

(2003)(2000)

(2001)

Dale & Fox (2008)

Parker & Decotiis (1983)

Haken & Jamel (2006)

:

H2:

Van Dick et al., (2004)

(2007)

(199820082008)Carmeli,

Gilat & Waldman2007

(Miller

et al., 2000)

:

H3:

30

Kobasa (1982)

(Begley & Czajka, 1993)

(2007)

:

H4:

31

4-1

4-1

:

H1:

H2:

H3:

H4:

:

()

32

()

Mettson & Ivancevich

(1979)

(1986)15

1. :4(1-4)

2. :5(5-8)

3. :4(10111215)

4. :3(91314)

912

131415Likert

()

Patchen (1970):

:1.2.

3.

()

Cheney (1982) (organizational

identification questionnaire, OIQ)25

Miller et

al., (2000)2512

Miller et al., (2000)2512

1.:

3(1-3)2.:6(4-9)

3.:3(10-12)

12Likert

33

()

Kanungo (1982)

()

Kanungo (1982)

Kanungo Mc Gill 10

(involvement)(alienation)

(specific job)(work involvment)

12 10

(Job Involvment Questionnaire)Likert

Cronbach .87.85

.59 .74.68

10Kanungo

Likert

30

500

2011 10 2012 3

34

SPSS for

Windows :

CR

Cronbach

0 1

Guielford 1995 0.7

0.35 0.7 0.35 Nunnally 1978

DeVellis 1991 0.7

0.6

35

36

(

)

0.5

Scheff

(Correlation)

-1 ~ +1

()

P ()

z

CR

T

27%

27%

- 5-1

T

5-1

Levene

t

95%

F t

()

22.778 .000 21.012 194 .000 3.125 .149 2.832 3.419S1

21.253 152.615 .000 3.125 .147 2.835 3.416

11.569 .001 22.085 194 .000 3.096 .140 2.819 3.372S2

22.260 173.362 .000 3.096 .139 2.821 3.370

20.253 .000 21.631 194 .000 3.189 .147 2.898 3.480S3

21.793 175.516 .000 3.189 .146 2.900 3.478

5.343 .022 12.696 194 .000 2.558 .202 2.161 2.956S4

12.711 193.946 .000 2.558 .201 2.161 2.955

14.951 .000 15.578 194 .000 2.786 .179 2.433 3.139S5

15.462 166.912 .000 2.786 .180 2.430 3.142

.619 .432 9.575 194 .000 2.180 .228 1.731 2.629S6

9.568 192.862 .000 2.180 .228 1.731 2.629

1.469 .227 15.116 194 .000 2.811 .186 2.444 3.178S7

15.129 194.000 .000 2.811 .186 2.444 3.177

21.578 .000 20.859 194 .000 2.912 .140 2.636 3.187S8

21.041 168.859 .000 2.912 .138 2.638 3.185

2.080 .151 2.905 194 .004 .551 .190 .177 .925S9

2.899 190.307 .004 .551 .190 .176 .926

.083 .774 15.601 194 .000 2.738 .176 2.392 3.085S10

15.622 193.886 .000 2.738 .175 2.393 3.084

20.438 .000 22.287 194 .000 3.017 .135 2.750 3.284S11

22.522 158.377 .000 3.017 .134 2.752 3.281

37

.888 .347 9.744 194 .000 1.622 .166 1.293 1.950S12

9.801 183.111 .000 1.622 .165 1.295 1.948

2.720 .101 10.945 194 .000 1.608 .147 1.318 1.897S13

10.993 188.354 .000 1.608 .146 1.319 1.896

1.892 .171 9.846 194 .000 1.628 .165 1.302 1.954S14

9.880 190.812 .000 1.628 .165 1.303 1.953

.630 .428 10.721 194 .000 1.707 .159 1.393 2.021S15

10.725 193.883 .000 1.707 .159 1.393 2.021

- 5-2

T

5-2

Levene

t

95%

F t

()

