Koji Fukuda Chief Advisor, JICA TA for Capacity Development to Accelerate Low Carbon and

Resilient Society Realization in Southeast Asian Region, Thailand (2018~)

Former Chief Technical Advisor, JICA TA SPI-NAMA, Viet Nam (2015-2018)

Building Technical Readiness for Ho Chi Minh City -Experiences of JICA Technical Assistance for Mitigation and Early Lessons -

2

Technical Capacity & Pilot

Baseline Studies

Trainings

& Capacity

Building

Policy & Legal Review

on NAMAs

Needs & Gap

Assessment

Building Policy Framework

Roadmap for GHG Emission Reduction (decree)

National

M, R, V

procedure

Mitigation

Registry

& DB

MONRE’S Training Courses &

Materials (technical & HL)

HCMC Climate Change

Bureau

Trainings & Capacity Building

Holistic Mitigation Training

to HCMC Stakeholders

The capacity of the Government of Vietnam to plan and implement Mitigation Actions is enhanced

Bridging NDC Implementation

Low Carbon Technology Assessment to facilitate

Vietnam’s NDC

Line

Depts

Enhancing MONRE’s Capacity to facilitate develop & implement Mitigation Actions

Enhancing LMs & Local Government’s capacity to plan, implement & MRV Mitigation Actions

Project Objective

Upstream Mitigation Policy Development to enable NDC Implementation and transparency requirement

Strengthening institutional capacity to quantify & manage GHG emission and emission reduction at pilot city

Added in 2016

HCMC DONRE/DMHCC

Output 1 Output 2

City-level GHG Inventory

Project-based MRV pilots

(Energy, Waste, Transport)

policy analysis for building

sector mitigation

A/P development, MRV for targeted

sub-sector

Capacity Development to support update of city-level climate

change action plans

Added in 2018

Selection of pilot city – why HCMC? Multi-criteria assessment of 5 centrally-run cities

e.g. size/scalability, industrial structure, progressiveness of climate planning,

institutional maturity, statistics/data availability, synergies with on-going

parallel efforts (e.g. city-city collaboration etc)

HCMC as the early mover for climate actions with enabling

conditions – experiences of CCAP development/implementation,

institutional framework (CCSC, CCB), leadership, multiple support

experiences

Central Government National GHG Inventory National MRV System

HCMC City-level GHG Inventory MRV Pilots (Energy, Transport, Waste) Seminar/Tech Training Operational Manuals

Functional relationship between central government and pilot city (HCMC) within the Project

Strengthening institutional capacity of pilot city (HCMC) to quantify & manage GHG emission and emission reduction through (1) City-level MRV and (2) City-level GHG Inventory

FEEDBACK to Formulation Process of National Policy

1

Replication to other cities and provinces

2

Establishing Robust Technical Basis for implementing specific actions in NDC

3

5

Piloting City-level MRV

Sector Development Projects in

HCMC

Implementing entity

(Source of Investment) Relevant organization

Energy Replacement of

Existing Street

Lamp with LED

District3 Department of Industry and Trade

(DOIT)

Introduction of

Solar PV system

Energy Conservation Center

(ECC)

Department of Science and

Technology (DOST)

Transport Introduction of CNG

Bus for Public Bus

Fleet

Saigon Bus Department of Transport (DOT),

Management and Operation Center

for Public Transport (MOCPT)

BRT Line 1 Project HCMC Urban-Civil Works

Construction Investment

Management Authority

(UCCI)

-

Waste Power Generation

at Go Cat Landfill

Site

HCMC Urban Environment

Company Limited

(CITENCO)

HCMC Department of Natural

Resources and Environment

(DONRE)

Animal Manure

Collection and

Biogas Recovery at

Small Farms

Livestock Competitiveness

and Food Safety Project

(LIFSAP)

HCMC Department of Agriculture

and Rural Development (DARD)

