Byzantine Art and Architecture

ObjectivesThe student will demonstrate knowledge of the Byzantine Empire and Russia from about 300 to 1000 C.E. by:Characterizing Byzantine art and architecture, and the preservation of Greek and Roman traditionsEssential QuestionsWhat were the contributions of Byzantine art and architecture?How did Greek and Roman culture survive within the Byzantine Empire?

Justinians RuleUnder Emperor Justinian, the Byzantine empire experienced the first artistic and literary flowering of its own independent cultureInspiration provided by Christian religion and imperial powerJustinian invested the enormous state budget in buildings of extraordinary magnitude

The Hagia SophiaMeans holy wisdomBuilt by Justinian.Greek Orthodox ChurchLargest dome in world at time.Showed glory of God.Built with government money.

Lots of light and open spaceColors reflect light, produce warmthHagia Sophia convinced Vladimir (Kiev) to convert to Christianity.Vladimir thought Byzantine God must be powerful!

HippodromeHeld 60,000 spectatorsWild chariot races and circus actsSite of the Nika revolt in 532 C.E. Hippodrome comes from Greek words meaning horse and racecourse

MosaicsDesigns made by pieces of stone, glass, etc.Covered floors, walls, ceilings.Usually religious or natural themes.Figures appear stiff (not real).Calm faces try to inspire reverence.

Justinian Theodora

IconsBest symbol of Byzantine ArtSmall religious picture used to help focus prayer.Thought to have sacred powersDepict Jesus, Mary, Saints, Angels

Achievements in Art and ArchitectureInspiration came from Christianity and to honor the power of the Byzantine EmperorIcons were popular in Byzantine ArtUse of mosaics (glass collages) in both public and religious buildingsMost famous building Hagia Sophia

Characteristics of Byzantine CultureGreco-Roman culture continues to flourish and Greek and Roman knowledge is preserved in Byzantine librariesGreek is primary languageForm of Christianity practiced in Byzantine Empire is known as Greek Orthodox Christianity or Eastern Orthodox Christianity

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