.033 .855 14.440 186 .000 2.361 .164 2.039 2.684I1

14.450 185.632 .000 2.361 .163 2.039 2.683

15.904 .000 6.078 186 .000 1.227 .202 .829 1.626I2

6.060 171.223 .000 1.227 .203 .828 1.627

17.813 .000 13.973 186 .000 1.905 .136 1.636 2.174I3

13.901 148.316 .000 1.905 .137 1.634 2.176

21.957 .000 15.751 186 .000 2.295 .146 2.008 2.583I4

15.669 148.090 .000 2.295 .146 2.006 2.585

2.642 .106 15.914 186 .000 2.718 .171 2.381 3.055I5

15.954 177.734 .000 2.718 .170 2.382 3.054

1.570 .212 15.250 186 .000 2.389 .157 2.080 2.699I6

15.275 182.930 .000 2.389 .156 2.081 2.698

8.975 .003 -4.499 186 .000 -.883 .196 -1.269 -.496I7

-4.490 177.065 .000 -.883 .197 -1.270 -.495

.583 .446 14.281 186 .000 2.342 .164 2.019 2.666I8

14.305 182.599 .000 2.342 .164 2.019 2.665

4.260 .040 18.733 186 .000 2.600 .139 2.326 2.873I9

18.684 173.697 .000 2.600 .139 2.325 2.874

66.415 .000 11.539 186 .000 1.849 .160 1.533 2.165I1

0 11.456 126.555 .000 1.849 .161 1.529 2.168

- 5-3

38

T

5-3

Levene

t

95%

F t

()

62.463 .000 17.599 189 .000 2.601 .148 2.309 2.892O1

17.868 147.194 .000 2.601 .146 2.313 2.889

9.036 .003 22.374 189 .000 3.169 .142 2.890 3.449O2

22.474 186.373 .000 3.169 .141 2.891 3.448

62.951 .000 14.614 189 .000 2.328 .159 2.013 2.642O3

14.882 132.950 .000 2.328 .156 2.018 2.637

50.615 .000 18.784 189 .000 2.662 .142 2.383 2.942O4

19.053 151.767 .000 2.662 .140 2.386 2.938

37.730 .000 20.516 189 .000 2.731 .133 2.468 2.993O5

20.745 165.833 .000 2.731 .132 2.471 2.991

1.586 .209 20.319 189 .000 2.719 .134 2.455 2.983O6

20.460 180.885 .000 2.719 .133 2.457 2.982

40.142 .000 17.665 189 .000 2.547 .144 2.263 2.832O7

17.933 147.803 .000 2.547 .142 2.266 2.828

56.640 .000 16.992 189 .000 2.602 .153 2.300 2.904O8

17.256 146.091 .000 2.602 .151 2.304 2.900

25.303 .000 16.854 189 .000 2.720 .161 2.401 3.038O9

17.047 164.635 .000 2.720 .160 2.405 3.035

20.172 .000 21.125 189 .000 2.932 .139 2.658 3.205O1

0 21.382 161.590 .000 2.932 .137 2.661 3.202

3.304 .071 13.398 189 .000 2.186 .163 1.864 2.508O1

1 13.469 184.936 .000 2.186 .162 1.866 2.507

1.342 .248 20.547 189 .000 2.884 .140 2.607 3.161O1

2 20.579 188.990 .000 2.884 .140 2.608 3.160

39

(Principal Components Solution)

1

KMO

(Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) KMO 1

Tabachnick & Fidell (2007)

5-4 :

5-4 2 ()

0.71 50%

0.63 40%

0.55 30%

0.45 20%

0.32 10%

5-5

S7 0.775 S11 0.734 S8 0.700 S10 0.699

S5 0.674

6.513 43.42 43.42

S14 0.882 S13 0.847 S15 0.824 S9 0.684

S12 0.656

2.617 17.445 60.865

S4 0.794 S3 0.720 S1 0.707

S2 0.704

0.915 6.100 66.964

*S6 0.815 0.745 4.967 71.932 :*

0.5

5-6 :

5-6

S7 0.775 S11 0.734 S8 0.700 S10 0.699

S5 0.674

6.513 43.42 43.42

S14 0.882 S13 0.847 S15 0.824 S9 0.684

S12 0.656

2.617 17.445 60.865

S4 0.794 S3 0.720 S1 0.707

S2 0.704

0.915 6.100 66.964

KMO

0.945 3

3

0.5 5-7 :

41

5-7

O7 0.834 O9 0.733 O4 0.723 O8 0.713 O6 0.675

O5 0.580

7.795 64.957 64.957

O3 0.864 O1 0.682 O2 0.655

0.718 5.979 70.936

O11 0.885 O12 0.709 O10 0.635

0.681 5.678 76.614

:*

3

0.5 Cheney (1982)

5-8 :

5-8

O7 0.834 O9 0.733 O4 0.723 O8 0.713 O6 0.675

O5 0.580

7.795 64.957 64.957

O3 0.864 O1 0.682

O2 0.655

0.718 5.979 70.936

O11 0.885 O12 0.709 O10 0.635

0.681 5.678 76.614

(reliability)

