The Crusades: The Crescent and the Cross

Origins of the Crusades

In 1095 C.E. Byzantine emperor Alexius I urgently asked Pope Urban II for Christian knights to help him fight the Muslim Turks

The Pope called for a crusade (holy war) to free the Holy Land

From The Chronicle of the First Crusade

“Both knights and footman, both rich and poor…must strive to help expel the Turks from our Christian lands before it is too late. Christ commands it. Remission of sins (indulgences) will be granted for those going tither.”

The First Crusade

Christian knights captured Jerusalem in 1099 C.E. They capped their victory with a massacre of the cities Jews and Muslims.

Formed 4 regions called The Crusader States

Last Crusader outpost captured in 1291 C.E.

Massacre of the Muslims by Richard I of

England

Fall of Jerusalem

The Muslims repeatedly sought to destroy The Crusader States

1187 C.E.— Jersualem fell to Muslim forces led by Salah-al-Din (Saladin)

Saladin eventually reopened the city to Christian pilgrims

Sack of Constantinople

During the Fourth Crusade, Christians were diverted from fighting Muslims to fighting one another

Crusader knights captured and looted Constantinople

The Mongols

The Mongols conquered Russia, China, and Muslim states in Southwest Asia, destroying cities and countryside

Formed the largest empire the world had seen since Rome

The Fall of the Byzantine Empire

Weakened by warfare, the Byzantine Empire fell to the Turks in 1453 C.E.

The city was renamed Istambul and and became the capital of the Ottoman Empire

Op-Ed Writing

Write an editorial piece either for or against going on a Crusade to the Holy Land.

Include three supporting ideas

Minimum 1 paragraph (5-7 sentences)

If you need more information, use p. 255-260 of your book

PicturesPope Urban’s Speech 1095 C.E: http://pages.usherbrooke.ca/croisades/big_images/c_croisade1_clermont2.jpg

Crusader Map: http://www.uncp.edu/home/rwb/Crusades_Map.gif

Crusader States: http://byfiles.storage.live.com/y1p2QH7pz_l7ji6348fKaK0bemK0i7HNbnz9IOp8rnvxBXBXXOeIc6IVp0mC_aQiaDa3ffKvFQduNE

Murder of the Saracens: http://pages.usherbrooke.ca/croisades/big_images/c_croisade3_massacre_prisonniers.jpg

Surrender of the Christians to Saladin: http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/images/MiddleEast/Crusaders/Saladin_Hattin_01_full.jpg

Christians attacking Constantinople: http://historyofscience.com/G2I/timeline/images/prise_de_constantinople_1204_Palma_Le_Jeune.JPG

Ghengis Khan: http://www.logoi.com/notes/img/genghis-khan.jpg

Sack of Constantinople: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Zonaro_GatesofConst.jpg/220px-Zonaro_GatesofConst.jpg