2

1. Selection of EXISTING & planned development or investment projects in HCMC to pilot MRV

2. Measurement of GHG emission reduction amounts

3. Exploring the most suitable MRV modality (incl. roles) according to the nature of the project

4. Compilation into city-level MRV operational manual

6

Setting General MRV Modality and Demarcation of Roles

MRV Authorization Unit (HCMC People’s Committee)

Sectoral Oversight Units (Respective departments and

agencies of HCMC)

MRV Management Unit (DONRE)

Mitigation Implementing Entities

(Various companies and organizations of HCMC)

- Identify mitigation actions and develop MRV Plan

- Conduct Monitoring - Prepare Monitoring Report

- Examine MRV Plans and Monitoring Report

- Approve MRV Plans and Monitoring Report

- Examine and consolidate MRV Plans and Monitoring Report

Role of organizations

7

7

Tailoring MRV Modalities according to the nature of Targeted Sectors/Actions

Fig. Example of MRV structure for transport sector

Fig. Example of MRV structure for waste sector Fig. Example of MRV structure for energy sector

HCMC

Saigon Bus

MOCPT

DONRE

HCMCPeoples Committee

MONRER

M

DOT

R

R

R

DataCollection

fromSaigonBus

8

City-level GHG Inventory (1) • 2013 HCMC inventory developed on the basis of (1) Global Protocol for Community-scale GHG Inventory

(GPC) and (2) CCAP sectors covering stationary energy, transportation, waste, IPPU, AFOLU

City-level GHG Inventory (2)

Providing scientific evidences for GHG emissions in HCMC Better understanding of relative state of GHG emissions with other cities

GHG Emissions in Stationary Energy

HCMC accounts for approx. 16% of national GHG emissions while population accounts only for 9% of the national total.

1

Per Capita Emissions of HCMC is close to those of Buenos Aires and Seoul.

2

Effort to Institutionalize Inventory and MRV Processes in HCMC

10

HCMC People’s Committee Decision (180/UBND – DT、2018.1.13)

The PC Decision triggered -

Sustained effort of HCMC for quantification of GHGs & emission reductions through MRV

Securing own budget for inventory development & MRV studies

• Approving dissemination of Technical Manuals on GHG inventory and MRV to management

departments in HCMC to use as reference;

• Approving HCMC’s 2013 GHG Emission as about 38,5 mil CO2eq;

• Requesting DONRE/CCB to take lead and collaborate with line departments, district PCs and related

agencies to apply these manuals for period 2018-2020 and report back to MONRE;

• HCMC to collaborate with MONRE, JICA and line departments to work on plan for SPI-NAMA in

2018-2019 and report to PPC for consideration and decision

Early Lessons

City-level MRV Framework City-level GHG Inventory

Starting with simple framework (cost &

resource implication)

Setting the objective of MRV and its scope of

mitigation actions clear;

Grasping data requirement (flexibility to tailor

according to data accessibility & availability);

Setting methodological approach, monitoring

cycle and schedule;

Clear demarcation of tasks for monitoring

(alignment with existing system & reporting

channel)

Follow-up arrangement for continuous

systems improvement;

Disseminate!

Setting the scope of city-level inventory in line

with coverage of city’s climate plan & physical

boundary

Assessing data availability and data holders

Setting data collection & sharing scheme

(preferably backed up by legal instruction)

Selecting methodological approach in

accordance with city’s context

Setting calculation format

Systematizing validation of inventory results

Just do it (learning by doing process!)

Building Confidence for Actions

What’s Next?

• At national level, preparation of the legal framework (Government Decree) to implement NDC underway, including provisions for municipalities/cities.

• At city level, preparation for HCMC’s 3rd Climate Change Action Plan (CCAP) 2021-2025, coinciding with the Implementation phase of the Paris Agreement, will start soon.

Legal Basis/Justification for climate actions by municipalities/cities

Science-/Evidence-based action plan

Front-runner of municipal-level climate actions

The Journey Continues…