7

(Internal Consistency Model)

Cronbachs

42

Wortzel (1979)Cronbachs 0.50 0.98

0.35

Cronbachs 0.8770.8510.875

14 3

4 Cronbachs

0.7

5-9 :

5-9 Cronbachs

0.877 0.851

0.875

0.922 0.855 0.861

0.780

500374

3134368.6%

()

5-10 53.1%

46.9%

43

5-10

161 46.9%

182 53.1%

343 100%

()

5-11 62.1%

37.0% 0.9%

5-11

213 62.1%

127 37.0%

3 0.9%

343 100%

()

5-12 64.4%

() 0.9%

5-12

() 3 0.9%

55 16.0%

() 221 64.4%

64 18.7%

343 100%

()

5-13 31~40 50.70%

44

20 2.60%

5-13

20 9 2.60%

21~30 76 22.20%

31~40 174 50.70%

41~50 59 17.20%

51~60 25 7.30%

343 100%

()

5-14 67.10%

32.90%

5-14

230 67.10%

113 32.90%

343 100%

()

5-15

83.10% 0.60%

5-15

285 83.10%

47 13.70%

9 2.60%

2 0.60%

343 100%

45

()

5-16 20001~40000

48.40%80001~100000 0.9%

5-16

20000 28 8.20%

20001~40000 166 48.40%

40001~60000 97 28.30%

60001~80000 43 12.50%

80001~100000 3 0.90%

100001 6 1.70%

343 100%

()

5-17 6~10 28%

6.4%

5-17

1 22 6.40%

1~5 83 24.20%

6~10 96 28.00%

11~15 73 21.30%

16~20 27 7.90%

20 42 12.20%

343 100%

()

Likert

46

1 7

3.41-4.37

3.79 3.47-3.69

3.55 3.28-3.82 3.50

5-18 :

5-18

5. 4.37 1.665

7. 3.96 1.653

8. 3.41 1.542

10. 3.80 1.640

3.79

11. 3.44 1.538

9.

3.47 1.239

12. 3.34 1.290

13. 3.67 1.214

14. 3.62 1.269

3.55

15.

3.69 1.347

1. 3.50 1.670

2. 3.43 1.637

3. 3.82 1.684

3.50

3.28 1.773 4.

()

Likert

1 7

47

3 12 5-19 :

5-19

4.

4.60 1.370

5.

4.52 1.353

6. 4.25 1.358

7.

4.61 1.320

8.

4.70 1.350

9.

4.54

4.59 1.428

1. 4.64 1.333

2.

4.12 1.515

3.

4.54

4.89 1.348

10.

4.37 1.426

11.

4.34 1.316

12.

4.24

4.02 1.441

()

Likert

1 7

10 2.97-5.09

4.28 5-20 :

48

5-20

1.

4.06 1.475

2. 4.83 1.387

3. 5.05 1.127

4. 4.66 1.267

5. 3.77 1.536

6. 4.14 1.389

7. 2.97 1.275

8. 3.91 1.444

9. 4.37 1.351

10.

4.28

5.09 1.230

()

t Levenes test

P 0.292 0.05

t P 0.098 0.05

5-21 :

49

5-21 (N=161) (N=182) M SD M SD

T

49.48 14.651 51.99 13.277 1.661 :*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

()

5

Levenes testP0.7080.05

ANOVAP0.0050.05

5-22

:

5-22 F 2829.998 4 707.499 3.739 .005 63958.061 338 189.225 66788.058 342 :*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

ANOVA F3.739P0.0050.05Levenes test

Scheff 5-2331~4041~50

50

5-23 Scheff 95% (I) (J)

(I-J)

21~30 .962 4.849 1.000 -14.06 15.98 31~40 .105 4.702 1.000 -14.46 14.67 41~50 7.405 4.923 .688 -7.84 22.65

20

51~60 5.818 5.347 .881 -10.74 22.38 20 -.962 4.849 1.000 -15.98 14.06 31~40 -.857 1.891 .995 -6.71 5.00 41~50 6.443 2.387 .124 -.95 13.84

21~30

51~60 4.856 3.172 .673 -4.97 14.68 20 -.105 4.702 1.000 -14.67 14.46 21~30 .857 1.891 .995 -5.00 6.71 41~50 7.300* 2.072 .016 .88 13.72

31~40

51~60 5.712 2.942 .439 -3.40 14.83 20 -7.405 4.923 .688 -22.65 7.84 21~30 -6.443 2.387 .124 -13.84 .95 31~40 -7.300* 2.072 .016 -13.72 -.88

41~50

51~60 -1.587 3.283 .994 -11.75 8.58 20 -5.818 5.347 .881 -22.38 10.74 21~30 -4.856 3.172 .673 -14.68 4.97 31~40 -5.712 2.942 .439 -14.83 3.40

51~60

41~50 1.587 3.283 .994 -8.58 11.75 :*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

()

T Levene's test P 0.108

0.05

T P 0.048 0.05

51.86

48.69 5-24 :

5-24 (N=230) (N=113) M SD M SD

T

51.86 13.474 48.69 14.777 1.981 :*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

()

Levenes test

51

P 0.822 0.05 ANOVA

P 0.111 0.05

5-25 :

5-25 F 1172.452 3 390.817 2.019 .111 65615.606 339 193.556 66788.058 342 :*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

()

Levenes test

P 0.307 0.05

ANOVA P 0.293 0.05

5-26 :

5-26 F 727.602 3 242.534 1.245 .293 66060.456 339 194.869 66788.058 342 :*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

()

Levenes test

P 0.478 0.05

ANOVA P 0.005 0.05

5-27 :

5-27 F 3224.167 5 644.833 3.419 .005 63563.891 337 188.617 66788.058 342 :*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

52

5-28 Scheff 95% (I) (J)

(I-J)

20001~40000 .997 2.806 1.000 -8.39 10.3940001~60000 3.750 2.946 .898 -6.11 13.6160001~80000 9.099 3.335 .193 -2.06 20.2680001~100000 2.083 8.343 1.000 -25.84 30.01

20000

100000 13.417 6.178 .453 -7.26 34.1020000 -.997 2.806 1.000 -10.39 8.3940001~60000 2.753 1.755 .782 -3.12 8.6360001~80000 8.102* 2.350 .039 .24 15.9780001~100000 1.086 8.001 1.000 -25.69 27.87

20001~40000

100000 12.420 5.707 .451 -6.68 31.5220000 -3.750 2.946 .898 -13.61 6.1120001~40000 -2.753 1.755 .782 -8.63 3.1260001~80000 5.349 2.516 .479 -3.07 13.7780001~100000 -1.667 8.051 1.000 -28.61 25.28

40001~60000

100000 9.667 5.778 .731 -9.67 29.0120000 -9.099 3.335 .193 -20.26 2.0620001~40000 -8.102* 2.350 .039 -15.97 -.2440001~60000 -5.349 2.516 .479 -13.77 3.0780001~100000 -7.016 8.201 .981 -34.47 20.44

60001~80000

100000 4.318 5.985 .991 -15.72 24.3520000 -2.083 8.343 1.000 -30.01 25.8420001~40000 -1.086 8.001 1.000 -27.87 25.6940001~60000 1.667 8.051 1.000 -25.28 28.6160001~80000 7.016 8.201 .981 -20.44 34.47

80001~100000

100000 11.333 9.711 .928 -21.17 43.8420000 -13.417 6.178 .453 -34.10 7.2620001~40000 -12.420 5.707 .451 -31.52 6.6840001~60000 -9.667 5.778 .731 -29.01 9.6760001~80000 -4.318 5.985 .991 -24.35 15.72

100000

80001~100000 -11.333 9.711 .928 -43.84 21.17:*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

ANOVA F3.419P0.0050.05Levenes test

Scheff 5-2820001~4000060001~80000

()

Levenes test

P 0.670 0.05ANOVA

53

F 4.180P 0.01 0.05

5-29 :

5-29 F 3900.460 5 780.092 4.180 .001 62887.598 337 186.610 66788.058 342 :*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

ANOVA F4.180P0.010.05Levene test

Scheff 5-30

6-1020

54

5-30 95% (I)

(J)

(I-J)

1~5 -5.597 3.276 .712 -16.56 5.376~10 -6.786 3.229 .492 -17.59 4.0211~15 -3.161 3.322 .970 -14.28 7.9616~20 1.429 3.923 1.000 -11.70 14.56

1

20 2.604 3.595 .991 -9.43 14.641 5.597 3.276 .712 -5.37 16.566~10 -1.189 2.047 .997 -8.04 5.6611~15 2.436 2.192 .941 -4.90 9.7716~20 7.027 3.027 .372 -3.10 17.16

1~5

20 8.201 2.587 .077 -.46 16.861 6.786 3.229 .492 -4.02 17.591~5 1.189 2.047 .997 -5.66 8.0411~15 3.625 2.121 .712 -3.48 10.7316~20 8.215 2.976 .182 -1.75 18.18

6~10

20 9.390* 2.527 .018 .93 17.851 3.161 3.322 .970 -7.96 14.281~5 -2.436 2.192 .941 -9.77 4.906~10 -3.625 2.121 .712 -10.73 3.4816~20 4.591 3.077 .817 -5.71 14.89

11~15

20 5.765 2.646 .449 -3.09 14.621 -1.429 3.923 1.000 -14.56 11.701~5 -7.027 3.027 .372 -17.16 3.106~10 -8.215 2.976 .182 -18.18 1.7511~15 -4.591 3.077 .817 -14.89 5.71

16~20

20 1.175 3.370 1.000 -10.10 12.451 -2.604 3.595 .991 -14.64 9.431~5 -8.201 2.587 .077 -16.86 .466~10 -9.390* 2.527 .018 -17.85 -.9311~15 -5.765 2.646 .449 -14.62 3.09

20

16~20 -1.175 3.370 1.000 -12.45 10.10:*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

()

Levene test

P0.9510.05ANOVA

F1.471P0.2440.05

5-31:

55

5-31 F 552.086 2 276.043 1.417 .244 66235.972 340 194.812 66788.058 342 *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

()

t Levene test

P 0.479 0.05

t P 0.038 0.05

55.22

52.23 5-32 :

5-32 T (N=161) (N=182) M SD M SD

T

55.22 12.546 52.23 13.880 2.088 :*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

()

ANOVA Levene test

P 0.483 0.05 ANOVA

F 4.168P 0.003 0.05

5-33 F 2859.001 4 714.750 4.168 .003 57966.713 338 171.499 60825.714 342 :*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

ANOVA P 0.003 0.05

31~40 51~60 5-34 :

56

5-34 95% (I) (J)

(I-J)

21~30 3.069 4.616 .979 -11.23 17.3731~40 3.831 4.477 .947 -10.03 17.7041~50 -1.936 4.686 .997 -16.45 12.58

20

51~60 -5.044 5.091 .912 -20.81 10.7220 -3.069 4.616 .979 -17.37 11.2331~40 .763 1.801 .996 -4.81 6.3441~50 -5.005 2.272 .305 -12.04 2.03

21~30

51~60 -8.113 3.019 .127 -17.47 1.2420 -3.831 4.477 .947 -17.70 10.0321~30 -.763 1.801 .996 -6.34 4.8141~50 -5.767 1.973 .076 -11.88 .34

31~40

51~60 -8.876* 2.801 .042 -17.55 -.2020 1.936 4.686 .997 -12.58 16.4521~30 5.005 2.272 .305 -2.03 12.0431~40 5.767 1.973 .076 -.34 11.88

41~50

51~60 -3.108 3.125 .911 -12.79 6.5720 5.044 5.091 .912 -10.72 20.8121~30 8.113 3.019 .127 -1.24 17.4731~40 8.876* 2.801 .042 .20 17.55

51~60

41~50 3.108 3.125 .911 -6.57 12.79:*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

()

T Levene

test P 0.671 0.05

T P 0.089 0.05

5-35 :

5-35 (N=230) (N=113) M SD M SD

T

52.77 13.686 55.38 12.472 1.706 :*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

()

Levene test

P 0.116 0.05 ANOVA

P 0.994 0.05

57

5-36 :

5-36 F 530.538 3 176.846 .994 .396 60295.176 339 177.862 60825.714 342 :*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

()

Levene test

P 0.243 0.05 ANOVA

P 0.062 0.05

5-37 :

5-37 F 1296.795 3 432.265 2.462 .062 59528.919 339 175.602 60825.714 342 :*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

()

Levene test P

0.693 0.05

ANOVA P 0.003 0.05

5-38 :

5-38 F 3169.251 5 633.850 3.705 .003 57656.463 337 171.087 60825.714 342 :*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

ANOVAP0.0030.05Scheff

Scheff

58

5-39 95% (I) (J)

(I-J)

20001~40000 -1.154 2.672 .999 -10.10 7.7940001~60000 -5.276 2.806 .619 -14.67 4.1260001~80000 -8.448 3.176 .218 -19.08 2.1880001~100000 -5.083 7.946 .995 -31.68 21.51

20000

100000 -13.083 5.884 .425 -32.78 6.6120000 1.154 2.672 .999 -7.79 10.1040001~60000 -4.122 1.672 .301 -9.72 1.4760001~80000 -7.294 2.238 .062 -14.79 .2080001~100000 -3.930 7.620 .998 -29.43 21.58

20001~40000

100000 -11.930 5.436 .440 -30.12 6.2620000 5.276 2.806 .619 -4.12 14.6720001~40000 4.122 1.672 .301 -1.47 9.7260001~80000 -3.172 2.396 .882 -11.19 4.8580001~100000 .192 7.668 1.000 -25.47 25.86

40001~60000

100000 -7.808 5.503 .847 -26.23 10.6120000 8.448 3.176 .218 -2.18 19.0820001~40000 7.294 2.238 .062 -.20 14.7940001~60000 3.172 2.396 .882 -4.85 11.1980001~100000 3.364 7.811 .999 -22.78 29.51

60001~80000

100000 -4.636 5.700 .985 -23.72 14.4420000 5.083 7.946 .995 -21.51 31.6820001~40000 3.930 7.620 .998 -21.58 29.4340001~60000 -.192 7.668 1.000 -25.86 25.4760001~80000 -3.364 7.811 .999 -29.51 22.78

80001~100000

100000 -8.000 9.249 .980 -38.96 22.9620000 13.083 5.884 .425 -6.61 32.7820001~40000 11.930 5.436 .440 -6.26 30.1240001~60000 7.808 5.503 .847 -10.61 26.2360001~80000 4.636 5.700 .985 -14.44 23.72

100000

80001~100000 8.000 9.249 .980 -22.96 38.96:*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

()

Levene test

P 0.096 0.05ANOVA

F 2.498P 0.031 0.05

5-40 :

59

5-40 F 2173.974 5 434.795 2.498 .031 58651.740 337 174.041 60825.714 342 :*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

ANOVAScheff

201~5

5-41:

60

5-41 95% (I)

(J)

(I-J)

1~5 2.045 3.164 .995 -8.54 12.636~10 .850 3.118 1.000 -9.59 11.2911~15 -.299 3.209 1.000 -11.04 10.4416~20 -.731 3.789 1.000 -13.41 11.95

1

20 -6.450 3.472 .631 -18.07 5.171 -2.045 3.164 .995 -12.63 8.546~10 -1.195 1.977 .996 -7.81 5.4211~15 -2.344 2.117 .942 -9.43 4.7416~20 -2.776 2.923 .970 -12.56 7.01

1~5

20 -8.495* 2.498 .044 -16.86 -.131 -.850 3.118 1.000 -11.29 9.591~5 1.195 1.977 .996 -5.42 7.8111~15 -1.149 2.049 .997 -8.01 5.7116~20 -1.581 2.874 .998 -11.20 8.04

6~10

20 -7.301 2.441 .114 -15.47 .871 .299 3.209 1.000 -10.44 11.041~5 2.344 2.117 .942 -4.74 9.436~10 1.149 2.049 .997 -5.71 8.0116~20 -.432 2.972 1.000 -10.38 9.51

11~15

20 -6.151 2.555 .329 -14.70 2.401 .731 3.789 1.000 -11.95 13.411~5 2.776 2.923 .970 -7.01 12.566~10 1.581 2.874 .998 -8.04 11.2011~15 .432 2.972 1.000 -9.51 10.38

16~20

20 -5.720 3.254 .686 -16.61 5.171 6.450 3.472 .631 -5.17 18.071~5 8.495* 2.498 .044 .13 16.866~10 7.301 2.441 .114 -.87 15.4711~15 6.151 2.555 .329 -2.40 14.70

20

16~20 5.720 3.254 .686 -5.17 16.61:*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

()

Levene test

P0.7170.05ANOVA

F1.523P0.2190.05

5-42:

61

5-42 F 540.188 2 270.094 1.523 .219 60285.527 340 177.310 60825.714 342 :*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

()

t Levene test

P 0.404 0.05

t P 0.303 0.05

5-43 :

5-43 T (N=161) (N=182) M SD M SD

T

43.31 8.104 42.43 7.625 1.032 :*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

()

ANOVA Levene test

P 0.527 0.05 ANOVA

F 5.852P 0.000 0.05

5-44 F 1366.428 4 341.607 5.852 .000 19730.382 338 58.374 21096.810 342 :*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

ANOVA P 0.000 0.05

21~30 31~40 41~50 5-45

62

:

5-45 95% (I) (J)

(I-J)

21~30 3.665 2.693 .763 -4.68 12.0131~40 3.061 2.612 .849 -5.03 11.1541~50 -1.416 2.734 .992 -9.88 7.05

20

51~60 -1.071 2.970 .998 -10.27 8.1320 -3.665 2.693 .763 -12.01 4.6831~40 -.604 1.051 .988 -3.86 2.6541~50 -5.081* 1.326 .006 -9.19 -.98

21~30

51~60 -4.736 1.762 .127 -10.19 .7220 -3.061 2.612 .849 -11.15 5.0321~30 .604 1.051 .988 -2.65 3.8641~50 -4.477* 1.151 .005 -8.04 -.91

31~40

51~60 -4.132 1.634 .174 -9.19 .9320 1.416 2.734 .992 -7.05 9.8821~30 5.081* 1.326 .006 .98 9.1931~40 4.477* 1.151 .005 .91 8.04

41~50

51~60 .345 1.823 1.000 -5.30 5.9920 1.071 2.970 .998 -8.13 10.2721~30 4.736 1.762 .127 -.72 10.1931~40 4.132 1.634 .174 -.93 9.19

51~60

41~50 -.345 1.823 1.000 -5.99 5.30:*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

()

T Levene

test P 0.942 0.05

T P 0.060 0.05

5-46 :

5-46 (N=230) (N=113) M SD M SD

T

42.41 7.6 43.73 8.312 1.475 :*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

()

Levene test

63

P 0.340 0.05 ANOVA

P 0.105 0.05

5-47 :

5-47 F 378.576 3 126.192 2.065 .105 20718.234 339 61.116 21096.810 342 :*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

()

Levene test

P 0.725 0.05 ANOVA

P 0.331 0.05

5-48 :

5-48 F 211.655 3 70.552 1.145 .331 20885.155 339 61.608 21096.810 342 :*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

()

Levene test P

0.884 0.05

ANOVA P 0.172 0.05

5-49 :

64

5-49 F 476.145 5 95.229 1.556 .172 20620.666 337 61.189 21096.810 342 :*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

()

Levene test

P 0.404 0.05ANOVA

F 1.750P 0.123 0.05

5-50 :

5-50 F 533.826 5 106.765 1.750 .123 20562.984 337 61.018 21096.810 342 :*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

()

Levene test

P0.9420.05ANOVA

F2.845P0.0600.05

5-51:

5-51 F 347.267 2 173.633 2.845 .060 20749.544 340 61.028 21096.810 342 :*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

5-52:

65

5-52

* * * * *

*

* *

:*

66

(Correlation)

Pearson

-1+1

5-53:

P0.01

--

-

-

67

7

1

6

1

0.80

8**

5

1

0.80

0**

0.72

4**

4

1

-0.5

32**

-0.5

67**

-0.4

83**

3

1

0.33

0**

-0.3

74**

-0.4

30**

-0.3

25**

2

1

0.74

2**

0.27

1**

-0.2

55**

-0.3

09**

-0.1

83**

1

1

-0.1

59**

-0.2

49**

-0.5

50**

0.50

6**

0.50

7**

0.54

6**

7.85

4

5.75

7

6.56

9

5.03

5

3.69

7

6.93

6

3.70

2

42.8

5

14.0

3

18.9

9

17.7

9

13.6

4

27.2

7

12.7

3

5-

53

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

:*

*

P

0.0

1

(

)

68

-

5-54

5-1:

5-54 1 -.520** 1 -.380** .555** 1:*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

5-1

BaronKenny(1986)

:

1. Bc

=Bc+A1

2. Ba

=Ba +A2

Bc

Ba Bb

69

3.BcBb

= Bc+Bb+A3

4.Bb

Bc

Bc

Bc

Bc

5-55 R 0.380()

R2 0.145 14.5 %

F = 57.720 p = .000 < .05

-0.380 ( t = -7.597

p = .000 < .05 )Bc-0.2140.028

-0.380:

-0.214 +53.711

5-55 R2 R2 F B t 0.145 0.145 57.720*** -0.214 -0.380 -7.597*** 53.711 36.214*** :*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

1

Ba

5-56 R 0.520(

) R2 0.271 27.1 %

F =126.496 p = .000 < .05

70

-0.520 ( t

= -11.247*** p = .000 < .05 )Ba-0.496

0.044 -0.520

:

-0.496 +78.857

5-56 R2 R2 F B t 0.271 0.271 126.496*** -0.496 -0.520 -11.247*** 78.857 33.905*** :*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

2

Bb

5-57 R 0.555(

) R2 0.308 30.8 %

F = 151.952 p = .000 < .05

0.555 ( t =

12.327 p = .000 < .05 )Bb0.3270.027

0.555:

0.327 +25.309

5-57 R2 R2 F B t 0.308 0.308 151.952*** 0.327 0.555 12.327*** 25.309 17.266*** :*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

3

71

72

Bb

Bc

5-58 R 0.565() R2

0.320 32 %

F = 79.916 p = .000 < .05

-0.126 ( t = -2.40 p = .017 < .05 )

0.490 ( t = 9.353 p = .000 < .05 )

Bc-0.0710.029Bb0.2880.031

:

-0.071+0.288+30.963

5-58 R2 R2 F B t 0.320 0.320 79.916*** -0.071 -0.126 -2.400** 0.288 0.490 9.353*** 30.963 17.266*** :*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001

-0.380-0.126

Sobel test ( Sobel,1982 )

Z1.96Z:

Z=22222222 044.0288.0031.0496.0

288.0496.0BaBbBbBa

Bb*Ba

SS=-7.1693

Z 7.1693 1.96 Sobel test

6-1

6-1 :

73

:

1. 6~10 20

6~10

2.

3. 20001~40000 60001~80000

20001~40000

60001~80000

4. 31~40 41~50 31~40

51~60

74

21~30 31~40 50~60

21~30 31~40

:

1.

2. 51~60 31~40

50~60

3. 20 1~5

6-1

H1:

H2:

H3:

H4:

Sobel test

Z

75

()

()

()

()

(2007)

76

:

:

:

:

:

()

Herzberg

:

:

:

77

78

:

SEM

1. (1997)

2. (2003)

15193-230

3. (2011)

4. (2002)

5. (2002)

6. (2008):

7. (2002)

8. (2004)

9. (2012) SPSS (PASW)

:

10. (2007)

11. (2011)

1111-25

12. (1996) A

LISREL

72299-329

79

13. (2002)::

14. (2004)

15. (2006):

16. (1984):

17. (1986)::

18. (2002):

10145-64

19. (2010)

20. (1984)

21. (1988):

22. (1991)

23. (2006)

24. (1981)

25. (1989)

26. (1999)

27. (2002)

28. (2011)

80

29. (1991):

30. (2008)

31. (2004):212

14-22

32. (1998)15442

33. (2002):

34. (2002)

:

35. (2006)

36. (2007)

37. (2007) 2007

21-48

38. (2009):

403439-462

39. (2009)

-

40. (1991)

41. (2008)

42. (2001)::

43. (2007)

26251

44. (2000)

45. (2001)

81

1127-51

46. (2006)

47. (1993)532

33

48. (1994):

1. Arthur P. B., Randall S. S., Mary V. S. (1981). Managing Job Stress. Canada:

Brown & Company.

2. Albertson, L. M., & Kagan, D. M. (1987). Occupational stress among teachers.

Journal of Research and Development in Education, 21(1), 69-75.

3. Ashford, S. J., Lee, C., & Bobko, P. (1989). Content, causes, and consequences

of job insecurity: A theory-based measure and substantive test. Academy of

Management Journal, 32(4), 803-829.

4. Arikewuyo, M. O. (2004). Stress management strategies of secondary

schoolteachers in Nigeria. Educational Research, 46(2), 195-205.

5. Beehr, T. A., & Newman, J. E. (1978). Job Stress, Employee Health, and

Organizational Effectiveness: A Fact Analysis, Model, and Literature Review.

Personnel Psychology, 31(4), 665-699.

6. Beehr, T. A. Newman, J. E. & Terry, A. (1986). A Review and recommendations

for future investigation. Personnel Psychology, 39(1), 31-55.

7. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderatormediator variable

distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical

considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6) , 1173-1182.

8. Begley, T. M., & Czajka, J. M. (1993). Panel Analysis of the Moderating Effects

of Commitment on Job Satisfaction, Intent to Quit, and Health Following

Organisational Change. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(4), 552-556.

9. Brown, S. P. (1996). A meta-analysis and review of organizational research on

job involvement. Psychological Bulletin, 120(2), 235-255.

10. Bhatt, D. J. (1997). Job Stress, Job Involvement and Job Satisfaction of Teachers:

A Correlational Study. Indian Journal of Psychometry and Education, 28(2),

82

87-94.

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